Chamælirium luteum, Gray (Helonias dioicia, Pursh; H. lutea, Ait.; C. Carolinianum, Willd; Veratrum luteum, Linn.; Ophiostachys Virginica, Delile).

Natural order , Liliaceæ.

Common names , Unicorn plant, Devil's Bit, Blazing Star.

Preparation , Tincture of the root.

Authorities.

1 , Dr. Tully, effects of 10 to 30 minims of the tincture of the root, Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., 1832, p. 136; 2 , Dr. Branch, experiment on himself with as large a dose as a drachm of saturated tincture, ibid.; 3 , Dr. Burr, Hale's New Remedies, 2d edition, p. 529, used a solution of "Helonin" in one ounce of alcohol diluted with half an ounce of water, frequently repeated doses of 2 to 60 drops, afterward of an aqueous solution 40 drops to 1 drachm; 4 , Dr. E. Clark, fragmentary proving, symptoms observed in several cases, from Hale's New Remedies; 5 , Dr. Paine (eclectic), from Hale, effects of Helonin in doses of 1 to 15 grains; 6 , E. M. Hale, symptoms produced by Helonin in a patient (first trit.); 7 , Dr. S. A. Jones took tincture, 15 minims first day, 30 minims at 12 M., 1 grain of Helonin at 3 P.M., second day, 2 grains at 11 A.M., 4 grains at 4 P.M., third day, 12 grains fourth day, 360 minims of tincture fifth day, 480 minims sixth day, 540 minims seventh day, Am. Obs., 1871 and 1873.

MIND

Very downhearted and discouraged (?) (fourth day), 7.
Reaction (from feeling of general wellness ) began, and for a fortnight I was in a mental hell; it was the most profound mental depression I have ever known; I was plunged into the most abject despair (twenty-seventh day), 7.
Very irritable during headache (from eleventh to fourteenth days), 7.
Previous to taking the remedy I never felt better, more cheerful, or in better spirits; soon after taking there was an entire change in the surrounding circumstances; I very soon became irritable, gloomy, and dull; could not endure the least contradiction or receive any suggestions in regard to any subject; all conversation was unpleasant, and what I most desired was to be left alone, reserving to myself the privilege of finding fault with everything around me; I consider that this moral condition was not accidental, but purely a pathological state, produced and kept up by the action of the medicine (seventh evening); previous to this evening this state assumed an intermittent form, but after this date it was unchanged for several days, and was one of the most constant and marked effects, 3.
Mind dull and inactive (fourth day), 3.

HEAD

Vertigo.
Vertigo, 1.
General Head.
Slight pains in the head, which were accompanied by diminution of sight and vertigo on moving the head suddenly (after two hours and a half), 2.
The feeling of fulness in the head increases, and there is a sense of pressure from within up to the vertex; the latter feeling is aggravated by looking steadily at any fixed point (second day), 3.
A strange fulness in the whole head (the alcohol), (after half an hour, sixth day), 7. [10.]
Slight darting pains in the head, 1.
Forehead.
Fulness in the forehead all through between the temples (five hours and twenty minutes after first dose, third day), 7.
Slight dull headache in forehead, extending towards the vertex (fourth day), 7.
Pain in the forehead, as if a band about an inch wide was drawn across from temple to temple (after second dose, seventh day), 3.
Temples.
Slight pain through the temples, together with a feeling of fulness in the head and vertigo (after fifth dose, first day), 3.
Headache comes on every day at 4 or 5 P.M., if not then, surely between 8 and 9 P.M.; it is a dull aching in temples and forehead; pressure over the root of the nose; and when it is on, feel as if I had caught cold; am feverish without feeling hot to others or having an increase of pulse; at this time am also very irritable (from the eleventh to fourteenth day), 7.
Vertex.
Pain in vertex, increased by stooping, and attended by increased vertigo (after second dose, fifth day), 3.
While reading, a feeling of fulness, pressure from within outwards, in vertex and occiput; at the same time the scalp seemed to burn; when I read earnestly, concentrating my attention, all these sensations vanished; but if I turned my attention from the book to my hand they were instantly perceived; I found that I could get rid of them or bring them on just as I liked (after four hours, first day), 7.
Great pressure on the vertex; it seems to return every afternoon (eighth and ninth days), 7.

EYE

It seemed as if the pupil admitted too much light, although upon examination it did not appear to be dilated (after two hours), 2. [20.]
The sight is affected; there is a sensation of much light, accompanied by indistinct vision, and on sudden and considerable motion of the head the patient is almost blind, 1.
If I turned my head suddenly around I became almost blind (after two hours), 2.
Much exertion produces complete blindness for the time being, 1.
On walking out, before I had proceeded two hundred yards I became blind. Upon this I stopped a short time, when the sight gradually returned (after two hours and a half), 2.

MOUTH

Have awakened every morning since the proving was commenced at 5 o'clock, an unusual hour, with tongue and fauces dry, and a bitter, disagreeable taste in the mouth (fifth day), 3.
Dryness and bitter taste in the mouth (after second dose, seventh day), 3.

STOMACH

Appetite.
Appetite has not been as usual (fifth day), 3.
Eructation.
Tasteless eructations (after two hours and a half, sixth day), 7.
Many tasteless eructations through the day (ninth day), 7.
Nausea and Vomiting.
Nausea, as though vomiting would follow, while at supper, soon passing away (after two hours and a quarter, first day), 7. [30.]
Nausea, and commonly vomiting, but without relief of symptoms, 1.
Sick at the stomach and rejected my dinner, which seemed to be in a state of fermentation (after two hours and a half), 2.
Stomach.
An indescribable sensation in the epigastrium, 1.
Irritability of the stomach, 5.
Vague distress in stomach, in the forenoon (fourth day), 7.
Indescribable distressing sensation in the epigastric region (after two hours and a half), 2.
Sensation of pain, tightness, and pressure in the stomach, which was partially relieved by the eructation of tasteless gas (after each of three first doses, first day), 3.
Burning in stomach (after two hours and a half, sixth day), 7.
A glow is felt in the epigastric region, apparently referable to the stomach itself, accompanied by an occasional sensation of flashes of heat through the whole system (after two hours), 1.
A genial glow in the stomach, with occasional flashes of heat (after two hours), 2. [40.]
Sensations of heat and cold in the region of the stomach (after two hours and a half), 2.
Cramplike pain in the stomach (soon after first dose, seventh day), 3.
It acts as an emeto-cathartic, producing a griping-burning sensation in the epigastrium, and great activity of the salivary glands, 5.

ABDOMEN

Hypochondria.
Pain in the left side, as if in the spleen; it felt as if that viscus was distended, and so much so as to cause a dull ache; it did not last long (fifth day), 7.
General Abdomen.
Bowels full of flatulence, and each eructation created a feeling of nausea (?) (ninth day), 7.
A feeling in the bowels as if diarrhœa would come on, soon passing away, while at supper (after two hours and a quarter, first day), 7.
Before stool, feeling as if going to have diarrhœa (fifth day), 7.
"Bellyache" before stool, relieved so soon as rectum was emptied (eighth day), 7.
Hypogastrium.
Burning in lower third of abdomen, as if the whole pelvic bowl and up to a space midway between umbilicus and pubis were filled with quite warm water (six hours after second dose, second day), 7.
Coliclike pains in hypogastric region off and on all day (ninth day), 7. [50.]
Frequently while walking (and only then), a sudden pang deep in the right groin; it would smite me suddenly as an electric shock, make me limp for a few steps, and soon pass away; pressure with the tips of the fingers in the groin seemed to relieve it; at least I was instinctively led into this manipulation, and relief seemed to come from it (seventh week), 7.

ANUS

After stool, slight burning in anus (fifth day), 7.

STOOL

Slight purging, with a burning sensation in the bowels, 5.
Two stools; very unusual, as my bowels are always "A 1" (third day), 7.
Just after breakfast (my usual habit), stool, which is a little loose; one hour after, another, yellow and mushlike (fifth day), 7.
Two small brown stools (eighth day), 7.
Yellow and mushlike stool (sixth day), 7.
Morning stool was barely consistent enough to retain its shape (seventh day), 7.
Stool is first half hard, second half soft; first half dark-brown, second light-yellow (fourteenth day), 7.
A peculiar stool; sensation as if each lump of fæces had the shape of a large minnie bullet, which passed from the anus the big end first; the anus seemed to be much distended for an instant, and then out flew a fecal mass just as a pumpkin-seed shoots from the fingers; the stool consisted of four lumps which made their exit separately, but as fast as they could follow each other, for it seemed as if each single one had to "work its passage" by forcing upon the anus; in the evening (fourth day), 7.

URINARY ORGANS

Kidneys. [60.]
A great deal of weariness, and feeling of weight in the region of the kidneys, and with much more general fatigue than usual, in the afternoon and evening (fourth day), 3.
Pain in the kidneys, which is followed by albuminuria, indicating congestion, and large discharges of urine, with slight increased specific gravity, 5.
A sensation as if my kidneys were two bags of hot water; this feeling was so distinct, that I felt certain I could have traced the area occupied by these organs by following the outlines of the burning (fifth day), 7.
It seems as if the kidneys ache at 10 P.M. (eighth day), 7.
Urethra.
(Urination was very painful, on account of the scalding sensation as the urine passed over the denuded mucous membrane), 6.
Irritation of the urethra, 5.
Micturition.
Kidneys somewhat stimulated, and a larger amount than usual of clear, light-colored urine has been voided during the past twelve hours, in the evening (second day), 3.
Every time I urinate I seem to completely empty the bladder, yet when I have put the "indefinite article" back in my breeches, out spurts a quantity of urine; no matter how much I endeavor to contract the bladder, this extra leak happens every time I micturate (sixth day), 7 . [To this day, February 4 th, 1871 (nearly three years) I have not overcome this weakness. As I was ever very "sure on the trigger," I am the more willing to ascribe this to the Helonias. In functional derangements of the prostate, it will be well to bear this remedy in mind, for if this prostatic freak obtains and is attended with somewhat frequent and profuse urination, the urine being very pale and watery, or containing a deposit of the amorphous phosphates, Helonias promises fairly. I may here add, that a close examination reveals no enlargement of the prostate in my case.]
Since the proving, the presence of a deposit of the amorphous phosphates in the urine is the exception, and not, as previously, the rule of my life, 7.
Urine.
Urine had a faintly alkaline reaction before the proving; neutral (after four hundred and eighty minutes, sixth day); strongly acid (seventh day), 7. [70.]
The design of this whole experiment was, if possible, to induce saccharine or albuminous urine. From the specific gravity, it will be seen that there is little chance of finding either. The test by heat alone would have led to the supposition that albumen existed, from the flocky curdling of the phosphates, but Nitric acid never gave an albuminous precipitate, .

The "reaction" is plus . These quantities added, give 48.55 ounces as the daily mean, another plus. As a like quantity of water was drank daily, and as no change in the temperature of the weather occurred to explain this plus by skin action , I am disposed to ascribe it to the drug. If we assume 45 ounces as my daily rate of excretion, which is certainly liberal, we shall find that nine of the nineteen days give a quantity below this, while the remaining ten are above it. The nine minimum days give, as a total, 350 7/8 ounces, which is 38 3/10 ounces per diem. The ten maximum days give 551 3/8 ounces, 55 13/100 ounces daily. If we take enough from the maximum, ten days' quantity, to bring the minimum, nine days quantity, up to the mean of 45 ounces per diem, we still have a plus of 46 3/8 ounces. That Helonias is a diuretic in the same sense as Apocynum cannabinum, I am not prepared to affirm; that it is a renal stimulant, I think may be safely assumed. Let not the term stimulant mislead. The Helonias renal stimulation is a condition of debility, renous paresis , the result of previous arterial tonic contraction, 7.

Helonias lowers the specific gravity. A mean of 1.01571 for nineteen consecutive days is not normal. Suppose that, on account of the experimenter's sedentary habits, we assume 1.018 as the normal specific gravity of his urine, we then find that under the Helonias action it is for fourteen days of the nineteen below this, and that for seven of these fourteen days it is at 1.014 for two, 1.013 for three, and 1.012 for two. A glance at Table II will show that the depression of specific gravity is not directly dependent upon the quantity of urine excreted. On different days we have 73.572 and 47.7 ounces, each of 1.013 specific gravity; 46, 43.4, and 24.3 ounces of 1.020; 42.3, 39.4, 37.2 and 36.5 ounces of 1.017. The consideration of this leads us to the urea. As the daily average, according to Table II, exceeds the "physiological amount" by nearly 50 grains per diem, one would say that the primary action of Helonias is to increase the elimination of urea. A glance at Table II will show that on only seven of the nineteen days did the urea fall below the daily rate of 345.94 grains, and the greatest minus will be found to coincide with the days in which a great amount of alcohol was taken. In three days, 28th, 29th, 30th (of March), 1380 minims of tincture were drank, and in the urine of the 29th, 30th, and 31st, the effects of the alcohol is shown in a minus of 130.58 grains of urea. On twelve of the nineteen days there is a plus of urea, which extends from 9.76 to 215.26 grains daily. So far, then, as these data go, we must believe that Helonias primarily increases the elimination of urea, 7.

HELONIAS. SEXUAL ORGANS

Great uterine hæmorrhage came during the proving, and continued until the medicine was discontinued, 4.
(An intense irritation of the external labia and pudendum, which were puffed, hot, red, and burned and itched terribly; so intense was this irritation, that she could not prevent herself from scratching with her nails until the surface bled; every morning the cutaneous surface would fall off in thin, transparent exfoliations; the mucous membrane of the labia was red, swollen, and covered with a white, curdy deposit, like aphthæ; the speculum showed the inflammation to reach one-third the length of the vagina), 6.

RESPIRATORY ORGANS

A feeling as if respiration were about to cease, 1.

CHEST. [80.]

My chest seems to be unusually sensitive to the air; it was a fine, sunshiny day (March 29th), but I felt the cold very sensibly down the front of my chest, the whole length of the sternum, and in a space as wide apart as the nipples (I wore at the time a vest which buttoned up to the throat, but I still felt what seemed to be cold air penetrating even through the turned in front of my overcoat), (sixth day), 7.
Aching pain in my chest, as if all my strength had left me from excessively hard work; it is a tired aching, as if the whole front of the chest, and especially a strip some four inches wide down the whole front of the sternum, had been compressed in a vice (I have felt similarly when overworked in the army, but I have done no work now to account for this), (fifth day); felt while walking nearly a mile (sixth day), 7.
Breasts swollen, nipples tender, and will not bear the pressure of even an ordinary dress; nipples very sensitive and painful, 4.

PULSE

The pulse ranges at 84, full and a little irregular, in the evening (second day), 3.
Pulse at the wrist weak, hardly perceptible, and about 60 beats in a minute (after two hours and a half), 2.
Pulse weak and quite infrequent, 1.
Pulse small, weak, and sometimes as infrequent as 40 beats in a minute, 1.
Pulse very small, and only about 40 beats in a minute (after four hours), 2.

BACK

Back very lame and aching (ninth day), 7. [90.]
Pain and feeling of lameness in the whole back (after second dose, seventh day), 3.
Sharp, spasmodic pain in the back, running to the crest of the left ilium (after second dose, fifth day), 3.
Dorsal.
Burning in the spine (upper dorsal), (fourth day), 7.
Burning in the back between the shoulder-blades, and a tired aching in lower lumbar and sacral regions (tenth day), 7.
Great heat and burning in the dorsal region, especially marked in the space between the lower half of the scapula, when sitting reading at night (fifth day), 7.
Lumbar.
A tired ache in the spine (lower lumbar and sacral regions), (fifth days), 7.
Back across lower lumbar region feels very tired and weak (eighth day), 7.
After resting in my office an hour, I notice a very tired feeling in the lower lumbar and sacral region (fifth day), 7.
Back lame, and fairly aches (lower lumbar and sacral regions), (ninth day), 7.
Pain in the lumbar region, about the upper part of the sacrum and pelvis; these pains during the last twenty-four hours have been more constant and severe than at any other time; the pain in the back seems more troublesome at night than during the day (twelfth day), 3. [100.]
Burning and aching in spine (lumbar and dorsal regions), (after two hours and a half, sixth day), 7.
Slight aching in back (lower lumbar and sacral regions), (fourteenth day), 7.
Tired ache in back (lumbar and sacral regions), (after dose, seventh day), 7.
Tired aching sensation, and a burning in the spine (lower lumbar and sacral regions), on sitting down, at 3.30 P.M. (eighth day), 7.
Feeling of weariness and weight in the region of the kidneys (after fourth dose, second day), 3.
Dull heat, hardly a burning, in the renal region (two hours and a half after first dose, second day), 7.
Sudden and momentary but very acute pang of pain in the region of the kidneys, as if I had been shot there, when undressing (first night), 7.
Pain in the lower part of the back through to the uterus, like inflammation, piercing, drawing, .

INFERIOR EXTREMITIES

A burning, or rather a warm numbness in the legs, most marked in the knees; (it was like the Aconite anæsthesia, but not so intense); it seemed to begin at the tendo Achillis of each leg, streaming upwards, and was very marked over the region of each gastrocnemius; at times my legs feel almost as numb as they have done from a ten-minim dose of Fleming's tincture of Aconite (fifth and sixth days), 7.
Severe rheumatic pains in the right hip-joint, more during motion (seventh day), 3.
Painful aching in right ankle-joint as if a wedge were driven in; this lasted until I fell asleep at night (second hour after second dose, second day); although disagreeably painful it did not interfere with locomotion (after second dose, third day), 7.
Numbness in my feet, which goes off by motion, and is only felt when sitting still (sixth day), 7.

GENERAL SYMPTOMS

Unusual degree of languor, at noon (after fourth dose, second day), 3.
Exceedingly tired and weak, just as if I had been prostrated by a typhoid fever, on walking home, nearly a mile, at 6 P.M. (ninth day), 7. [120.]
Exceedingly restless and want to be continually moving about (sixth day), 7.
All aches and ailings left me, and I felt as I imagine a strong man in perfect health must feel; the change in the state of my daily life was so marked that I could but observe it, although I had ceased to look for "symptoms;" I cannot specify in detail how I felt, I only know I was filled with a general wellness, which made living a luxury (from twentieth to twenty-sixth day); on the twenty-seventh day reaction began, and until the forty-first day I was in a mental hell; it was the most profound mental depression I have ever known; I was plunged into the most abject despair, 7.
Feel unusually tired to-day, yet have done nothing to occasion it (ninth day), 7.
An easy walk of nearly a mile made me feel very tired and weak (fifth day), 7.
"Bilious," sleepy during the day, head dull and stupid, poor appetite, food had no taste, etc.; (after two months); I had never been in such a state before, and at this date, November 17th, 1869 (after nearly twenty months), I am confident that my organism is not of the same habit as before my experiment with Helonias dioica; I feel as if the shock of the doses I took had revolutionized my system, and grafted a "bilious" habit upon one who for thirty-three years had been a stranger to it, 7.
Symptoms were at their height (after four hours and a half); all pretty much disappeared (after seven hours), 2.
All the symptoms reached their height in four or five hours, and in seven or eight they commonly disappeared entirely and without any inconvenient consequences whatever, 1.
Feel better when moving about, or when doing something which absorbs my whole attention (sixth day), 7.
All my pains and aches cease at once when I walk about; on sitting still they return at once; this appears to me like a physiological paradox, for the sensations that are relieved by motion are like those dependent upon excessive fatigue, yet the work of walking dispels them (ninth day), 7.

SLEEP

Have awakened every morning since the proving was commenced, at 5 o'clock, an unusual hour (fifth day), 3.

FEVER. [130.]

Every movement of the arms occasioned a chill which seemed to radiate from the solar plexus all over me (fourth day), 7.
Extremities cold, 1 ; (after two hours and a half), 2.
Flushes of heat pass over me, on every movement, while in a room (sixth day), 7.
Feverish without feeling hot to others or having an increase of pulse during headache (eleventh to fourteenth day), 7.
Sensations of heat and cold alternately, which are more particularly referred to the epigastric region (after vomiting), 1.

CONDITIONS

Aggravation.
( Afternoon ), Pressure on vertex; aching in sacrum.
( Night ), When sitting and reading, heat, etc., in dorsal region; pain in back.
( Much exertion ), Blindness.
( Looking steadily at fixed point ), Pressure in head.
( Moving head suddenly ), Vertigo; dimness of vision.
( Moving arms ), Chill.
( Sitting still ), Numbness in feet; all pain.
( Stooping ), Pain in vertex.
( Walking ), Blindness.
Amelioration.
( Moving about ), The symptoms.

Helonias