An alkaloid, obtained from Atropa belladonna.

Formula

, C17H23 NO3

Preparation , Triturations. (Most of the poison-symptoms were obtained from the sulphate of Atropine.)

Authorities.

1 , Eidherr, A. H. Z., 60, 11 et seq . (proved 3d and 4th trits.); 2 , W. S. Moffatt, Hale's provings, Trans. of Hom. Med. Soc. of N. Y., 6, 83 (proved the 2d dec. trit.); 3 , C. S. Fahnenstock, ibid. (1st dec. trit.); 4 , C. H. Chamberlin, ibid. (1st dec. trit.); 5 , J. M. Smith, ibid. (1st dec. trit.); 6 , Shroff, Lehr. d. Pharm. (took .005 gramme); 7 , Kafka, A. H. Z., 52, 178 (took 1/60 grain); 8 , Harley, Old Veg. Neurotics (effects from subcutaneous injection of 1/160 to 1/20 gr.); 9 , Lusanna, A. H. Z., 55, 157 (general statement of effects); 10 , Homan (took part of solution 2 grs. to 1 oz.), (prepared for the eye), N. A. J. of Hom., 1, 115 (N. Y. J. of Med.); 11 , Sharpey, Mon. Hom. Rev., 18, 39, from Lancet (took a sol. of Atrop. by mistake); 12 , Blackley, M. Hom. Rev., 17, 481 (Rose E. took a teaspoonful of a lotion, 2 grs. to 1 oz.); 13 , Andrew, Ed. Med. J., 1852 (girl 21 years took 2/3 gr.); 14 , Piffingskold, A. H. Z., 54, 180 (took 6 drops of a sol., 5 grs. to 1 oz.); 15 , Holthouse, A. H. Z., M. Bl., 1, 38 (child took 1/2 gr.); 16 , A. H. Z., M. Bl., 11, 59 (child took a sol., 1/2 gr. to 1 oz.); 17 , Weil, A. H. Z., 1873 (Effects of Atrop. on conjunctiva); 18 , Virch. Arch., 49, 450 (1/2 gr. in sol.); 19 , Virch. Arch., 48 (Effects of instillation into eye); 20 , Chittenden, Med. Invest., 11, 478 (Effects from applying a sol. of 1 gr. to 1/2 dr. of water to a hollow tooth); 21 , Hughes, poisoning of a boy 3 1/2 years old, by a solution of 1/2 gr. of Atropia, B. J. of Hom., v. 20; 22 , Grandi, in Pereira, Experiments with Atropine, 1/16 to 1 gr. (see Hughes's Monograph on Belladonna); 23 , Leach, Med. Times, 1865 (from Hughes); 24 , Am. Journ. Hom. Mat. Med., Nov., 1872, from Atropia, gr. 1/200, bisquater die, in a case of ulcer of stomach in a man of 40 (from Hughes); 25 , Rose, Brit. Journ. of Hom., 27, 225 (from Hughes); 26 , Pereira, Elem. of Mat. Med., 4th ed., London, 1855 (from Hughes); 27 , Trousseau and Pidoux (from Hughes); 28 , Practitioner, 4, 372 (from Hughes); 29 , Ringer, in Practitioner, vol. 9 (from Hughes).

MIND. Emotional.

Frenzied with excitement, 20.
A long chill, followed by delirium, which had some resemblance to the subdelirium of certain typhoid fevers, 19.
Immediately upon closing the eyes, after retiring the mind would become filled with strange and fanciful ideas, rambling, incoherent speech, spectral illusions, with frequent fits of wild, uncontrollable laughter. The delirium and spectral illusions continued through the night, during which time I fancied myself afflicted with epilepsy, and was constantly fearful lest others should discover my unfortunate condition; was nearly oblivious to all that transpired during the latter part of the night, but know from the bruises received and the sensations of pain occasionally experienced upon coming in contact with a stove, chair, table or some solid body, that it was passed in the wildest delirium (first day), 2.
Busily influenced by pleasing illusions and delusions, meddling with everything in his way, picking at and handling imaginary objects in the air, and accompanying his acts by muttering and smiling, or with loud chattering, interrupted by subdued laughter, 8.
Frightful phantasies, 15.
Spectral illusions (first night), 4.
On lying in bed, began to pick at specks and at the air, 15.
Picking at the bedclothes as if searching for something lost, with confused mutterings (first night), 4.
At times, while it seemed to him that he was fully conscious, saw persons at the bedside and slowly reached out to grasp them, but his hand would pass through the object and no sense of touch tell him that there was any material in the apparition; saw books and newspapers and tried to grasp them, but they would either recede or the hand would come in contact with them and feel nothing, 4. [10.]
Mind has been wandering considerable of the time through the afternoon; often thinks he is spoken to and answers imaginary questions (after ten hours), 3.
The symptoms during this period, six to nine hours after, exactly resembled those of delirium tremens. There was incessant rambling, great restlessness, a grasping at imaginary objects, and occasional screaming from fright. The character of the delirium varied; sometimes the child saw objects with frightened him, and the utmost terror was depicted on his countenance, and he clung to his nurse's neck, or threw himself violently in different directions as if to escape them. Later, the delusions were of a more pleasurable kind, imaginary playing with toys, drawing, eating, etc., 21.
Frequently, through the forenoon, thought that persons in the room spoke to me, and would carry on conversation with these imaginary beings (second day), 2.
Now and then, he seems to have almost a consciousness of what transpires about him, so that, at times, he returns an answer, when addressed, whose commencement shows that he understood, but which passes into irrelevant, senseless talk, 18.
As to my sensations, they were not blunted, but I misinterpreted them. Thus, I felt a wet cloth on my head, but supposed I had been out in the rain without my hat; and a dose of bromide of potassium given to me I recognized as a saline solution, but imagined it was mineral water from the Airthry Springs which I had tasted on the spot some ten days before, 11.
The patient is busied with subjects which at other times occupy his mind, politics and struggles consequent on his relations in life, 18.
Very restless and delirious, talking constantly about his affairs apparently, 11.
Meddlesome delirium, and he will require attention to prevent him from getting out of bed, 8.
When put to bed, he struggles to rise almost incessantly, 11. [20.]
He jumped out of bed several times, and insisted on dressing himself, 11.
Keeps his eyes closed, but on being spoken to loudly looks at speaker; caught perhaps one word or a part of a sentence, repeated it, and said, "Oh, I shall lose my train," 11.
Expostulates with those who try to lead him to bed; says he will lose the train, that all things are packed up, and that he must start immediately, 11.
Resists when being undressed, saying continually that he will lose the train. Tries to put on his trousers and fasten his necktie, 11.
I imagined I had to go off by a railway train, which started at ten in the morning, and that the hour was approaching, whilst I had nothing ready for the journey; and I believed that I wished to dress and to pack my things, but was thwarted and prevented by the people about me. At length I was persuaded that it was too late to catch the train, and agreed to wait till evening, 11.
Insisted repeatedly that her blood did not circulate, and that her feet must be put into warm water or she should die, 20.
Talked confusedly and almost unintelligible nonsense, on waking in morning, 18.
Agitation and delirium, worse at night, 19.
Violent delirium and restlessness (after four and a half hours), 8.
Delirious and a little drowsy, 11. [30.]
Delirium followed by stupor, 9.
Loud cries without any pains, 13.
Sadness, 140.
Mentally either very sad, depressed in constant anxiety and restlessness, fearful of misfortune, or angry and inclined to be alone, seldom lively, 1.
Apprehensiveness followed his internal restlessness, and soon amounted to great anxiety, 1.
Not quarrelsome or ill-tempered, but attempts to reason, 11.
Very sensitive, 15.
Constantly fretful, 1.
I then became sensible that I was lifted into bed, and ordered on no account to rise, which I thought a most unreasonable restraint; especially as I was tormented with irritation in the bladder, and almost incessant desire to pass urine, which was in very small quantity, 11.
Was generally restless and unmanageable, refusing to answer, to swallow, or to be examined; appeared profoundly intoxicated (after one hour), 8. [40.]
Evidently unconscious and very irritable, striking his mother when she took him from the nurse (after one hour), 21.
Incoherent quarrelling (after eight hours), 8.
Morose, quarrelsome the whole day, everything went wrong; trifles which usually passed unheeded irritated him to anger, 1.
Desire to scold and quarrel, 1.
Intellect.
Upon making vigorous efforts to arouse him, he also exhibited some signs of consciousness, 10.
When he closes his eyes the mind becomes confused and he sees all sorts of spectres (after thirteen hours), 5.
Mind confused; would commence a sentence, and forget what she wished to say, 20.
Feel as though awakened from a dream (second day), 2.
Appears dull and stupid (after ten hours), 3.
Has only vague ideas of anything she said, or of what transpired that evening, 20.
When left to himself he did not appear to drop off into coma as do those who have taken opium, but would occasionally open his eyes with a vacant, amaurotic expression, and turn his head from side to side, 10. [50.]
At first, a slowness of intelligence; ideas and replies are imperfect and indifferent, 22.
Dull and stupid all the afternoon (after six hours), 5.
Cannot be made to understand where he is, that he is ill, or that he must keep quiet, 11.
First, indolence of mind, then vertigo, and a condition of commencing intoxication, 9.
Feels dull and not inclined to move about or to converse (after one hour), 5.
Indisposition for mental labor, 1.
No desire for his ordinary mental labor, 1.
Prover was dull and disinclined to study for several days, 5.
For several days a difficulty of fixing the attention upon anything for more than a few minutes at a time, 2. [60.]
The prover was absent-minded at intervals for several days, and found difficulty in fixing his mind upon any subject for more than a few minutes at a time, 3.
Loss of memory (after eight hours), 8.
His memory is wrong, inasmuch as he thinks that what really happened from the eleventh to the twelfth, took place in the night from the tenth to eleventh (after sixth day), 18.
Am absent-minded and forgetful; when conversing often partly finishing a sentence; was often obliged to stop and inquire what I had been saying (second day), 2.
He recognizes, momentarily, members of the family; apparently notices when the door opens or one is busy about him, but, when spoken to, often turns his head to the wrong side, 18.
Unconscious, 15, 16.
Unconscious, with incoherent speaking at intervals, 11.
Comatose, 10.

HEAD

Confusion and Vertigo.
Head feels dull and unpleasant (after eleven hours), 2.
Dull sensation in the head, with feeling as if his hair had become matted into a thick felt (first day), 18. [70.]
Head very much confused; could be held up with difficulty, 1.
Head confused, as after a disturbed night; relieved on going into the open air (morning, second day), 1.
Dizzy confusion of the head, evenings, alternating with vivid phantasies; great fatigue of the whole body, and at times ringing in the ears, 1.
Some vertigo (after one hour), 3.
Some vertigo (after three hours), 3.
Considerable vertigo (after seven hours), 5.
Vertigo, in consequence of which I was obliged to lie down, 2.
Vertigo at intervals, lasting but a moment at a time (after one hour), 5.
Vertigo caused by turning the head quickly (after one hour), 5.
Considerable vertigo, particularly upon turning the head suddenly (after half an hour), 4. [80.]
Vertigo and confusion of the head, on waking, which increased on rising; vertigo so that he came near falling, 1.
Vertigo on rising in the morning, so that it became dark before his eyes, 1.
Has had slight vertigo at intervals during the forenoon (second day), 4.
Slight vertigo and pressure in the temples with little or no pain (after a quarter of an hour), 4.
Awoke very dizzy; cannot walk across the floor, but staggers towards objects for support (after three hours), 3.
Giddiness, 8.
Giddiness, heaviness, drowsiness, or actual sleep, with great tendency to dreamy delirium, and, in women, slight occasional startings (from 1/48 grain), 8.
Awoke still feeling quite dizzy (second day), 3.
Continued giddy, but walked steadily, though slowly and cautiously, 8.
Dizziness upon moving the head suddenly (after eleven hours), 2. [90.]
Dizziness upon moving the head quickly (second day), 2.
Dizziness when attempting to walk (after two hours), 2.
Pains.
Head hot (after four hours), 2.
Head very hot, 1.
Head hot (after ten minutes), 3.
Head feels hot (after one hour), 5.
Head and face much flushed and hot; pulse full, bounding, and irregular, 11.
Head subjectively warm, but not painful; cold applications are grateful (second day), 18.
Head feels full and uncomfortable (after two hours), 2.
Feeling as if the head was screwed up; walking caused the most severe sticking pains; relieved toward 11 A.M., and disappeared by evening, 1.* [100.]
Dull pain in the head continues, with dizziness upon moving suddenly (third day), 2.
Sticking pains in the base of the skull, and especially over the eyes, on every motion, and especially on stepping, 1.*
Sensation of fulness in the anterior part of the brain (after one hour), 3.
Slight pain in the antero-superior cerebral region, coming on shortly after taking the drug, continuing through the night and next day, 2.
Headache commencing in the middle of the forehead (fifteen minutes), 1.
Fulness in the forehead, and head hot, but at no time any throbbing of the carotids or arteries of the head, 2.
Slight fulness in the front part of the head, and dilatation of the pupils, 2.
Dull pain in the forehead, with dizziness on moving suddenly, 2.
Pressive pain in forehead, 7.
Fine, drawing, very sensitive stitches across the forehead and temples; recurred every four to ten minutes, and lasted several seconds or a minute, 1.* [110.]
Slight pain in the temples (after half an hour), 3.
Very slight pain in the temples and eyes (after twelve hours), 4.
Fulness of temples and also of forehead, with very slight pain; can scarcely walk, am so dizzy, 2.
A feeling of fulness and pressure at the temples, 2.
Slight pressure in the temples (after one hour), 5.
Feeling in the head as though the temples were being pressed from without: pressure worse on the right side (after one hour), 5.
Dull pain in the temples, coming on at intervals of perhaps a quarter of an hour, and lasting a few minutes . This pain is not severe, but seems like a deep heavy pressure; at other times it is a steady tension in the anterior cerebral region, as if the brain was being pressed outward in all directions (first day), 2.*
Has a dull bruised feeling in the temples (after nine hours), 5.
Very sensitive sticking in the left temporal region on waking in the morning; it extended to behind the ear, and scarcely permitted him to open his left eye; disappeared after moving about in the open air, 1.*
Throbbing in the temporal regions (after ten minutes), 3. [120.]
Feeling of pressure under the parietal bones, 8.

ATROPINUM. EYES

In General.
Strange appearance of the eyes, as though projected from their sockets (after one and a half hours), 20.
Eyes appear fixed and glassy (first day), 2.
Eyes look glassy and congested (after one hour), 3.
Glittering, excited eyes, 15.
Eyes restless (after one hour), 8.
Eyes move restlessly hither and thither (ordinarily, his look is not steady), 18.
Simple inflammatory swelling of the mucous membrane, with muco-purulent secretion, often accompanied by swelling of the lachrymal sac, occasionally with less swelling, but more marked hyperæmia and flow of tears, 17.
Eyes considerably congested, but the pupils have scarcely commenced to dilate (after one hour), 5.
Eyes feel wearied (second day), 2. [130.]
Considerable pain and lachrymation, 17.
Slight pain in the eyes continued for about two hours, accompanied part of the time by an unpleasant sensation of fulness and pressure in the anterior part of the head, making me restless and uneasy, 2.
Eyes feel swollen, and pain in the eyes and temples slightly increased with each pulsation of the heart (after twelve hours), 4.
Dull pain in the eyes and head, 2.
Dull pain in the eyes, and slight pain in the temples (after one hour), 1.
Deepseated dull pain in the back part of the eye (after ten minutes), 3.
Eyes and lids feel sore to the touch (after nine hours), 5.
Brow, Lids, Etc.
Sharp pain under the right eye, with slight pain in the temples (after four hours), 2.*
Neuralgic pains, commencing under the left orbit, and running back to the ear, lasting perhaps ten minutes at a time, and then disappearing for fifteen or twenty; these have been noticed for several hours (second day), 3.*
Redness and excoriation of the skin of the eyelids, 17. [140.]
Eyelids swollen (after one hour), 3.
About 9 P.M. eyelids felt heavy and difficult to keep open ; yet she had no inclination to sleep, 20.*
Dull, heavy, aching pain in the eyelids, not severe (second day), 3.
Eyelids feel sore, are red an congested (second day), 3.
I have myself once or twice experienced slight congestion of the entire conjunctiva, with dryness of the membrane and dull aching pain in the eyeball, after the use of a very weak solution of Atropia. On one occasion this condition followed the instillation of 12 drops of a solution of 1 part of Sulphate of Atropia in 400,000 parts of water, 8.
Slight injection of the conjunctival membrane, 8.
Conjunctivæ vividly injected (after one hour), 8.
Acute erysipelatous inflammation and swelling of the conjunctiva and eyelids, 17.
Atropine conjunctivitis, 17.
Severe pain in the left eyeball (after nine hours), 5. [150.]
Slight pain in the eyes continued; it is as if the eyeballs were pressed from without in every direction (after twelve hours), 3.
Pupils not unusually dilated, but perfectly immovable, 10.
Pupils dilated, 7.
Pupils somewhat dilated, 2.
Pupils very much dilated; spectral illusions continue (second day), 2.
Both pupils dilated, but not ad maximum, 18.
Excessive dilatation of pupils (first day), 2.
Complete mydriasis, 14.
Pupils are still dilated; can see to read quite distinctly for a few minutes, after which the letters, words, and lines run together and become indistinct (second day), 3.
Dilatation and immobility of the pupils, 9. [160.]
Pupils slightly dilated; conjunctiva not injected, 11.
Pupils still dilated, with diplopia (second day), 4.
Pupils considerably dilated; vertigo increasing (after one hour), 4.
Vision.
Dimness of slight (after a quarter of an hour), 8.
Dimness of vision (after eleven hours), 2.
Dimness of vision, and bright circles of a golden color dancing before the eyes, 12.
His difficulty in seeing small objects which were near him (the pupils were still dilated) was now the most prominent feature remaining of his illness (after twenty-four hours), 21.
Only a circular line of iris visible; was nearly blind; a thick cloud obstructed vision, and images were confused, with a reddish tinge (after one hour), 8.
Can see but little; pupils considerably dilated, but contract readily under the influence of light (after three hours), 3.
Objects appear at first enveloped in a white vapor; the contours are no longer distinct; if the doses is increased, almost complete blindness may ensue, 22. [170.]
Disturbance of vision; objects seem enveloped in a cloud (the obscuration increases with the dose); even complete blindness ensues, but disappears in a day or two after ceasing the medicine, 9.
Vision obscured; pupils dilated; eyeballs injected; she seems to see nothing about her, 13.
Could see nothing (first day), 18.
After looking at objects a few minutes, they become indistinct and fade from view (after two hours), 2.
While reading a book, the letters gradually grew indistinct, and seemed wavering before the eyes, 2.
Can see to read a little, but after a few words the letters grow indistinct, and am obliged to close the eyes to rest them (second day), 2.
While talking with persons, they suddenly vanish (second day), 2.
Eyes intolerant to light (second day), 2.
The eye is sensitive to the light held in front of it, which, however, does not affect the dilatation of the pupil, 18.
It is impossible to cause color-confusion by the use of Atropine, but partial color-blindness may be induced by either the internal or external use of it. The impressions made by color are altered by Atropine as regards strength exactly as they are by the different degrees of solar light on different days, 25. [180.]
On several occasions through the night she had vision of great numbers of white flies on the door, which was white, and requested that they brushed off. They were not in motion, and were rather smaller than the common housefly. This perversion of sight continued until noon of the following day, on closing the eyes, 20.
The medicine produced temporary bright spots and stars before the eyes, and a brilliant glow around the letters, which frightened him greatly, 24.
Bright flashes before the eyes, immediately on closing them (first night), 4.
On one occasion my patient was much annoyed by the appearance of a large black bug, with veritable legs, a few inches below a black doorknob, 20.
On the following morning, imagining she saw a worm, "a thousand-legged worm," on her carpet, she sprang out of bed, and was found trying to find it; failing in this, she would look in another place and see it again. This illusion kept her busy some time, before fully satisfied of the fallacy. The color of the worm was brown, the predominating color of at the carpet, 20.
Illusions of sight; during the increasing dimness of vision, manifold pictures of gigantic figures, whirls, double images; enlarged appearance of all objects; laughable or frightful appearances of all kinds, 9.
Objects round or oval seem elongated; for example, the human figure was distorted so that the vertical diameter of the face seemed equal to the rest of the body; especially prominent were the nose and chin, which seemed of considerable length, and their margins enveloped in a mist; these appearances lasted some hours, for as I woke at half-past three, these images still floated clearly before the eyes; the pupils (on the next day) were very large and sluggish, 1.
First noticed diplopia (after five hours), 3.
The next day these appearances were verified, though in a less degree; all objects seemed really elongated, especially the ears looked like Midas ears, and seemed to overtop the head; a round rubber ball looked eggshaped; the table looked oval rather than round (lasted till 10 A.M.), 1.
Vision much impaired; the figures on the carpet, which were large, appeared to be constantly and successively rising up to her face (perpendicular diplopia, the apparent object below the real one), 20. [190.]
As late as a week she still experienced a sense of giddiness, and the figures on the carpet would at times appear to her double, 20.
Quick rotation and duplication of objects, 9.
During the evening the eyes of the lady attendant seemed to her very large, and she could not avoid looking at them, 20.
Upon looking at a newspaper the letters seem to expand and contract with each pulsation of the heart; can read but little (second day), 4.
In attempting to walk, would reel and stagger, catch at objects which appeared to me in close proximity, but which in reality were far from my reach; would often stumble over objects which to me seemed to be many feet away (first day), 2.
Cannot estimate distances correctly; when asked to put his hand upon an object within his reach, he either reaches too far or not far enough (after seven hours), 5.
Entire loss of power to compare objects with the eye and determine their respective distances (first day), 2.

EARS

Throughout the succeeding night the hearing and sight were morbidly sensitive, 8.
At night, when the eyes were closed, though not sound asleep, he heard every noise and every voice in the room and yard, 1.
Exquisite sensibility of hearing, and frequent illusions of this sense also, 8. [200.]
His attention cannot be attracted without speaking loudly to him, 11.
Perceptions of noise, tinkling sounds as of bells, etc., 22.
Some roaring in ears, 7.
Illusions of hearing, ringing, roaring, etc., 9.

NOSE

Mucous membrane of the nose dry (after one hour), 3.
Dryness of the mucous membrane of the nose and eye, 8.
The dryness (of the throat) very often extends to the mucous membrane of the lower passage of the nares, 8.
He sneezed and rubbed his nose frequently, 21.

FACE

Expression of mania, 15, 21.
Looks and acts as if he had been on a "spree" (after seven hours), 5. [210.]
Pale, slightly sweating face, 7.
Flushing of the face, 8.
Face flushed (after one hour), 8.
Flushed face; burning in the face (after a quarter of an hour), 4.
Face slightly red, 13.
*Face hot and very red, 20.
Face red, with white spots, 15.
*Twitching of the facial muscles, especially around the mouth and lids, 13.
Only the reddened face is warmer than the rest of the body, 18.
Parched state of the lips, 8.
Mucous membrane of the lips dry and parched; water affords no relief (after two hours), 2.

MOUTH

Teeth and Tongue. [220.]
Teeth and lips dry, and covered with sordes, 11.
Teeth feel "on edge" (first day), 2.
Tongue slightly coated white (second day), 3.
Tongue thickly coated with whitish mucus (after one hour), 3.
Tongue thickly coated with a dirty gray fur (second day), 11.
Tongue coated whitish on margins, and yellow in middle, 18.
Tip and edges of the tongue light red; tongue trembles when protruded from the mouth (after one hour), 5.
Anterior part of the tongue or whole of the dorsum, excepting a wide margin, will be found dry, brown, and rough, 8.
The mucous layer of the tongue becomes completely dry, brown, and hard (1/40 grain), 8.
Tongue trembles when protruded (after three hours), 3. [230.]
When asked to protrude the tongue he does it with difficulty, and only after considerable effort; cannot move the tongue about in the mouth at will, 3.
The tongue (shown one when desired), was protruded with difficulty and incompletely, 18.
Tongue thick, cannot articulate distinctly (first night), 4.
The tongue and other muscles assisting in speech were difficult to move, 18.
Tongue seemed partially paralyzed, 20.
Tongue moist, coated whitish-yellow (second day), 18.
Tongue dry and furred (after forty-eight hours), 8.
Dorsum of tongue dry an parched, and the entire roof of the mouth and velum palati dry and glazed, 8. [240.]
Complete dryness of the tongue, roof of the mouth, and soft palate, extending more or less down the pharynx and larynx, rendering the voice husky, and often inducing dry cough and difficult deglutition, 8.
Dryness of tongue and fauces (immediately), 3.
Mouth.
The mouth opens but little; masticator muscles rigid, 18.
Thick, viscid, or slimy mucus in the mouth, 3.
Thin coating of viscid, slimy, white mucus over the entire buccal cavity (second day), 3.
Mucous membrane of mouth dark-red (second day), 5.
Loss of sensation in the buccal cavity, with complete loss of taste. When swallowing water from a tumbler, I could not be persuaded that I had drank any until convinced by looking into the glass (first day), 2.
Can drink water without difficulty, but produces no sensation in the mouth or throat, except a slight feeling of coldness; is scarcely aware when he swallowed it (second day), 3.
The hard and soft palate perfectly dry and glazed, 8.
Buccal cavity feels hot (after one hour), 3.
Saliva, Taste, and Speech. [250.]
Great dryness of the mouth, 20.
Mucous membranes of mouth dry, 18.
Dryness of the fauces, seems extending over the whole mouth, 2.
Dryness of the throat has extended over the entire buccal cavity (after two hours), 2.
Mouth very dry, so dry that upon inserting the finger, it will not be moistened (after two hours), 2.
Food will remain in the mouth for minutes without becoming moistened in the least, 5.
The hard palate and the anterior part of the tongue and the soft palate dry, but not parched or glazed, 8.
Dryness of the mouth continued through the night, 2.
Dryness of the mouth has increased and now extends to the lips, which feel dry and parched (after half an hour), 3.
Those parts of the mouth which are adjacent ot the median plane are so completely parched that they fail to impart the least moisture to a bit of bibulous paper of sugar, kept in contact with them for several minutes. It is observable that this dryness is greatest along the median line and on either side of it, and that after moderate doses it extends only a short way outwards. Dryness of the lips, the buccal mucous membrane, and the pillars of the fauces, only occurs after large doses; but a very moderate dose is required to render the central part of the tongue dry and parched from back to front, and the hard and soft palates and back of the œsophagus as dry and glazed as a piece of paper, 8. [260.]
Mouth very dry; no thirst; cannot feel the passage of water through the mouth or throat when drinking (after ten minutes), 3.
Mouth and tongue very dry, with great difficulty in swallowing (after one and a quarter hours), 4.
Dryness in the mouth, and especially in the throat, reached such a degree that on attempting to eat a piece of bread and butter he could not swallow it, unless he took water (two to three hours), 14.
Dry mouth and fauces, 9.
Dryness of the mouth and fauces increased, so that swallowing became almost impossible, 1.
Gradually increasing dryness in mouth and fauces (in two hours), which became so severe in one hour that he could not speak a word, and the tongue almost stuck to the roof of the mouth, 7.
Could swallow no breakfast on account of deficiency of buccal secretions to moisten the food (second day), 3.
Had great difficulty in swallowing food, on account of non-secretion of saliva; food will remain in the mouth for minutes without becoming moistened in the least (after one hour), 5.
While the mouth continues in the dry condition above described, the salivary glands appear quiescent, and the morbid state of the tongue and palate renders it difficult, it not impossible, to excite a flow of saliva by gustatory impressions; but they readily pour out abundance of secretion when an appropriate stimulus reaches them. In a patient who was suffering from severe neuralgia of the face, associated with profuse salivation, the secretion was in no degree diminished when, as occasionally happens, a severe paroxysm of pain came on during the action of a full dose of Atropia, 8.
Stoppage of secretion of saliva; smoking does not bring any saliva into the mouth, 3. [270.]
After continuing, about two hours, the dryness of the mouth is suddenly relieved by the appearance of a viscid acid secretion of an offensive odor, like the sweat of the feet. The mouth becomes foul and clammy, and a bitter coppery taste is complained of, 8.
Excessive secretion of saliva (second day), 3.
Everything tastes salt (after one hour), 5.
Same slimy taste in the mouth (after three hours), 3.
Slight sweetish taste in the mouth, 3.
Food all tastes alike, like sawdust; tastes dry and cannot be swallowed except by washing it down with some liquid, owing to the deficiency of secretion of saliva (after two hours), 2.
Food is tasteless (after half an hour), 3.
Difficult speech, 9.
Speech thick, probably from dryness of the mouth and throat, 11. [280.]
After many days action of Atropia, there manifested itself a slowness and embarrassment of articulation of words, 22.
Frequent stuttering, especially at words difficult to pronounce (never used to do so), (sixth day), 18.
Articulation indistinct, rapid, and chattering, 20.

THROAT

Slight throbbing or heaving sensation in the carotids, 8.
Mucous membrane of the throat slightly darker than in health, and presents a mottled appearance (second day), 3.
Constant choking in the throat, which was soon followed by an almost complete inability to swallow, with a feeling as if seized by the throat, 1.
In a few minutes a feeling of dryness in the throat, causing constant inclination to cough, 2.
On the third day he complained of sore throat, and inability to pass his water, 10.
Intense feeling of dryness in the throat, which abated toward morning, 11.
Shortly after taking the drug, a sensation of dryness in the throat, 2. [290.]
Dryness of the throat and feeling of pressure in the anterior and superior cerebral regions, 2.
Great dryness of throat and mouth (twenty to forty minutes), 8.
Violent burning in throat, 13.
Burning in throat and stomach, 13.
Slight feeling of fulness in the throat (after half an hour), 5.
Soreness of throat increasing till quite hoarse (after eleven hours), 5.
Throat has been quite sore for the past six hours; pain upon swallowing (second day), 4.
Throat feels raw and irritated (second day), 3.
Throat feels raw and sore (after seven hours), 5.
Drops of white mucus sticking to the uvula (after ten minutes), 3. [300.]
Fauces and uvula red (after ten minutes), 3.
Slight dryness of the fauces, 2.
Dryness of the fauces (in two hours), 7.
Feeling of dryness in the throat, causing constant inclination to cough; swallowing water affords relief, 3.
Swallowing difficult, but not impossible, 18.
Feeling in mouth and throat made her think she "could not swallow," but when impressed with the necessity of so doing, she drank with avidity the warm water offered, though at first is seemed quite difficult, 20.
Swallowing appeared to give pain, manifested by grimaces and increased spasms of the facial muscles, 10.*
There was great difficulty in getting the child to swallow, each attempt to do so producing paroxysms of suffocation , which appeared to threaten his existence, 21.*
Difficult deglutition, every attempt to swallow caused suffocation, 15.*
Dysphagia , parallel with the dryness of the fauces, 9. [310.]
Difficulty in swallowing on account of dryness of the throat, 2.*

STOMACH

With constant hunger, was soon satisfied, the food seemed tasteless, 1.
Increased desire for salt food (anchovies, herrings, smoked meats, etc.), 1.
Ate a light supper, having to wash the food down with water (after seven hours), 5.
Aversion to meat and beer; beer increased the empty feeling in the stomach and caused a painful pressure; this aversion to beer and the unpleasant symptoms caused by it continued through the whole proving, 1.
Appetite wanting (second day), 18.
Loss of appetite (becomes after the drug-influence violent hunger), 9.
No thirst, in spite of the dryness of the throat, 9.
Thirst moderate (second day), 18.
Frequently asks for water to drink, 11. [320.]
Thirst, greatly increased, threefold, 1.
Frequent empty eructations without relief, 7.
He had eructations tasting like the yolk of eggs, at intervals through the day (after ten hours), 3.
Nausea (after quarter of an hour), 8.
Slight nausea (after one hour), 3.
Slight nausea (after ten minutes), 3.
Slight nausea, lasting but a few minutes; these coming on again after an interval of half an hour (first day), 2.
Nausea, and transient inclination to vomit, 7.
Fruitless vomiting of colorless mucus, and afterward of green bitter fluid after the morning vertigo, 1.
Vomiting, readily induced by drinking warm fluids (after two and a half hours), 8. [330.]
Vomiting after drinking milk, 13.
Hurried from bed and vomited profusely; easy vomiting of a watery fluid, tasting bitter at first, nearly tasteless afterwards; during the vomiting, very severe sticking pains in the umbilical region; vomited about five minutes, and then staggered back to bed (after eleven hours), 4.
Great distress in the epigastrium which seemed indescribable, 20.
Uncomfortable sensation in stomach (in fifteen minutes), 7.
Uneasy sensation in the stomach, accompanied by frequent empty eructations, affording no relief. The uneasiness, which gradually became associated with nausea and retching, increased to a pressing, sticking, and contractive pain, accompanied with frequent empty eructations. This spasm of the stomach, which was attended with paleness of the face, slight perspiration, singing in the ears, and an aching pain in the forehead, lasted two hours, 7.
Beer caused a constrictive pain in the stomach like a stomach-cramp, which obliged him to sit down, was increased by walking; with copious eructations of air; though this pain steadily increased it completely disappeared after three hours, 1.
Some sensitiveness to very strong pressure in gastric region (after fourteen hours), 18.
Much relief after vomiting, produced by copious draughts of warm water, 20.

ABDOMEN

Abdomen a little tense (after fourteen hours), 18.
Abdomen swollen and tense, but not tympanitic; upon pretty firm pressure upon it, patient gave signs of suffering, 10.

STOOL AND ANUS. [340.]

Paralysis of the sphincters of the rectum and bladder, 9.
Paralysis of sphincter ani with involuntary fecal discharges (in three patients, from 1 1/2 grain and upwards), 9.
Hurried from bed by urgent desire to stool, followed by very copious watery stool coming with a gush. This stool relieved the pain in the umbilical region (after thirteen hours), 4.
Another copious stool (after fourteen hours), 4.
Arose and immediately had another copious, watery stool (second day), 4.
During stool, felt badly generally, weak and terribly nervous, with general perspiration, 20.
In the stool, thin fluid seemed to be mixed with urine (after three hours), 18.
Stool, only two to four days (in health, daily), 1.
No evacuation for five days, and then only induced artificially, 18.

URINARY ORGANS

Tenesmus and frequent desire to pass urine (after four and a half hours), 8. [350.]
Frequent desire to micturate, passing only a moderate quantity of urine, 11.
Constant and frequent desire to pass water, but inability to do so, 11.
Incontinence of urine, and involuntary fecal discharges, 9.
Urine profuse; first at 6 P.M. (after twelve hours), 18.
Has had profuse urination for the past twenty-four hours (second day), 3.
Urine passed slowly and increased in quantity (after three hours), 5.
Frequent micturition at night, 18.
On the night of the first day, between 10 and 1 o'clock, was compelled to urinate as often as ten or fifteen minutes, without pain. The quantity voided was profuse and almost colorless, 20.
Urine and thirst increased, 1.
Urine not increased, notwithstanding the dryness of the skin, 1. [360.]
Passed very little urine, 8.
On the fourth day he passed his water in drops and with great difficulty, 10.
Catheterism was required during the next four days, 8.
Dysuria, or more or less complete retention of urine for two or three hours, or longer, invariably follows the action of a full medicinal dose of the drug, 8.
No urine for nine hours (first day), 18.
No urine passed for thirteen hours, 21.
He had passed no water since the preceding evening; bladder not distended, 10.
Urine clear and corresponded in amount to the water drank (increased), 1.
Urine acid, dark, brownish, without sediment, and containing Atropine, 18.

RESPIRATORY APPARATUS

Dry tickling cough, periodic, with a sore feeling in the throat and pressure on the chest; excited by speaking or smoking, 1.
Has had several paroxysms of coughing, caused by the collection of mucus in the throat, occurring once in fifteen or thirty minutes, attended with the difficult expectoration of a thick, tough mucus; after coughing, burning in the throat (second day), 3. [370.]
Small quantity of thick, frothy, white sputa is ejected at intervals (after ten minutes), 3.
Huskiness of voice (twenty to forty minutes), 8.
She tried to call out but her voice refused her, 13.
The voice is sometimes weakened, or there may be complete aphonia, 26.
Sensation of choking in an hour after the first application, 20.
Respiration 28, 18.

CHEST

Feeling of warmth as of a glow through the thoracic region (after half an hour), 4.

HEART AND PULSE

Heart's action irregular and apparently obstructed, 11.
Weak doses accelerate the heart and increase blood pressure; poisonous doses have the reverse effect, 8.
Distressing fluttering sensation in the cardiac region, 8.
Pulse of fair fulness and strength, 10. [380.]
Pulse very weak (after two hours), 8.
After ten or fifteen minutes, an acceleration of the pulse from 20 to 70 beats; no apparent change in volume, but a decided increase in the force of the cardiac contractions and of the arterial tone, 8.
Pulse accelerated, increased in volume and power (after ten and twenty minutes); if previously slow and feeble or intermitting, the change will be very decided; the acceleration amounts to 20 to 25 beats per minute; it will take place suddenly and attain its maximum within one or two minutes; after being maintained for half an hour a gradual decline takes place, and the heart soon returns to its state, and continues to beat as quickly and powerfully as before; just as the pulse rises a slight giddiness is often perceptible, 8.
Pulse sank at first ten beats, but soon began to rise, and in an hour and a half had increased forty beats, 1.
As moisture returns to the mouth, the pulse is observed to fall, and it now rapidly resumes its ordinary rate and character, 8.
She was able to rise in the morning, when the pulse was frequent, small, and irregular, and she complained of lassitude, 8.
Pulse 150, small and weak (after one hour), 8.
Pulse accelerated to 140, with increased tone, but diminished volume, 20.
Pulse 138 (after one hour), 5.
Pulse 136; heart's action greatly increased (after one hour), 5. [390.]
Pulse 132 (after one hour), 5.
Pulse 130, but not so full (after ten minutes), 3.
Pulse 130, and small, 13.
Pulse 124, 3.
Pulse 116 (after half an hour), 4.
Pulse 112 (after one hour), 4.
Pulse 112 (after one and a quarter hours), 4.
Pulse 112; is hot and feverish (after three hours), 5.
Pulse 112, lying down. Pulse had been taken until now when the prover was standing (after two hours), 5.
Pulse 110, irregular, generally full, but varying much at intervals, 11. [400.]
After twenty minutes , pulse 110, unchanged in volume and power, 8.
After one hour , pulse 108, unchanged, 8.
Pulse 108 (after forty-eight hours), 8.
Pulse 106-110; regular, somewhat fuller; pulsations more defined (after fourteen hours), 18.
Pulse 104 (after one hour), 3.
Pulse 104; regular, not full, easily compressed; the single pulsations not sharply defined (after three and a half hours), 18.
Pulse 96, full and soft; has been full and soft for several hours (after seven hours), 5.
Pulse 86, full and soft (second day), 3.
Pulse 76 (after twelve hours), 5.
Pulse, 72; full, distinct (after twenty-four hours), 18. [410.]
Pulse 60 (after thirteen hours), 5.

NECK AND BACK

Cold sensation along the spine, 1.

EXTREMITIES IN GENERAL

Weakness of the limbs, 1.
Partial paralysis of the arms and legs (after eight hours), 8.
In proportion as the doses of Atropia augment, the limbs, and especially the lower, though still under control of the will, become heavy and inactive, 22.
The feeling of numbness and heaviness in the limbs was so great that she feared the result of going to sleep lest she should never awaken, 20.
Extremities cold, 10.

UPPER EXTREMITIES

Constant, restless throwing about of the arms, hands, and fingers of both sides, similar to the movements in typhus delirium, 18.
Continual opening and closing the hands, and grasping at imaginary objects in the air (first day), 2.
Hands feel smooth and glassy (after ten minutes), 3. [420.]
Hands feel dry and glossy (after two hours), 2.
Slight numbness and prickling in the hands, extending to the tips of the fingers. The prickling soon ceased, but the numbness continued and increased, till in a short time there was complete loss of sensation (first day), 2.
Hands cold (after two hours), 8.
Numbness of fingers, with partial loss of sensation; cannot tell when I am holding small objects in the hand (after two hours), 2.
Numbness and partial loss of sensation in the fingers; feels as though he were holding a book in his hands, which he is afraid he will drop; upon taking a small object, as a pin, into his hand, it appears to him as though there were five or six of them (after one hour), 3.

LOWER EXTREMITIES

Dragged the legs when compelled to walk (after two hours), 8.
Stiffness in left knee and lower leg and in right great toe , though no pain (second day), 18.
Has had slight jactitation of muscles of legs (after thirteen hours), 5.
Has awakened several times in the night by spasmodic jerkings of the muscles of the legs (first night), 5. [430.]
Frequently wakened from sleep by sudden kicking out of the feet, 1.
Her "limbs felt like sticks;" thought she could not use them to walk across the room to the sofa, but with aid did so with considerable difficulty, 20.

GENERALITIES

After moderate doses the whole circulation is increased in force and rapidity. The force of the larger arteries is good, and if the circulation was previously slow, we find that they are usually increased in volume as well as in tone, 8.
Different parts of the body were affected with spasms, 10.
In women slight occasional startings, 8.
Occasional jactitation, 21.
Convulsive trembling in one or another muscle but never cramp; as consciousness disappeared these movements became automatic, as carphology, convulsions, 9.
For the past two hours has had occasional spasms of the voluntary muscles, particularly those of the extremities (after eight hours), 4.
During the last half hours has had several slight spasms of the muscles of the limbs and one of the entire body (after four hours), 3.
At times during the night when nearly lost in sleep, she would suddenly start as if frightened, 20.
Jerkings of muscles, particularly those of the legs, arms, and face. When attempting to drink from a glass, arm suddenly contracted and the water was spilled. While walking, the flexor muscles of one or both legs would suddenly contract, throwing me to the ground; do not dare to walk across the room for fear of falling (second day), 2. [440.]
Clonic cramp in face and extremities (moves arms forward in front of chest), 16.
Clonic spasms of the biceps flexor cubiti and of the muscles of the jaw, 10.
Spasms not diminished; could not hold a vessel of fluid in his hands nor carry it to his mouth, 10.
The spasms of the muscles above spoken of were increased by disturbing the patient; when left to himself, they come on at intervals of two or three minutes, 10.
Busy with his hands pulling the bedclothes about, 11.
Able to walk home, a distance of a mile; but when he reached the house he could not put the key into the door, "because he felt so stupid and shaky in the hand," and had to seek assistance, 8.
Displays considerable strength, but his movements are unsteady, as if he had lost come control over his limbs; for, when he tried to wipe mucus from his lips he raised his right hand with apparent difficulty a short way from his mouth, and then, with an effort and rather unsteady movement, raised his left hand and touched his lips, 11.
It was impossible to keep him in bed, and very difficult to prevent his walking about (after two hours), 11.
Restless, constantly tosses about in bed and moves the head to and fro, 13.
Restlessness, and frequently great nervous agitation of mind and body, 8. [450.]
Restless and slept none, 18.
Continued tossing about and changing position in bed; did not sleep any till next morning, 2.
Restlessness, a desire and inclination to perform all movements hastily and rapidly, becoming at last a desire to fight, so that the two provers who at the same time and place had taken the same dose, actually began to scuffle and wrestle, which they never before did, 1.
Has been nervous, wakeful for the last three hours (after eleven hours), 4.
Although I could move my body and limbs, it was only by a great effort, and when I raised my arms they fell as if made of lead. This I ascribed to partial paralysis of the motor nerves, and I watched with some interest the return of power as the night advanced, 11.
Gait unsteady, 14.
Gait weak, tottering, the person must at last lie down, 9.
Staggering, or complete inability to walk, 8.
Very weak and unsteady in his gait (sixth day), 18.
Very weak in the open air, 1. [460.]
Great weakness of muscular action, some transient but general trembling of the limbs, so that the gait was tottering, like a drunken person, 1.
Morning, felt very weak, could not decide to rise; lay in a half dreamy sleep; after he was dressed great desire to lie down again, 1.
Inability to rise, although he makes efforts to do so, 11.
Patient keeps the recumbent posture on his back, and only at times makes attempts (which are easily repressed) to rise up and get out of bed, 18.
Lies on left side, 16.
Sight and hearing morbidly sensitive (1 gr.), 8.
During the succeeding night he was morbidly sensitive to sounds and objects, with symptoms akin to the early stage of meningitis. Pulse in the morning 108, furred tongue and hot, dry skin, 23.
Felt faint, and greatly in need of fresh air, 20.
On asking loudly if he had any pain in the head, he replied, "No pains whatever," 11.
Torpor and paralytic trembling, 9. [470.]
Anæsthesia, absence of all pain, slight sensibility to painful pressure, only touch seems very little influenced, 9.
Thrusting pins into the skin causes no sensation of pain; water, either warm or cold, glides over the surface of the body without moistening it or producing any appreciable sensation. This anæsthesia continued several hours (first day), 2.
Lost the power to estimate distances, either by the eye or touch; touching an object does not produce the slightest sensation. Upon attempting to place the hand upon a table, cannot tell when the hand touches it (first day), 2.
Was unable to feel the arms and legs, and being alarmed called for help (after one-quarter of an hour), 8.
General discomfort, 14.

SKIN

Redness of the skin (after thirty to sixty minutes), 9.
Skin burning hot and dry, red; child scratched it, 15.
Skin feels hot hand dry; lips covered with dry mucus, 11.
Skin very dry and hot with a general feeling of biting and tickling as from vermin (forty minutes), 1.
Skin hot and pungent, 11. [480.]
Skin pungently hot and dry, and covered with a rash closely resembling that of scarlatina, which the child was frequently scratching, 21.
The skin of the whole body began to feel tinged (?) and swollen (after fifteen minutes). In about an hour and a half it was covered with a rash precisely similar to that of scarlatina, 28.

SLEEP AND DREAMS

Gaped very often, and said he should soon be asleep if he were in bed, 8.
Tendency to sleep (after one hour), 8.
Somnolency, 8.
Somnolency and perversion of ideas, 9.
Somnolency, with sometimes a little flushing of the face (from gr. 1/60), 8.
Feels drowsy and not inclined to speak or move about (second day), 3.
Felt sleepy and a little giddy, 8.
Heaviness, drowsiness, or actual sleep, with a great tendency to dreamy delirium, 8. [490.]
Had slept, and continued very drowsy, 8.
Was restless and uneasy through the night, but slept considerable of the time (second day), 3.
Was very restless through the night; dreamed of running horses; of playing baseball; of amputating a man's leg; saw dim, shadowy forms sitting or standing by the bedside or moving in the air (first night), 5.
Arose feeling uneasy and unrefreshed (second day), 2.
Arose, feeling weary and unrefreshed (second day), 5.
Insomnia, 8.
Insomnia (after eight hours), 8.
Wakeful and delirious (after eight hours), 8.
Sleeplessness till one at night and then frightful dreams, 1.
He will have little or no inclination to sleep, but instead of this a little moderate delirium (from gr. 1/32), 8. [500.]
Troubled by dreams, and at intervals disturbed by a start. A fancied noise is a common cause of awakening, and at these times the patient generally manifests a little delirium, 8.
Dreams pleasant, of flying in the air, etc., so that he woke in the morning happy and continued so the whole day, 1.
Frightful dreams; wake from sleep three times in the night, 1.
Dreams of being frightened, pursued, great exertion, etc., etc., all of which fatigued him, some of which made him powerless, and he rejoiced, when wakened by a loud cry, to be rid of his unnatural state. His wife said that he was restless and sighed during sleep, 1.

ATROPINUM. FEVER

Skin rather cool than warm on forehead and head, 18.
Chilliness and cramp, and tingling of the extremities (after one hour), 8.
Internal coldness with external burning heat of the whole body; toward 6 P.M., it became so great that he was apprehensive, and so restless that he could not remain anywhere; he hurried home expecting misfortune; scarcely had he entered the house when he had to seek the open air, only to return again to the house; at 7 1/2 P.M., he lay down hoping that the restlessness would go away by sleep; could not sleep till toward eleven; he tossed about in bed, with audible and perceptible palpitation and anxiety as great as if he had committed a great crime, 1.
General diffusion of warmth, 8.
Skin hot (after forty-eight hours), 8.
The skin is hot and pungent, face flushed, veins of forehead tinged, and head burning, 11. [510.]
Slight elevation of the temperature of the surface, rarely exceeding 1° and a still slighter and less appreciable rise of the internal temperature of the body, 8.
Temperature 100° (after twenty-four hours), 18.
Temperature 102° (after fourteen hours), 18.
Temperature frequently varied, now glowing heat, now cold over the back (cold predominated), 1.
Alternate heat and chill, a violent tension of the chest, with dyspnœa, and feebleness of the pulse (from tasting Atropia), 27.
Atropia checks sweating, whether physiological or morbid, 29.

CONDITIONS

Aggravation.
( Morning ), Talked confusedly, etc.; on rising, vertigo; on waking, very dizzy; on waking, sticking in left temporal region; felt very weak.
( Night ), Immediately upon closing eyes, after retiring, delirium; agitation, etc.; frequent micturition.
( Toward 6 P.M .), Internal coldness, etc.; of the whole body.
( In open air ), Very weak.
( Beer ), Caused pain in stomach.
( Upon closing eyes ), Mind becomes confused, etc.
( After coughing ), Burning in throat.
( After drinking milk ), Vomiting.
( Every motion ), Pains in base of skull, etc.
( Periodic ), Dry cough, etc.
( Each pulsation of heart ), Pain in eyes, etc.
( Rising ), Vertigo, etc.
( Stepping ), Pains in base of skull, etc.
( Turning head quick ), Vertigo.
( During the vomiting ), Pain in umbilical region.
( On waking ), Vertigo, etc.
( Walking ), Severe sticking pains; pain in stomach.
( Drinking warm fluids ), Vomiting.
Amelioration.
( Evening ), Pains in head disappear.
( Towards morning ), Dryness in throat.
( Toward 11 A.M .), Pains in head.
( Going into open air ), Confusion in head.
( After moving about in open air ), Sticking in left temporal region.
( Sitting ), Feels better.
( Standing ), Feels better.

SUPPLEMENT: ATROPINUM. Authorities.

30 , Dr. Chassaignac (Gaz. des Hôp., January, 1853), Am. Journ. of Med. Sci., vol. lii, p. 540, 3 or 4 drops of a solution made with 5 centigrams of Atropine in 30 grams of water, acidulated with acetic acid, were dropped into the eye of a man suffering with cataract; 31 , Dr. Bethune, Bost. Med. and Surg. Journ., vol. lvi, 1857, p. 201, made three successive applications to the eye, of a solution of 2 grains to the drachm; 32 , M. T. Saddler, M.D., Med. Times and Gaz., 1868 (1), p. 391, a child, aged three months, took a teaspoonful of a mixture containing 1/200 grain of the sulphate in a fluid drachm, afterwards 6 drops; 33 , Geo. Lawson, Lancet, 1868 (1), 570, effects of the application of the sulphate to the eyes of two persons; 34 , S. R. Percy, M.D., Prize Essay, 1868, p. 15, took 1/10 grain of the sulphate in 1 ounce water; 35 , S. W. Gross, M.D., Am. Journ. of Med. Sci., Oct., 1869, p. 401, Mrs. H., aged forty-three, took 3 grains of Atropia, death; 36 , F. H. Parsons, M.D., Brit. Med. Journ., 1869 (2), p. 675, a man, aged forty-five years, swallowed less than 2 drachms of a solution of the sulphate; 37 , A. W. Stocks, Brit. Med. Journ., 1870 (1), 489, for an attack of lumbago, made a hypodermic injection of 6 minims of a solution containing 1 grain alkaloid to 2 drachms water, with relief, afterwards used the same quantity obtained from a different druggist; 38 , Drs. Millick and Kerper, Med. and Surg. Reporter, vol. xxvi, 1872, p. 257, a lady, for rheumatic iritis, took a solution containing about 1 grain Atropia, and immediately drank hot coffee; 39 , S. Buckley, Pharm. Journ., Third Series, vol. ii, 1872, p. 597, Mr. A. Harris, took some Atropia in food, death; 40 , Roderich Zeiss, Ueber die Werkung des Atropins auf den Puls., Jena, 1875; 41 , Dr. Hugo Magnus, Zehender's Klin. Monatsbl., 1876, p. 386, Royal Loud. Oph. Reports, 1877 (Am. Journ. of Med. Sci., New Series, No. 150, p. 569), effects on the eye; 42 , T. E. Murrell, M.D., Phila. Med. and Surg. Rep., Sept., 1876, p. 269, a man, aged forty years, took a solution of Atropia; 43 , Henry Gibbons, M.D., Pacific Med. and Surg. Journ., 1876, p. 466, a child, aged three years, took and indefinite quantity of a solution; 44 , R. L. Bowles, M.D., Brit. Med. Journ., 1876 (1), p. 533, dropped 4 drops of a solution of 4 grains to 1 ounce, into two persons eyes; 45 , E. Nettleship, ibid., p. 444, a woman, aged forty-four years, for iritis, applied a solution of the sulphate, 4 grains to 1 ounce, several times a day to the eye; 46 , J. Oscroft Tansley, Med. Rec., vol. xii, 1877, p. 334, a young woman, with tinnitus aurium in one ear, was given a solution of the sulphate, 4 grains to 1 ounce, to be instilled into the ear daily; 47 , same, a woman applied a plaster to the right side; 48 , E. Wilson, Lancet, 1878 (1), 165, a woman, aged forty-three years, and her daughter, aged thirteen years, drank a lotion containing 3 grains of the sulphate; 49 , A. S. Greenway, M. B., Brit. Med. Journ., 1878 (2), p. 516, Chas. S., aged forty-five years, took over a teaspoonful of Atropia; 50 , J. C. Mackenzie, M.D., Cincin. Lancet and Obs., Feb. 1878, p. 148, A. C. H., aged twenty-six years, took 20 grains of the sulphate; 51 , F. C. Holts, M.D., Chicago Med. Journ. and Examiner, vol. xxxviii, 1879, p. 43, a man, aged seventy-two years, applied a solution of Atropia to the eye for several days.

In twelve days she returned considerably disturbed in mind, saying she could not see well with the eye upon the same side as the ear in which the Atropia had been used. It was examined and found to be strongly under the action of Atropia, the other eye being normal, 46.
Acute glaucoma; the Atropia was dropped in to facilitate a proper examination of cataract. The right eye only was affected, though the drops had been put in both. The patient had been seen on two occasions before the Atropia was used, and there was no occasion to suspect any glaucomatous condition. The symptoms came on within a few hours of the drops being used, 41.
In one case there was acute conjunctivitis, lasting several days; in the other, erysipelas of the lids, spreading to the face and head, was excited on two occasions, a period of six months intervening, 33.
In four or five days she began to have difficulty in seeing with her right eye, being the eye upon the same side of the body to which the plaster had been applied. Upon examination the pupil was seen to be considerably enlarged, and the eye was undoubtedly strongly under the action of belladonna , the left eye being normal, 47. [520.]
Dr. Rothhaupt, aged twenty-five years, whose normal pulse was 60 to 64, at this time 64, injected 0.00025 gram Atropia; pulse gradually fell in five minutes to 52; during the next twenty minutes it fluctuated between 50 and 60; after twenty-six minutes it was 48; it slowly but gradually rose, until after an hour it regained its normal rate, and after an hour and a quarter continued regular at 60. Another man, aged twenty-five years, with pulse constantly at 68, took 0.0005 gram; after seven minutes pulse 60; after thirty-three minutes 68; thirty-eight minutes 72; sixty-two minutes 78; seventy-seven minutes 78; where it remained constant. K. R., aged forty-six years, injected 1/2 milligram; pulse rose to a maximum of 70 beats. R. Z., aged twenty-five years, with a pulse of 60; rose to a maximum of 68. B., aged twenty-five years, pulse 64; rose to a maximum of 74. O. Z., aged twenty-one yeas, pulse 60; rose to a maximum of 80. The same prover, K. R.; the pulse fell after ten to twenty minutes 10 beats. R. Z., the same. B.'s fell 10 beats in one to ten minutes. O. Z.'s fell 6 beats in ten to twenty minutes. Another series of experiments with 0.00075 gram; pulse 62, fell after twelve minutes to 48; after thirty-nine minutes it was 78; after forty-nine minutes 86; after which it gradually returned to the normal. Same man subsequently injected 0.001 gram (or 1 milligram), pulse 60; in seven minutes and three-quarters it fell to 52; after thirty minutes it was 102; after which it returned to the normal and did not fall below it. Another proving, with 1 1/2 milligram; pulse 68; in twelve minutes 52; in forty minutes 104; after which it gradually returned. After an injection of 1/4 milligram, the maximum fall of the pulse was reached in twenty-six minutes, and lasted fifty minutes. After 1/2 milligram the maximum was reached in sixteen minutes, and lasted forty-one minutes; after 3/4 milligram the maximum fall was reached in thirteen minutes, and lasted twenty-one minutes. After 1 milligram the maximum fall was reached in seven minutes and lasted fourteen minutes. After 1/4 milligram there was no rise in the pulse. After 1/2 milligram the maximum was reached in eight minutes, and it lasted fourteen minutes. After 3/4 milligram the maximum rise was reached in twenty-six minutes, and lasted one hundred and nineteen minutes. After 1 milligram the maximum rise was reached in forty-two minutes, and lasted one hundred and sixty-four minutes, 40.
In half an hour vertigo occurred, with wanderings of vision; In three-quarters of an hour all the symptoms of poisoning with Belladonna were present, flushed face, enormously dilated pupils, and incessant hallucinations. The patient drew his coverings over him, and attempted to seize objects that he saw in the air. On attempting to rise his legs failed under him, and he could not take two steps without being assisted. His pulse was 120 and full. In the evening he became more calm, but the bladder was distended, and he was unable to empty it, so that the catheter had to be used. He lost all recollection of his illness except his delirium and its accompaniments, 30.
Delirium, uncertainly in his gait, with absence of sleep and difficulty of swallowing. On the day after but one, he had another attack of delirium, somewhat resembling delirium tremens, seeing imaginary persons in the room, 31.
It had a distinct persistently bitter taste, and produced a numb sensation upon the tongue, somewhat similar, though less in degree, to that produced by aconite. In about ten minutes it produced a sense of nausea, which continued to increase until an effort was made to vomit. Although the effort at vomiting was made several times, nothing was thrown up. To this intense thirst succeeded, and a frontal headache, which was lessened by closing the eyes. Next a dryness was felt in the throat, and the tongue and mouth felt dry and feverish. These symptoms were not relieved, and only mitigated for a short time, by drinking water. This dryness of the throat increased, and was persistent for several hours, causing at first almost constant deglutition, and towards the last a strong effort to avoid deglutition, which had become painful. During the first tow hours the pulse was less frequent, but afterwards became smaller and more rapid. The eyes soon lost all control of distance; a printed book held at the usual distance was a perfect blur; held at a long distance, letters could be distinguished, but the words upon looking at them, soon ran into confusion. Objects at a distance could be plainly seen, even a little more plainly than natural (hypertrophia), but near objects, though for a moment distinguished, soon lost their distinctness. A numb or crawling sensation, a formication, was felt down the back, upon the arms, and back of the hands. This formication was intense and very unpleasant upon the palate. Light became unpleasant to the eyes, causing pain deep in the eyeballs. Motion became unpleasant, and if the feet were lifted in walking, the floor seemed to recede from them before they again were put down. A sliding of the feet along the floor seemed to be the only safe way of locomotion. The head began to be dizzy, and for fear of falling it was necessary to be seated in the easy chair. Thirst at this time was very great, but only little water could be taken at a time, as the effort of swallowing was unpleasant. A languid feeling came on, as the semirecumbent position was assumed, and whether sleep, accompanied with wild dreams, or waking hallucinations followed, it was impossible to tell. Whether the brain was troubled with hallucinations, or with wild fantastic dreams, they were exactly the opposite of those produced by Cannabis indica, for all the imaginations and conversations were of the long past, none of the future. Whether there was total blindness, or merely an imagination of blindness, could not be remembered; but, if there was blindness to the external eye, the mind saw all its images with great distinctness, and the impress of them was left with vividness. There was consciousness of individuality, but the actions were performed by others, who were embodied spirits of those long since departed. Lengthy conversations of a most pleasant character were held with Plato, Alcibiades, Aspasia, and others. How long this state lasted cannot be told; but sound, profound sleep must have followed, for consciousness to external objects did not return till sixteen hours after taking the Atropia. Awaking took place suddenly; there was no pain, no headache, nothing abnormal but a languor and disturbed vision. The bladder had not been emptied during these sixteen hours, and although a large quantity of water had been drunk, but a moderate quantity of urine was passed. The vision was not clear for several days, 34.
In about twenty minutes her hands were tremulous and her eyes closed; but she was quiet and became drowsy. In a few minutes the agitation increased, until it became more violent; she at the same time kicking out her feet and throwing her arms forward. On attempting to move her to her bed, it was found that her limbs were powerless, and that she was unable to stand, so that she had to be carried. Her face was very much flushed. In a few moments a meddlesome and pleasant delirium set in, in which she picked at her clothes, tried to get out of bed, and imagined she was sewing, or nursing her child, or engaged in shopping with her sister. These hallucinations lasted for about ten minutes, when she sighed and yawned repeatedly, and "dropped into a comfortable sleep;" the interval between the taking of the medicine and the sopor having been rather more than one hour; after three hours' unconsciousness, and laboring under a heavy stupor. The eyes were closed, the pupils dilated, and the muscular system was greatly relaxed, excepting a condition of trismus, which was well marked, and deglutition was almost impossible. The respiration was labored and very much like that of an intoxicated person. The pulse was quite good, but neither it nor the respiration was counted. Countenance somewhat livid. Lids closed, conjunctivæ slightly injected; eyes had a fixed and brilliant stare. The tongue, roof of the mouth, and soft palate were glazed and parched, 35.
Pupils dilated. Excessive dryness of mouth and throat, with a sensation of burning and choking. Great difficulty in swallowing. Pulse 130. Great dizziness, and a sensation of weight on the top of the head and over his eyes. Frequent rigors and loss of muscular power, being unable to walk, or as he expressed it, "to feel his legs." Very restless and agitated. Great difficulty in articulation. Micturition accomplished only after some trouble, 36.
In less than five minutes, I became aware that I had an overdose; my heart began to labor heavily, and to my feelings, roughly, at the rate of about fifty per minute, accompanied by a sore feeling immediately over the base of the heart. This continued about ten minutes, and was immediately followed by intense thirst, dryness of the mouth and throat, with great perversion of sensation, everything tasting intensely acid. The skin of my whole body began to feel turgid and swollen, and in about an hour and a half was covered with a rash precisely similar to that of scarlet fever. There was also diplopia; during the evening I was completely unable to read the newspaper. Next morning there was power to read with one eye at once; and in the evening the disturbance of vision had entirely gone, as well as all other signs of the action of the drug, 37.
Insensible and comatose. Pupils largely dilated. Face flushed and swollen, 39.
In a state of intense excitement; skin greatly congested; face, hands, and whole body swollen and bloated; mind delirious; sensibility suspended; violent clonic spasms at times of the limbs; pupils dilated to their fullest extent; intense thirst; speech thick and clogged; tongue and throat swollen (after two hours), 38.
In one hour, face flushed, full, strong, hard, and bounding pulse, almost stertorous breathing, with much somnolency, and great impairment of all the senses. When aroused and raised up he would look wildly around, and when addressed in a loud voice would mutter some incoherent words. There was great muscular tremor, and muscular weakness, particularly of the lower extremities, insomuch that he was unable to stand when aroused, although at the same time he exhibited considerable strength in his arms. He passed his urine involuntarily, 42. [530.]
Delirious, but not wholly unconscious, starting frequently from a brief period of repose and screaming with pain or terror, and clutching violently with the hands. The flexor muscles of the extremities, the upper especially, were principally affected. The muscles of the spine occasionally contracted so as to jerk the head backwards with electric quickness. Pupils dilated to the utmost. Pulse 120, and diminished in force. Surface dry and hot, and covered with a strongly marked scarlatinoid redness (after one hour), 43.
Giddy and strange feeling in the head so that he could not see. Throat of a deep red hue, sore and could not swallow. Pupils widely dilated, 44.
Dryness of mouth and throat. Sour taste in mouth. Dryness and burning in the stomach. Repeated vomiting; partial delirium, 45.
Pupils widely dilated and insensible to light; gait staggering, the patients being unable to stand alone; there was great thirst, and the elder patient had incontinence of urine. They both talked and laughed wildly, but answered questions readily. The intellect was confused, both patients fancying they were still at home, and attempting to arrange furniture, 48.
Staggering on walking. Excessive nervousness. Giddiness. Loss of power over legs. Pulse rapid. Unconscious. Pulse weak and irregular. Skin dry. Face flushed. Violent delirium. Tongue dry and brown. Respiration laboring and quick, accompanied by flapping of cheeks. Twitching of some muscles of arms and legs. Catching at imaginary objects. Chest, râles about base. Unintelligible talk in sleep. Tympanitis over abdomen. Tenderness over abdomen. Soreness at pit of stomach. Urine high-colored, turbid, of an amber color; chlorides present; no albumen; specific gravity 1015. Pain over right side of chest. Cough and expectoration; sputum rust-colored and scanty. Absolute dulness of chest as far as spine of scapulæ on right side behind, with tubular breathing and bronchophony. Over left lung, posteriorly, rough breathing, otherwise breath sounds healthy, 49.
Dryness of the throat. Confusion of vision. Pupils largely dilated (after four hours and a half). Slightly delirious, and staggered as if under the influence of alcohol (after five hours); he seemed to have hallucinations, for frequently he would put out his hands and attempt to grasp some imaginary object (after five hours and a half). Drowsy and stupid, but he recognized me and asked me in a sort of maudlin manner what was the minimum dose, meaning the minimum lethal dose; he could be easily aroused, and although his answers to questions were given in an indistinct tone they were quite rational, and some remarks that he made indicated that he appreciated the danger of his condition (after five hours and a half); the coma steadily increased, and the prospects seemed almost entirely hopeless; his head hung upon his shoulders in a perfectly limp state; there was complete unconsciousness, from which he could not be aroused; for about half a minute respiration ceased, and artificial respiration was resorted to, and cold only be maintained at eight in a minute (after ten hours). Pulse 140, full and strong (after five hours and a half); 120, full, but no so forcible as before (after seven hours and a half); 120, less force (after ten hours). Respirations 20, and not in any respect abnormal (after five hours and a half); about 24 (after seven hours and a half); for about half a minute it ceased, and artificial respiration was maintained at 8 per minute (after ten hours); improved (after eleven hours), 50.
Delirium, to which was soon added all manner of absurd hallucinations. Pulse rapid and feeble. Skin flushed and dry. Tongue dry and brown. Great thirst. Dryness of the throat, 31.
In a few minutes the child turned a deep red, like "scarlet fever," over its face and the upper half of its body; the perspiration was checked, and the skin became hot and dry. This continued for five hours (after a teaspoonful). The same redness appeared, but only lasted for half an hour (after 6 drops), 32.

Atropinum