Hippozænin. (Hippozæninum.)

Glanderine and Farcine. A Nosode.

Introduced by Drysdale.

The extracts (made by Hering) are from Wilkinson, Spinola, Bollinger (Ziemsen) and Virchow.

They are the effects observed on horses and men affected with this disease.

Gl. = Glanderine. F. = Farcine. Symptoms so marked are suggested for clinical use by Wilkinson.

CLINICAL AUTHORITIES.

• Ozæna , Wilkinson, B. J. H., vol. 15, p. 627 ; Morgan, Raue's Rec., 1873, p. 79 ; Chronic ozœna , Hiller, Organon, vol. 2, p. 381 ; Diphtheria , Wilkinson, B. J. H., vol. 15, p. 627 ; Bronchitis , Wilkinson, B. J. H., vol. 15, p. 625 ; Putrid fever , Wilkinson, B. J. H., vol. 15, p. 627 ; Glanderoid influenza , Baer, Raue's Rec., 1873, p. 108 ; Scrofulous swelling of parotid gland , Nichols, Organon, vol. 3, p. 345.

Cases by Berridge not found.

SENSORIUM [2]

Fainting turns with headache.

INNER HEAD [3]

Inflammation of membranes of brain.

Purulent collections between bones of skull and dura mater.

Scattered abscesses in brain substance.

Tubercles may appear in periosteum of skull, in dura mater, in plexus choroides.

A diffused myelitis malleosa, attributable to infiltration.

OUTER HEAD [4]

Bones of skull and face, most frontal, necrosed.

Hair loses its glisten. Gl.

SIGHT AND EYES [5]

Eyes full of tears or slime.

Pupils dilated, with collapse.

Papules on choroid coat of eye.

HEARING AND EARS [6]

Tinkling sounds in ears.

Hoarse and deaf, before fatal termination.

Inflammation of parotid gland.

SMELL AND NOSE [7]

Swelling and redness of nose and adjacent parts, with severe pain.

Diffused redness of nose spreading over forehead and face.

Upper portion of nose especially sensitive to touch, exhibiting a diffuse, erysipelatous swelling.

Erysipelas especially upon nose and face.

Gangrenous erysipelas of external integuments of nose, discharge of pus and viscid mucus down one or both nostrils. Gl.

Discharge of a thin, viscid, light colored mucus from nose.

Offensive muco-purulent discharge from nose.

Nasal secretions have a foul appearance, before fatal termination.

Nasal discharge often from one side only.

Discharge from nose becomes later of a thicker consistency, more purulent, often of a brownish-yellow color, sanguineous and offensive.

Catarrh : nose inflamed with thick and tinged defluxion ; tonsils swollen, fauces gorged. Gl.

Obstinate catarrh. Gl.

Ozæna ; ulcers inside of nose.

Discharge : often one-sided, albuminous, tough, viscous, discolored, gray, greenish, even bloody and offensive ; acrid, corroding.

One nostril appears smaller from swelling.

Little yellow pustules size of a hemp seed on nose.

Ulcers deep, lard-like fundus ; edges pectinated, elevated, viscous secretion, no scurfs, most in groups at first size of a lentil, running together.

Ulcerations progress from below upwards.

Chronic ozæna.

Small papules of yellowish color are seated upon mucous membrane of nose.

Distinct tubercles situated mostly upon alæ nasi.

Pustules and ulcers on mucous membrane of nose, terminating in erosion of perichondrium and perforation of septum and vomer.

Nostrils covered with foul, crustaceous deposits.

Nostrils covered with a viscous phlegm. Gl.

Nose and mouth ulcerated. θ Catarrh. Gl.

Malignant ozæna.

Gangrene of swollen root of nose.

Cartilages of nose become exposed and necrosed, septum, vomer and palatebone disorganized.

Cartilages of the nose are destroyed. Gl.

(OBS :) Caries of nasal bones.

Catarrhal, inflammatory, ulcerative processes in other mucous membranes than of nose, conjunctiva of eyes, mucous membranes of mouth, gums, fauces and entire respiratory canal.

Checks the liability to catarrhal affection. Gl.

LOWER FACE [9]

Maxillary gland swollen, like a distinct ball or sausage, firmly attached to the maxilla, uneven, rugged, tuberculated ; mostly painless, burning only at times.

Submaxillary and sublingual glands swollen and painful at times ; abscesses are formed which open externally.

TEETH AND GUMS [10]

Gums show a tendency to blow.

Gums covered with a black, sooty deposit.

TASTE, SPEECH, TONGUE [11]

Act of speaking difficult.

Tongue dry, thickly covered with a black, sooty deposit.

INNER MOUTH [12]

Dryness of mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx, before fatal termination.

Stomatitis.

Ulcers appear in mouth.

(OBS :) Buccal passages filled with tenacious lymph and mucus. θ Scarlatina. Gl.

Croupous exudation upon mucous membrane of mouth and throat.

Apparently suffocating from diphtheritis in mouth and nose, agonized with buccal ulcerations. θ Diphtheria. Gl.

(OBS :) Odor of breath putrid. θ Scarlatina. Gl.

Scrofulous swelling of left parotid gland in a child.

PALATE AND THROAT [13]

Ulcerations upon velum of palate.

(OBS :) Swollen tonsils closing posterior channels. θ Scarlatina.

Increased difficulty in swallowing, before fatal termination.

Mucous membrane of fauces ulcerated, yellow, like bacon.

Upon mucous membrane of pharynx ecchymoses, redness, swelling, eruptions and foul ulcers.

Inflamed condition of pharynx makes swallowing difficult.

Patient apparently suffocating from diphtheritis in mouth and nose ; buccal ulceration present.

APPETITE, THIRST. DESIRES, AVERSIONS [14]

Appetite failing ; loss of appetite. Gl.

Thirst excessive, especially with diarrhœa.

HICCOUGH, BELCHING, NAUSEA AND VOMITING [16]

Gastro-intestinal catarrh ; loss of appetite, indigestion, constipation, in later stage diarrhœa.

Large ecchymoses on mucous lining of stomach.

Papula shaped formations in substance of lining membrane of stomach.

HYPOCHONDRIA [18]

Liver greatly enlarged, often showing signs of fatty degeneration.

Hepatitis with gangrenous and ulcerative inflammation of gall ducts.

Enlargement of spleen.

Spleen enlarged, filled with blood ; softened and liquefied, of a grayish-red or dark color ; wedge-shaped abscesses in spleen.

ABDOMEN AND LOINS [19]

Inguinal glands swollen.

STOOLS AND RECTUM [20]

Colliquative diarrhœa with a general cachexia and exhaustion precede the fatal termination.

Involuntary evacuations with collapse.

Constipation.

URINARY ORGANS [21]

Tubercles and abscesses in kidneys.

Suppuration in one kidney. Gl.

Albumen in urine, also leucine and tyrosine.

MALE SEXUAL ORGANS [22]

Tubercles and abscesses : of glans penis ; of testicles ; in kidneys.

Sarcocele malleosa.

Swelling and inflammation of testicles. Gl.

(OBS :) Syphilis.

FEMALE SEXUAL ORGANS [23]

Slimy discharge from vagina.

(OBS :) Uterine phlebitis. F.

PREGNANCY. PARTURITION. LACTATION [24]

Abortion.

VOICE AND LARYNX. TRACHEA AND BRONCHIA [25]

Papules and ulcerations in frontal sinuses, pharynx, larynx and trachea.

Extensive lesions in larynx, subsequent œdema of glottis.

Hoarseness from the altered condition of larynx.

Neglected cases of bronchitis.

Bronchitis : in the worst forms ; especially in elderly persons ; where suffocation from excessive secretion is imminent. Gl.

RESPIRATION [26]

Noisy breathing ; loud snoring respiration before fatal termination ; breath fetid.

Respiration short and irregular, with collapse.

Slight difficulty in breathing.

Cough and obstructed respiration, resulting from cicatricial contraction of mucous membrane of nose and larynx ; had lasted eleven years ; patient presented picture of decided cachexia.

Respiration at first partially impeded, later absolute dyspnœa.

Actual dyspnœa from affection of larynx or lungs.

Suffocation from excessive secretions. θ Bronchitis. Gl.

Bronchial asthma. Gl.

COUGH [27]

Irritative cough.

Slight cough and hoarseness, sputa often bloody.

Cough commenced at Christmas and lasted till June. Gl.

Whooping cough. Gl.

Patients cough severely and expectorate profusely, sputa usually bearing a strong resemblance to the discharge from the nostrils.

INNER CHEST AND LUNGS [28]

Extensive rhonchi are heard over walls of chest.

Large sections of lungs in a state of gray hepatization and purulent infiltration, while other portions are in a state of collateral hyperemia.

Pneumonia with rusty sputa. Gl.

Pneumonia malleosa ; nodules larger, forming isolated hepatizations and abscesses.

One or two infarctions in lungs, size of a bean developed in one lobe, distinctly circumscribed dark red color, in and around which lie small abscesses.

Nodules in lung size of a pea, of a gray whitish appearance and a firm, lardaceous consistence.

Tubercles in lungs.

Tubercles, size of millet seed to a pea, of a firm texture and of a gray, yellowish or reddish color.

Tubercles in lungs are never missed in glanders, rarely in farcy.

Tubercles in lungs, nodules and specific inflammatory processes.

Small tubercles upon pleura ; sub-pleural ecchymoses.

Pulmonary abscesses with pleuritis.

(OBS :) Given in phthisis, it diminishes expectoration, abates constantly recurring aggravations of inflammation, and checks liability to catarrhal affections.

Suppuration of lungs. Gl.

(OBS :) Lung diseases of cattle. F.

HEART, PULSE AND CIRCULATION [29]

Pulse very frequent and small in volume, 110 to 120 ; in some cases retarded.

UPPER LIMBS [32]

With sore finger, swelling of arm, phlegmonous and erysipelatous with pustules and ulcers.

LOWER LIMBS [33]

(OBS :) Hip disease.

(OBS :) Psoas and lumbar abscesses. F.

(OBS :) Old bad legs (ulcers). Gl.

Suppuration in each knee-joint ; a large quantity of pus in bursa of knee-joint. Gl.

Anasarca of lower limbs. F.

LIMBS IN GENERAL [34]

Obscure pain in limbs, most in muscles and joints.

NERVES [36]

Weakness, fatigue, general discomfort ; they give up their business (not in carbuncle).

Malaise, fatigue, prostration, accompanied by headache and chills.

General prostration with considerable emaciation.

SLEEP [37]

Insomnia and great restlessness.

Nocturnal delirium.

FEVER [40]

Frequent chilliness. Gl.

Chills and fever in cases of abscesses or ulcers.

Skin becomes cool with collapse.

Symptoms like the early stage of typhoid fever.

Fever exacerbations irregular or of a regular intermittent character.

Febrile disturbances constantly increasing.

As the pains become more severe, regular fever turns often supervene or a continued fever prevails.

Fever when a series of abscesses follow in rapid succession.

Temperature reaches 104°F. and over.

Fever raging without intermission, even in morning, temperature 106°F.

Fever increases, pulse grows weaker, delirium sets in, stupor.

Putrid fever. Gl.

(OBS :) Plague. Gl.

(OBS :) May be tried in scarlatina, where odor of breath is putrid, buccal passages filled with tenacious lymph and mucus, tonsils greatly swollen.

ATTACKS, PERIODICITY [41]

At times : burning in maxillary glands ; pain in submaxillary and sublingual glands.

Cough commenced at Christmas and lasted till June.

Lasted eleven years ; cough and obstructed respiration.

LOCALITY AND DIRECTION [42]

Left : scrofulous swelling of parotid gland.

SENSATIONS [43]

Pain is excessive in acute articular rheumatism.

Attacks of muscular cramps before fatal termination.

Violent pains : in joints and muscles.

Severe pain : in nose and adjacent parts.

Obscure pain : in limbs ; in muscles and joints.

Painfulness : of tumors and abscesses ; of submaxillary and sublingual glands.

Painful swelling : of joints.

Burning : in maxillary glands.

Dryness : of mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx.

TISSUES [44]

Greatly debilitated and emaciated, presenting a very similar appearance to that seen in chronic tuberculosis with hectic fever.

Extrusion of contents overbalances supply of nutrition.

Numerous ecchymoses in internal organs.

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels and swelling of glands.

(OBS :) Lymphatic swellings and inflammation.

On legs, head, sides, chest, near genitals, in long strings, hard swellings from size of a pea to that of a hazel or walnut ; after enlarging they break open and discharge a viscous, yellow brownish ichor.

(OBS :) Phlegmasia dolens.

Entire process presents a strong resemblance to certain forms of pyæmia.

Pyæmia and inflammation of veins and lymphatics, particularly when pus is formed.

The mucous membranes (first of all that of the nose) manifest symptoms of inflammatory and ulcerative disease.

Inflammatory affection of mucous membrane of mouth followed by swelling of tongue, salivation, ulcers upon gums and throat, finally angina.

Purulent inflammation in serous membranes, especially lining membrane of joints, particularly of knee, hips and hand.

Painful swelling of joints.

Pain in joints and muscles become violent.

(OBS :) Enlarged joints.

Periarticular non-fluctuating tumefactions.

Large projecting tumors and abscesses becoming extremely painful and hard, then gradually changing to a doughy consistence ; fluctuating ; after opening, appear as extensive ulcers with irregular edges covered with a white deposit.

The specific nodules mostly in biceps, flexors of forearm, rectus, pectoralis and at point of insertion of deltoid ; Beneath larger blebs well defined sloughs of a dull gray color.

Putrescence, destructive, quasi malignant ulcerative tendency to decomposition of tissues. Gl.

Malignant erysipelas, particularly if attended with large formation of pus, destruction of parts. Gl.

(OBS :) Dropsy.

All the attacked parts swell, get œdematous.

Beneath œdema are small nodules, varying in size and filled with reddish pus.

Skin cracks in bend of joints, a brownish fluid oozes out, and gets ulcerous.

Purulent infiltrations of skin and cellular tissues, especially upon forehead and eyelids and in vicinity of joints.

Abscesses in various parts of body in course of absorbents.

Carbuncle.

Plague.

(OBS :) Cancer.

(OBS :) Elephantiasis.

(OBS :) Obstinate syphilitic sores, with great fetor.

(OBS :) Scrofulosa.

Abates recurring aggravation of inflammation.

(OBS :) Murrain of cattle.

TOUCH. PASSIVE MOTION. INJURIES [45]

Touch : upper portion of nose sensitive.

(OBS :) Putrid bedsores. Gl.

SKIN [46]

Erythema, erysipelatous or phlegmonous processes, abscesses, pustules and ulcers are spread so extensively over surface of body that hardly any part remains free.

Malignant erysipelas, particularly if attended by large formations of pus, and destruction of parts. Gl.

(OBS :) Scarlatina. Gl.

Sensation of pain on part of inoculation followed by a redness and inflammation, fever, finally swollen, inflamed lymphatic vessels.

On different parts of skin red spots, changing into pustules like those of small-pox, less often into pemphigus blebs.

Pustules of size of pea often arise in large numbers, bursting by discharging a thick, mucous, sanguineous pus, often emitting an offensive odor.

Surrounding sub-fascial abscesses the numerous layers are pale, discolored and readily torn.

Large abscesses upon different regions of the body, with inflamed lymphatic vessels and glands.

New abscesses are constantly forming in vicinity of the ulcers, especially about joints.

Contents of abscesses often tinged with blood, have a more viscous consistence, while connective tissue or muscular substance is softened.

(OBS :) Malignant pustule. Gl.

(OBS :) Carbuncle. Gl.

Boils and ulcers.

Confluent small-pox. Gl.

Malignant external ulcerations ; putrid bedsores ; obstinate syphilitic sores attended with great fetor.

Ulcers often penetrate so deep as to lay bare the tendons and bone.

Ulcers deep, lard-like fundus, elevated, pectinated edges, slow healing, leaving a star-shaped white scar.

(OBS :) Putrescence, destructive or quasi malignant ulceration, and tendency to decomposition of tissues.

Malignant external ulcerations. Gl.

Ulcers have no disposition to heal, livid appearance.

Ulcers assume a corroded, chancroid character and a dirty white hue.

Ulcers enlarge, edges and base acquire an unhealthy aspect, pus offensive.

Sinuous and fistulous ulcers, secreting an offensive, watery pus, showing no tendency to throw out granulations.

Pustules appear gradually on every part of body.

Pustules contain caseous purulent contents.

(OBS :) Malignant, phagedenic skin diseases. Gl.

(OBS :) Pustular ringworm. Gl.

(OBS :) Lupus exedens.

Circumscribed or diffused lesions on skin.

Fluctuating tumors in muscular tissue.

Frequently upon the limbs nodular tumors discharging, on being opened, thick, purulent masses mixed with blood and serum.

Icterus appears before fatal termination.

Here and there healing by forming cicatricial tissue.