Croton tiglium, Linn. (Tiglium officinale, Klotzch).

Natural order , Euphorbiaceæ.

Common names of seeds , Croton oil seeds, Puergirkörner, Piñones de Maluco, Grames de Tilley, Petit Pignon d'Inde.

Preparation , Tincture of the oil from the seeds.

Authorities.

1 , Hermann, Praktische Mitt. (from Roth's Mat. Med.); 2 , a girl, aged 25, took one drop on sugar, from Buchner's collection, Archiv. f. Hom. Heil, 19, 116; 3 , effects of one drop on a young, black-haired girl, ibid.; 4 , effects of three drops on a girl, aged 26, with carious teeth, ibid.; 5 , effects of three drops on another girl, ibid.; 6 , effects of three drops on a girl of 36 (taken for urticaria), ibid.; 7 , effects of three drops triturated with sugar, and taken in three doses, on a girl aged 26, ibid.; 8 , effect of three drops on a student, aged 23, ibid.; 9 , a girl, aged 20, took one-eighth of a drop daily, afterward three-eighths, afterward one-half, and again three-fourths of a drop daily, ibid.; 10 , a man, aged 32, took one drop on sugar, ibid.; 11 , Dr. S. T., aged 26, took repeated doses of three-tenths, one-half, three-fourths of a drop, and one drop, ibid.; 12 , a girl, aged 32, took one-half a drop for several days, afterward three-fourths of a drop, ibid.; 13 , K. M., aged 26, effects of smelling a solution of two drops to 100 of Al., afterward of the pure oil, and of taking two or three drop doses, ibid.; 14 , B., a man, aged 27, took numerous doses of from one-tenth to one drop each, during a period of about seven weeks, ibid.; 15 , effects on a girl of 15 of rubbing five drops on the arm, ibid.; 16 , Commensur. Jour. d. Pharm., 13, p. 394, effects of getting some into the eye, ibid.; 17 , Tavernier, Froriep's Notizen, 12, p. 287, rubbed some oil about the umbilicus, ibid.; , C. M., rubbed some oil over the left deltoid muscle, and afterward a little below the same place, ibid.; , the same, effects of the fumes inhaled while rubbing the oil into the arm; , the same, effects of rubbing oil above the umbilicus; , Dr. Joret, effects of one or two drops taken internally (Archiv. Gén. de Méd., 1833), A. H. Z., 4, p. 69; , A. H. Z. Mon. Bl., 9, p. 62, a man drank some by mistake, taking about half an ounce; , Rumph, effects of the whole plant, especially of the leaves, Herb. Amboin, t. 4, p. 98, from Wibmer; , Buchner, effects of chewing and spitting out a seed, Toxicologie, 1827, from Wibmer; , Wibmer, effects of one drop made into two pills, taken with an interval of half an hour; , Landsberg, effects of half a large seed, Pharmacog. Euphorb. Diss. Berol., 1831, from Wibmer; , same, effects of one drop on sugar; , same, effects of rubbing oil into the abdomen; , Hencke, effects of rubbing oil into umbilical region, Archiv. f. Hom. 20, 2, 183; , same, proving with 2d trit. of seeds; , Dr. Brentzer, proving with 15th dil., ibid.; , same, provings with 4th dil.; , Connell, general effects, from Buchner's collection, Archiv. Hom., 19, 1, 119; , Piedagnel, general effects, ibid.; , Meinel, effects of rubbing oil into inguinal region, Fr. Mag., 4, 966 (from Deutsch Kl., 1851); , Guttseit, effect of two drops, repeated after two days, for obstinate constipation, Fr. Mag., 4, 274 (from Med. Zeit., 1846); , Græfe and Walther, effects of one drop, Fr. Mag., 1, 592 (Rust's Mag., 1836); , Hutchinson, general effects of rubbing in six drops on the skin, Bost. Med. and Surg. Jour., 8, 411; , effects of two drops, taken for scanty menstruation, from the last; , Pereira, effects of the dust encountered while emptying packages of the seeds, Mat. Med., 2, 1, 606; , Prujer, Rust's Mag., 19, 3, 525, from Roth's collection (Mat. Med.); , Koehler, Rust's Mag., 46, p. 45, ibid.; , Romberg, Casp. Wochen., 1835, ibid.; , Brandes, Hufel. Journ., 57, p. 120, ibid.; , omitted; , Horn's Archiv., 60, p. 574, ibid.; , Murray, App. Med., 4, 150, ibid.; , Cohansen, Act. nat. cur., 9, p. 39, ibid.; , Boudet, Abeille Méd., 1845, ibid.; , Vautherin, effects of inunction of stomach with twelve drops, Monograph des Graines de Crot. Tig., Paris, 1864; , Med.-Chir. Rev., July, 1834 (All. Med. Zeit.), general effects of external use; , Mayet and Hallé, poisoning of three persons by strawberries impregnated with the oil, Ann. d'Hyg., 35, 193; , Maurezin, poisoning of a girl of 6 years by three grammes in "café au lait," Gaz. des Hôp, June, 1868; , omitted; , C. C. Shayer, general account of poisoning of five persons by eating some birds over which some Crot. oil had been spilled, Am. J. of Med. Sei., Jan., 1867 (the birds had been well washed previous to cooking); , Tilbury Fox, general effects of inunction, Lancet, April, 1867; , S. R. Percy, general effects of internal and external use, Am. Med. Times, 55, 170; , Brydone, effects of a teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of Croton and olive oil, Ed. Med. Jour., 1861; , J. L. Bunting, poisoning of a woman by one ounce, Med. Record, 3, 274 (Boston Med. and Surg. Jour.); , Keith, effects of a teaspoonful on a boy, given by mistake in hooping-cough (Ed. Med. Jour), from Br. J. of Hom., 2, 129; , Berridge, proving on a man with several doses of the 200th dil., Lehrmann (A. J. of H. M. M., 1874, p. 128); , Marchand, proving on self with two pills of Croton oil taken in bread, "Du Croton Tiglium," Paris, 1861; , Vautherin, effects of eight or ten drops taken by mistake with food, "Des Graines de Croton Tiglium," Paris, 1864, p. 88.

MIND

Emotional.
Disinclined to speak; uttering no complaints (after three hours), 60.
Sadness, 9.
Great depression of spirits, 12.
Anxiety, 13.
Great anxiety, 13 ; (after one hour), 55.
A peculiar feeling of anxiety, as though some misfortune were about to happen, 32.
Solicitous mood, 32.
Fretful, 32.
Peevishness and fretfulness; everything is unpleasant to him, 14. [10.]
Morose mood, 19.
He is very morose and dissatisfied, 14.
Intellectual.
He has no inclination to work; would much rather dance than attend to his business, 14.
Thought difficult, 32.
Loss of memory, 14.

HEAD

Confusion and Vertigo.
Confusion of the head, 8, 31.
Confusion in the head, especially in the temples, 14.
Confusion of the head, immediately on rising, 14.
Confusion of the head, with dulness and pressure in the forehead, 13.
Confusion of the head, but especially of the frontal region, with pressure and heaviness, 13. [20.]
Confusion of the head, especially on the right side, with pressure downward from the vertex, so that there is sometimes sticking extending downward below the ear, with impaired hearing in the right ear, 14.
Confusion of the whole head, lasting through the night, 13.
Confusion of the whole head, on going into the open air, 13.
Great confusion of the head with the vomiting, which also lasted three days, with loss of appetite, 11.
Great confusion of the whole head, with pressure towards the frontal region, and nausea, 19.
Head very much confused, 18.
Confusion of the forepart of the head, especially of the frontal region, 18.
Confusion of the forehead, 13, 14.
Confusion of the left half of the occiput, 14.
Confusion of the occiput, 14. [30.]
Vertigo, 9.
Vertigo, so that she could scarcely remain sitting, especially on looking up, 9.
Vertigo and confusion of the head, lasting all the afternoon, 14.
Vertigo, especially on the right side, with pressure in the right eye, 14.
Vertigo, with nausea, so that she was obliged to go into the open air, where she became worse, looked pale, seemed very weak and exhausted, 5.
Attacks of vertigo, while walking in the open air, 14.
Head felt dizzy, 13.
Dizziness of the forehead, 19.
He became very giddy and fell down insensible, 40.
General Head.

EYE

Objective.
Eyes quite bright, peculiar at times, 59.
Violent inflammation of one eye, 16.
Violent ophthalmia and inflammation of penis and scrotum, in consequence of inadvertently carrying the fingers (after applying the drug) to the eyes and genital organs (two cases), 51.
Subjective.
Heaviness, weakness of the eyes, 19.
Violent pains in the eye (local effect), 16. [80.]
Violent pains, followed by swelling of the whole eye and side of the face (from some of the oil getting into the eye), 16.
Sticking in the middle of the left eye, and afterwards some indications of it in the right, 14.
Orbit.
Slight tensive pain above the right orbit, with pressure in the right side of the occiput, 32.
Lids.
Violent twitching of the eyelids, 13.
Cramplike pain in the right eyelids, especially towards the external canthus, 14.
Jerking sticking in the right external canthus, with frequent contraction and twitching of the whole eye, 19.
Lachrymal Apparatus.
Running of water from the eyes and nose, 13.
Copious lachrymation, 40.
Conjunctiva.
Inflammatory redness of the conjunctiva of the left eye, 11.
Ball.
Sticking in the left eyeball, 14.
Pupil. [90.]
Pupils dilated, 40.
Vision.
Vision impaired, with staring, glittering eyes, 5.
Sight dim, as if there were smoke in the room, 9.
The sight vanishes easily, 19.

EAR

Sticking beneath the left ear, 14.
Dragging and twisting sensation towards the orifices of both ears, 13.
Dull dragging pain towards the orifices of both ears, 13. [100.]
Twinging pain in the left ear, 14.
Spasmodic twinging pains deep within the left ear, 11.*
Hearing.
Roaring in the ears, 16.
Roaring in the ears, and a kind of vertigo; he was unable to stand from fear of falling, 16.
Hearing and sight disappeared with the nausea, 2.

NOSE

Objective.
Increased secretion from the mucous membrane of the nose (after smelling the oil), 14.
Coryza, with slight discharge from the nose, lasting some days, 10.
Coryza; with slight watery discharge, 13.
Subjective.
Dryness of the nose and throat, 11.
Burning in the right nostril, obliging him to rub it (in three hours and three-quarters), 1. [110.]
Burning sensation in the nose and mouth, 40.
Drawing pains, extending through the nose to the root, and thence into the brain, 19.
Constant irritation in the nose and in the conjunctiva of the eyes (from the fumes of the oil), 14.

FACE

Objective.
Countenance distressed, 40.
Face expressive of fatigue and debility, 63.
Countenance pale and rather shrunk (after three-quarters of an hour), 60.
Face pale, with sensation of coldness, 13.
Slight jaundice color, 36.
Face hands, and toes cyanotic, 22.
Swelling of the face and hands (from triturating the grains in a mortar), 41. [120.]
Swelling and redness of the face and eyelids, which are covered with small vesicles (from the effluvia), 44.
Subjective.
Increased warmth and burning in the right half of the face, starting from the corner of the mouth, 14.
An illusory sensation as though insects were creeping on the face, 32.
Lips.
Lips swell and become quite sore (external application), (1 or 2 drops), 57.
Lips dry, cracked, 11.
Lips dry and tense, in the evening, 14.
Burning in the angle of the mouth, with slight swelling on the outer border, lasting several days, 14.
Tension in the corner of the mouth, 14.

MOUTH

Teeth.
Drawing in the right lower eye-tooth, 14.
Sore pain in the left molar of the lower jaw on chewing, 14.
Gums. [130.]
Painful swelling of the gum of the inner side of the right upper jaw, 11.
Gum bleeds easily in the morning while washing, 14.
Tongue.
Tongue white, showing impress of teeth (one case), (after eighteen hours), 55.
Tongue coated white, 13, 26.
Tongue red, smooth, glistening, and dry in centre (second day), 60.
Tongue furred and dry (second day), 58.
An eruption plainly visible at the root of the tongue, on the soft palate, and on the posterior wall of the pharynx (third day), 54.
Swelling and numbness of the tongue, 40.
Burning and sensation of contraction at the tongue and pharynx (during twenty-four hours), 41.
Sensation of peppery heat, at first not very marked, but gradually increasing, successively felt on the palate, uvula, isthmus faucium, pharynx, tongue, and lips (after a few seconds), 63. [140.]
He stated that his tongue felt too large for his mouth, and appeared to be without feeling, and he had bitten it two or three times to ascertain whether there was any sensation in it. On examination, however, no change could be observed in the size or appearance of the tongue or parts about the mouth, 40.
Tickling painful sensation in the tip of the tongue, 13.
Feeling as though the tip of the tongue were electrically sensitive, with a sweetish bitter taste, 19.
General Mouth.
Inflammation of the mouth, lips, and pharynx, 23.
Swelling of the palate for several days, 26.
Some vesicles in the mouth on the hard palate, 32.
Some pustules in mouth (with return of burning in mouth and throat), (one case), (after eighteen hours), 55.
Dryness of the mouth, .

THROAT

Objective.
Redness and smarting of the throat (third day), 54.
Throat red and sore (second day), 60.
Hawking of mucus, which has a sour taste, like vinegar, 12.
Subjective.
Dryness in the throat, with sense of increased irritation of the pharynx, during inspiration, almost like a slight pharyngeal angina (in twenty-four hours), 1.
Throat dry.
Sensation as though a morsel were in the throat, which he was unable to swallow, 14.
Pain in throat (soon), 60.
Burning in the throat, 11 ; (immediately), 54. [180.]
Burning in the throat and stomach, 22.
Burning in the throat, as if he had eaten pepper, 12.
Burning and contraction of the throat and tongue, 37.
Constant burning and contraction of the throat, 24.
Sensitive burning and scraping in the throat, 13.
Burning pain in the throat, 40.
Intense burning sensation in the throat, and all down the œsophagus (after half an hour), 58.
Feeling of warmth in the throat, and along the œsophagus, sometimes extending to the pit of the stomach and lasting several minutes (immediately), 21.
Complaints that his throat was swelling, 40.
Scraping in the throat, 10. [190.]
Scraping in the throat, lasting six hours, 9.
Scraping in the throat, causing frequent hawking, 11.
Scraping at the throat, worse during an expiration, 46.
Scraping in the throat, followed by burning in the chest, 6.
Slight scraping in the throat, with sensation of warmth in the back of the mouth, lasting half an hour, disappearing after cold water (soon), 30.
Burning scraping in the throat and fauces, 13.
Rawness in the throat, 9.
Intolerably acrid sensation in the throat and all down the œsophagus, .

STOMACH

Appetite.
Very great appetite, after the pains had entirely ceased, 62.
Hunger, without appetite, 32.
Unnatural hunger, with emptiness of the stomach, 32.
Appetite diminished, 11. [220.]
Appetite and thirst very slight, 11.
Loss of appetite, 9, 12, 40.
Loss of all appetite, 27, 46.
Little appetite at lunch, with feeling of repletion after eating very little (after six hours), 1.
Loathing of his usual breakfast, soup a l'eau (in eleven hours), 1.
Although without appetite, and even with a feeling of fulness, he eats his usual allowance at lunchtime (after five hours), 1.
Thirst.
Considerable thirst (second day), 58.
Thirst intense, 60 ; (after one hour), 62.
Aversion to beer, 11.
Eructation and Hiccough.
Eructations, 9, 32 ; (after one, two, and four hours), 1. [230.]
Eructations of water in her mouth, 4.
Eructations, nausea, and weakness, 14.
Constant eructations of water from the stomach, 9.
Empty eructations, 11, 32.
Empty eructations, especially in the afternoon, 32.
Empty eructations followed by nausea, 9.
Acrid and burning eructations, 62.
Watery eructations, 12.
Bilious eructations, in the evening, 14.
Hiccough, yawning, 32.
Heartburn. [240.]
Heartburn, 14.
Heartburn, with some nausea; after dinner, .

ABDOMEN

Hypochondria. [320.]
Pressive pain in the left hypochondria (after nine hours), 1.
Pressure in the region of the spleen, 12.
Sticking in the spleen, in the evening, 14.
Throbbing in the region of the spleen, 32.
Umbilical.
Painful movements about the umbilicus, with increased pain on touch or pressure, 13.
Dull vermicular movements, with slight gurgling about the umbilicus, 13.
Tension between the umbilicus and pit of the stomach, 14.
Tension and movement about the navel, with pressure towards the anus, while lying down, 13.
Griping about the umbilicus, 9.*
Griping and pinching pains in the abdomen, about the umbilicus, extending to the left side of the bowels, 19. [330.]
Violent, dull, spasmodic pain seated in the umbilical region, more violent while sitting with the abdomen bent over than when erect or when walking, 13.
Pressure, with twinging, above the umbilicus, 14.
Cutting about the navel, as though two knives were cutting towards each other in the intestines, relieved by two evacuations; after which a watery stool follows, without any disturbance, 5.
Cutting pains about the umbilicus, 12.
Sticking to the left of the navel, 14.
Tearings about the navel, after dinner, 9.
Pains about the umbilicus, as though the intestines were twisting, followed by tearing in the left side of the abdomen (after one hour), 12.
Twinging and tension in the umbilicus, on going out, with pressing upward to the epigastric region, and sudden nausea, 13.
Coliclike pains about the umbilicus, 14.
Colic, so that she could scarcely get her breath; the cutting pain seemed to be about the navel, extending up to the stomach, and caused her to bend double; thence it extended to the left side of the abdomen, 12. [340.]
Very transient colic below the navel, in the evening, with distended abdomen, followed by urging to stool, .

RECTUM AND ANUS

Rectum.
Feeling within the rectum, as though purging would follow, 13.
Anus.
Swelling and burning extending to the anus, 23.
*Upon pressing upon the umbilicus, a painful sensation is felt down to the anus, where there is constant pressing outward, 13.
Burning about the anus, so that he was scarcely able to sit, 14. [430.]
Burning and itching in the anus, 13.
Feeling of constriction, with, at times, stitches in the anus, on walking, 11.
Dragging to the anus, as if diarrhœa would easily ensue, 13.*
Pain in the anus, as if a plug were sticking in it, and forcing outward, 13.*
Sore pain, with burning in the anus, after moving about, 14.
Stool, followed by very painful sore sensation within the anus, with feeling as though the rectum was swollen and would protrude, with constant desire for another evacuation; compression of the abdomen and pressure towards the intestines, causing pain extending into the genitals and ending in the glans penis as a sticking, so that, on account of the pain, he became very anxious and oppressed, and was obliged to keep as quiet as possible; accompanied by sweat upon the forehead and nausea, with vanishing of sight and hearing; the pain was more violent when the body was bent over than when sitting, riding, or walking, which latter he was scarcely able to do on account of a very sore pain on the outer portion of the anus; the pain was gradually relieved by rest, when the anus seemed to return and become contracted; this latter was followed by general prostration, ill-humor and loss of appetite, 13.
Scraping in the anus, immediately after a stool, 14.
Pulsating, sticking, and burning in the anus, 13.
Itching at the anus (after twelve hours), 1.
Itching at the anus, obliging him to rub, 30.
Urging. [440.]
Urging to stool, in the morning, in bed; on rising, a stool, rather soft, light-brown, followed by a very sore sensation in the anus, 13.

STOOL

Diarrhœa. [450.]
Diarrhœa, 24.
Diarrhœa, with urging, 32.
Hypercatharsis (larger doses), 57.
Free action of the bowels (repeatedly induced by putting two or three drops upon a surface denuded of its epidermis by a blister), (Rayer), 51.
Violent purging, with great pain in bowels (after eight minutes), passages being without pain and apparently involuntary; the fæces had numerous streaks of a white, shiny, emulsion-like substance mixed with a large quantity of clear glairy fluid (after three-quarters of an hour), 60.
Recurrence of purging, after the first attack had been relieved (one case), (after eighteen hours), 55.
Numerous evacuations, the first flocculent, the others yellow and green, 7.
Very frequent stools (two cases), 52.
Twelve diarrhœic stools, without colic (second day), 54.
Bowels were opened freely (after one hour and a half), and at intervals for the ensuing thirty hours; in all, some thirteen movements, 59. [460.]
Stool at first nodular, mixed with many white points, the second containing many white long (3") worms as large as threads; the remaining nine evacuations offensive and bilious, or slimy and at last watery, 6.
Ten copious, mucous stools, with some colic, but without tenesmus (after one hour), 62.
Five stools, with profuse sweat, especially on the forehead, 41.
Five soft, slimy evacuations, without griping, with some tenesmus, 25.
Four forcible evacuations, 41.
Three watery stools (second day), 12.
Acts upon bowels as a drastic purgative, causing three or four copious watery evacuations (1 or 2 drops), (after one or two hours), 57.
Bowels very freely opened, twice (after one and two hours), 58.
Two rather scanty diarrhœic stools, 53.
Two dirty-yellow, mealy stools, 11. [470.]
The usual stool in the morning was followed by a second, after three hours, 13.
Solid stool (soon), followed by a liquid stool with slight borborygmi and slight colic, in the epigastric region and hypochondrium; a third stool, also liquid (after two hours and a half); a fourth stool (liquid), (after three hours and a half); and a fifth stool, also liquid (after six hours and a half), .

URINARY ORGANS

Urethra.
Burning in the urethra, while urinating, 14.
Micturition caused burning in the urethra, 11.
Urging to urinate, 14.
Micturition.
Frequent micturition, 13, 14. [500.]
Micturition nearly every half hour, 11.
Increased secretion of urine, 11.
Increased secretion of urine, which was turbid and cloudy, 26.
Great increase of urine, 15.
Urine greatly increased in quantity, 33.
Passage of much yellow urine, 14.
Profuse secretion of urine, 10, 19.
Profuse micturition, at least equal to the amount of drink, 14.
Urine.
Urine pale, frothy, 13.
Urine pale, depositing a white sediment, 14. [510.]
Urine standing over night is pale orange-yellow, with a slight turbid sediment, which is at first somewhat flocculent, 13.
Urine which had stood through the night looked almost blood-red, and had deposited a thick mucous sediment, 11.
Urine, at night and in the morning, dark fiery red, depositing a very flocculent, turbid sediment, with some clearer substances; the surface covered with an oily pellicle, 13.
Foaming urine, in the morning, 14.
Turbid urine, 36.
Urine burning, soon becoming turbid, and depositing a copious brown sediment, 30.
The urine has a cloudy deposit, which, however, gradually disappears, and after twenty-four hours brownish crystals form, which seem to float where the clouds have been, and adhere to the walls of the glass, 14.

SEXUAL ORGANS

Male.
The inner surface of the prepuce is slightly inflamed and irritable, with some secretion, 32.
Constant painful erections, 13.
No erection in the morning during the proving, contrary to custom, 30. [520.]
Burning in the glans penis, while urinating, 14.
Burning in the glans penis on urinating, immediately followed by renewed desire to urinate, 14.
Painful sensitiveness of the penis, with redness of the glans, and stitches in the urethra, 13.
*Frequent corrosive itching on the glans penis and on the scrotum, 30.
Scrotum shrivelled, with severe itching, especially disturbing the sleep; relieved by scratching, which, however, caused a voluptuous sensation; this itching was troublesome for several days, 31.*
*Corrosive itching pain on the scrotum, lasting all day, worse while walking; there was no eruption, only redness of the part (third day), 29.
Left testicle retracted, the right relaxed, 14.
Drawing in the left spermatic cord hindering walking, 14.
Female.
Menstruation, scanty (after fourteen days), 3.

RESPIRATORY ORGANS

Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi.
Laryngeal catarrh, 32. [530.]
Collection of mucus in the larynx, which rattles somewhat, in the evening, 14.
Accumulation of mucus in the larynx, 13.
Accumulation of mucus in the larynx, with tickling and irritation, 13.
Constant collection of mucus in the bronchials, which he is unable to remove, 14.
Frequent hawking, cough, and irritation to cough, 14.
Pressure in the larynx, especially the left side, with the stool, 14.
Provocation to cough, with accumulation of mucus in the trachea, 32.
Voice.
Speech low, 13.
Voice hollow; he is obliged to hawk constantly, 14.
Voice rather hollow than hoarse, as though he had a severe cold, 14. [540.]
Voice husky (second day), 60.
Voice hoarse and rough, 14.
Cough and Expectoration.
Cough in the evening, with white mucous expectoration and oppression of the chest, 14.
Cough with difficult yellowish expectoration; spitting of blood, after which the yellowish expectoration continued a long time, 36.
Frequent cough, in the morning, with expectoration, 14.
Constant cough, 13.
Expectoration of much tenacious mucus, which tastes sour, 11.
Respiration.
Breathing short and hurried, 40.
Respiration slow and powerless, 59.
Respiration, 12, 22. [550.]
Oppressed respiration, 13.
Respiration impeded and painful, 36.
Anxious, oppressed, difficult respiration, 13.
Respiration difficult, with constriction of the chest, 13.
*

CHEST. [560.]

Feeling of hollowness in the chest, 14.
Peculiar discomfort in the chest and abdomen, 27.
Peculiar malaise in the chest and abdomen, which forces him to yawn and stretch, 46.
Feeling as though there was mucus in the lungs, which could not be removed by hawking, together with difficult breathing, and slight whistling, on deep inspiration and expiration, 14.
Pains in the chest, 36.
Fulness of the chest, somewhat impeding respiration, 13.
Fulness, pressure, and burning in both thoracic cavities, 13.
Feeling of fulness in both thoracic cavities, with burning stitches in the left thorax, and towards both scapulæ, 13.*
Tightness at the chest, 40.
Pressure, deep within, at the middle of the chest, 14. [570.]
Oppression of the chest, 14, 20.
Oppression of the chest, in the evening, 14.
Oppression of the chest on deep inspiration, 14.
Oppression and anxiety, 13.
Severe oppression of the chest, in the evening, 14.
Stitches in the left thorax, 13.
Tearing along the edges of the ribs, extending backward and down to the small of the back, 2.
Painfulness of the chest to touch, 14.
Sudden throbbing in the region of the aorta, 14.
Front.
Transient pressure over the sternum (after seven hours), 1.
Sides. [580.]
Pressive pain in the left chest, and left hypochondrium (after ten hours), 1.
Pressive pain in the left chest, with feeling of oppression (after twelve hours), 1.
Sticking in the left half of the chest, 14.
Sticking in the right lower third of the chest, during inspiration, 14.
Violent stitches through the middle of the left side of the chest, in the afternoon, .

HEART AND PULSE

Præcordium.
Very perceptible pulsation and throbbing of the heart, 13.
Smarting in the præcordial region on expiration, repeated after one hour, 14.
Frequent sticking in the præcordial region, 14. [590.]
Some jerkings in the left side of the heart, 10.
Heart's Action.
Palpitation of the heart in the afternoon, 14.
Palpitation after dinner, especially when lying down, 14.
Violent palpitation, 34.
Pulse.
Accelerated pulse, 26.
Pulse rapid and weak (soon), 27.
Pulse small and rapid (after three-quarters of an hour), 60.
Pulse small, rather rapid, 13.
Frequent and weak pulse, 46.
Pulse so weak and quick that it could not be counted (after three hours), 60. [600.]
Pulse 108, very feeble, 59.
Pulse 120 (after one hour and three-quarters), 60.
Pulse 150, and very weak (after two hours and three-quarters), 60.
Pulse small, weak, 64, 22.
Pulse full, 13.
Feeble pulse (one case), (after eighteen hours), 55.
Pulse weak and small, 33.
Small, contracted pulse (after four hours), 1.
Pulse at first weak and small, becoming stronger and fuller than usual, 33.

NECK AND BACK

Neck.
Pain in the muscles of the left side of the nape, on nodding the head (after four hours), 30. [610.]
Fulness extending up to the neck from the abdomen, with pressure in the pharynx, 14.
Pressure in the right side of the neck, 13.
Pressure and drawing in the cervical vertebræ, 14.
Sticking between the nape and occiput, 14.
Back.
Violent pains in the back and the lumbar region, in the space between the lumbar vertebræ, false ribs, and ilium, 56.
Lumbar.
Warmth starting from the lumbar vertebræ, 14.
Pains in the small of the back, 36.
Violent sticking in the region of the left kidney, in the afternoon, taking away the breath, 14.
Stitches in the left renal region (after four and a half hours), 1.

EXTREMITIES IN GENERAL

Trembling of the hands and feet, 11. [620.]
Weakness of the arms and legs (from the effluvia), 44.
Pains in the limbs, 34.

SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES

Heaviness and weariness of both arms, 13.
Tearing in the right arm, extending to the upper arm, afterwards down to the fingers, 12.
Shoulder.
Pressive pain in the right shoulder-joint, 14.
Sticking in the left shoulder-joint, 14.
Tearing in the right shoulder, 12.
Arms.
Heaviness of the upper arm, which is easily fatigued, 20.
Heavy tense sensation in both upper arms, 13.
Pain on the inner side of the left upper arm, 32. [630.]
A rheumatic pain in the left upper arm, waking him from sleep, disappearing during the day, 32.
Tension, weary pain, in both upper arms, 13.
Tension and pressure in the right upper arm, with sensation of weariness extending to the hand, 13.
Tearing in the right upper arm, and afterward in the right shoulder-joint, 14.
Sudden tearing pain in the left upper arm, especially in the deltoid muscle, lasting two hours (after four hours), 32.
Elbow.
Boring pain in the left elbow at noon, 14.
Forearm.
Drawings in the right forearm, 14.
Tearing in the left forearm, 14.
Wrist.
Drawing above the right wrist; in the evening, 14.
Fingers.
Drawings and tearings in the left middle finger, 14. [640.]
Tearing pain in the finger-joints of the right hand, lasting several hours, 30.

INFERIOR EXTREMITIES

Weariness and exhaustion in the lower extremities, 13.
Prostrated and exhausted feeling in the legs, 13.
Hip.
Tensive pain in the left hip-joint, which makes it difficult to rise from the seat, 11.
Thigh.
Paralyzed feeling in the left thigh, 14.
Awoke, after midnight, feeling as though the thighs were as heavy as lead, 13.
Burning and swelling of the nates where they approximate by the anus, after moving about, 14.
Itching burning in the middle of the left thigh, 14.
Especially painful pressure in the thighs, 13.
Sore pain between the left thigh and the scrotum (second day), 30.
Knee. [650.]
Tension and prickling in the knee-joints, 13.
Cramplike pain in the right knee-joint, transient (after ten minutes), 32.
Crawlings in both knees, 13.
(Crawling and tearing in the knee-joints), 13.
Leg.
Twitching of the legs during the midday nap, 14.
Pains in the legs and feet, 36.
Tearing in the left leg, 10.
Ankle.
Heaviness and pressure in the ankles, in the evening, 14.
Sticking extending from the right external malleolus to the forepart of the foot, 14.
Foot.
The feet failed him on going upstairs, 14. [660.]
Feeling of nervous weakness in the feet, 12.
Sticking on the margin of the left foot, as though she had turned it, while sitting, 12.
Rheumatic tearings in the left foot, 14.
Frequent pain, as if sprained, in the left foot, 32.

CROTON TIGLIUM. GENERAL SYMPTOMS

Objective.
Sudden emaciation, 36.
Trembling of whole body, 12.
Weakness, 26, 33.
Great weakness, 32, 36.
Great weakness on rising in the morning, with trembling of hands and feet, 11.
Very great debility, 48.
Prostration, 13. [680.]
Prostration of whole body, with frequent slight nausea, 18.
Stool followed by prostration, and some pain in abdomen, 13.
General prostration, 36.
State of collapse, 40.
During vomiting, and for two hours after, constant tendency to faint, and deathly, indescribable feeling of prostration (one case), (after eighteen hours), 55.
Attacks of faintness, 16.
Lay in a lethargic state, sometimes drawing himself up as if in pain (after three hours), 60.
Very restless; tossing convulsively about as if in pain (after one hour and three-quarters), 60.
Generally lying quiet on belly, but occasionally tossing about (after two hours and three-quarters), 60.
Anxious oppressed tossing about in bed, with loss of sleep, 13. [690.]
Uneasiness, 34.
Subjective.
Disinclination for every exertion, 13.
Weariness, 26.
Weariness, with prostration of the limbs, in the morning, on waking, 13.
General weariness and exhaustion, with ill-humor, 13.
Feeling of weakness, 32.
Sensation of complete dulness of the whole body, 13.
General sick feeling, 26, 34.
General sick feeling, worse after eating bread and butter; she was obliged to lie down, 9.
Discomfort after dinner, . [700.]

SKIN

Objective.
Redness of the skin (from triturating the seeds in a mortar), 41.
Slight redness of the skin, with a sensation of coldness, at last followed by slight warmth, 18.
Rubescence to a greater or less extent dependent upon the individual susceptibility; this gradually increases until a general, though moderate, tumefaction occurs, apparently affecting parts deeper seated than I have seen occur from the use of any other external irritant; this is succeeded, in a period varying from six to twelve hours, by numerous vesicles, some distinct, others confluent, differing in size and shape; at first containing merely limpid serum, afterwards distinct and consistent pus, and terminating in slight scabs. The redness produced is not of a vivid, but of a dull brickdust hue. These circumstances, though regular in their course, vary in extent according to the parts upon which the oil is applied; thus, on the abdomen, I have never been able to excite so active a rubescence as in other parts of the body. Over the muscular region of the arms and legs the effect is not so violent as where the bones are more superficially situated. The most powerful effects are produced upon the face, scalp, larynx, and chest, according to the observations I have made, in the order enumerated. When Croton oil is applied to the face and scalp it is frequently succeeded by erysipelas, but I have never seen any destructive or suppurating process established; whenever applied only erysipelas followed its use upon any part of the neck, abdomen, or extremities. In general, its effects are certain when applied to any part of the body, with the exception of over the abdominal muscles; at least I have never seen it fail of producing the sequelæ described when applied upon any other part of the body, 38.
Enlargement of a cutaneous gland in the right lower lid, half an inch from the caruncula lachrymalis; the skin is reddish and elevated, as large as a mustard-seed; disappearing after four days, 14.
Eruptions, Dry.
Eruption of red pimples as large as millet-seeds, with corrosive itching and sore pain when touched or rubbed (from external application), 29.
Erythema, with pustules (second day), forming crusts the next day, 28. [710.]
Eruption on the right side of the septum of the nostrils; when washing in the morning the spot was painful to touch, was red, of the size of a pea; on the same day it formed a small slightly elevated crust, which desquamated on the sixth day; the epidermis continued red and tender, and again desquamated, 14.
Burning-itching eruption round about the neck; some pimples appear seated on a red base, small, hard, and slightly elevated, lasting four or five days (after seven days), .

These different periods or stages are not uniformly to be observed; there are most conspicuous when the friction has been made with 10 or 12 dorps of the oil on a part of the skin where there is much subjacent cellular tissue. The patient at first experiences a tingling warmth, which is quickly followed by a considerable redness, extending an inch or so beyond the sphere of the rubbing. These appearances are generally noticed within seven or eight hours, sometimes one or two, at other times not for ten or twelve hours; the differences of time required depending, no doubt, on the delicacy of the skin. In from fourteen to twenty-six hours myriads of small, close-set vesicles make their appearance upon the inflamed skin; occasionally a few of the vesicles become greatly magnified, forming true phlyctenæ, filled with a turbid lymph, which speedily changes into a purulent matter. In twelve out of thirty-one case, reported by our author, the vesicles passed to desquamation without undergoing the suppurative process. The usual period at which the serum becomes puriform is from thirty-six to fifty-four hours after the application of the oil. In one or two days subsequently the pus begins to exude, and forms grayish crusts over the pustules, and the desquamation is generally over by the eighth or ninth day. If the Croton oil is rubbed upon any part which has been recently vesicated the eruption is, as we might expect, more speedy and abundant, 51. [720.]

A peculiar pustular and vesicular eruption (external application), 57.
Papulo-pustulous eruption (second day), 50.
The pustules are riper; their bases are inflamed; some are larger than others, and have already lost the inflammatory areola, but are full and tense. There are large phlyctenæ on the scrotum, and some pustules on the pubis; the glans penis is partly denuded of its epidermis (from the contact of the patient's hand covered with the oil). The urine is darker-colored; urinating causes pain at the end of the penis, owing to the condition of the glans and prepuce (third day), 50.
Not much smarting in the eruption; there is some heat. A general redness in the affected part, which is covered with numerous white, glossy, tense pustules, having but slight areolæ. Those which were in the same stage of development yesterday are now desiccated. Some small papulous vesicles have newly appeared; others, with areolæ, are just changing into true pustules (fourth day), 50.
The pustules which desiccated yesterday have left only a yellowish spot or crust, formed of pus and dried epidermis; those which were then at their height have sunken; there are visible very small elevations, without areolæ, remarkable for their regular shape, their small size, and the complete absence of surrounding redness; these are pustules developed between the laminæ and the horny layer of the epidermis ( intra-epidermic pustules ), (fifth day), 50.
General redness diminished. The pustules are less numerous, and among them are some which are projecting, sensitive, surrounded by areolæ, and whose contents are of a reddish hue, owing to blood-globules mingled with the pus; these are dermic or pustules. A pustule was noticed surmounted by another smaller one. This is the two-story pustule . There are some thick, crusts caused by the patient's scratching open the pustules (sixth day), 50.
Diminished eruption and redness; more crusts from torn pustules. An herpetic spot, which was situated at about the centre of the eruption, has almost disappeared (seventh day), 50.
The evolution of the latter pustules seems more speedy than on the first days, so that those which were fully matured yesterday have now hardly left a trace; even the raised epidermis has subsisted.

The two-story pustule , already observed, is developed; the top story, formed by an intra-epidermic pustule, has increased in size, probably from the effect of endosmosis; its circumference is no longer even with that of the lower pustule (eighth day), 50.

All the pustules have sunken; desquamation is beginning with the small pustules without areolæ (ninth day), 50.
Desquamation is proceeding; the herpetic spot appears again (tenth day), 50. [730.]
Here and there new pustules, glossy and tense, arrive at maturity, whilst others are desiccating; the herpetic spot has cleared off (eleventh day), 50.
When the scabs fall off from the scratched pustules they are succeeded by pits, while they leave the others still elevated, so that the hand perceives a roughness. Long after the scabs have gone their places are marked by a brownish discoloration, like the coppery hue of syphilides (twelfth day), 50.
The redness diminishes, and the desquamation continues to extend (fourteenth day), 50.
Formation of pustules and almost general inflammation of the walls of the abdomen, followed after several days by desquamation, 28.
Pustules thickly covering the whole scrotum and face; the pustules on the side of the scrotum were flattened and became suppurating ulcers; in other parts the pustules dried and desquamated, 35.
The whole abdomen, even where the oil had not been applied, was covered with numerous small elevated pustules, surrounded with bright-red areola, but without itching, and with no general symptoms (after two hours); violent itching began in the night, disturbing sleep and causing general discomfort; on the next morning the redness was less marked, and every pustule had a tip somewhat paler than the skin around it; pressure upon the eruption was not painful, but somewhat sensitive; gradually the pustules became pale, and disappeared, without crusts or desquamation; on the eighth day only a few pale-red spots remained, not larger than a grain of corn, 17.
Slight redness, soon followed by burning; on the next morning, while lying in bed on the left side, throbbing, tension, and frequent jerking in the left upper arm, extending to the fingers; this spasmodic jerking involuntarily contracted the fingers; they noticed a large number of large and small, isolated, red-pointed, and roundish pustules; the itching and burning were worse on touch or motion, especially on rubbing with the hand; the arm and shoulder felt heavy; the whole skin was slightly red; the place felt rough and uneven; the small pustules disappeared as whitish, shiny, small elevations; the whole skin became whitish; the large pustules remained red even after five days, when they gradually diminished, with only a very slight whitish desquamation, only noticed when rubbing with the hand, when a few small scales were found upon the hairs of the arm; an itching, which provoked scratching, remained for some two weeks, and also an alternating sensation of heaviness and tension in the upper arm, .

SLEEP AND DREAMS

Sleepiness.
Yawning, nearly the whole forenoon, 14.
Frequent yawning, 14.
Sleepiness, 13.
Sleepiness and prostration, 18.
Sleepiness towards noon, so that he wished to lie down; after lying down after dinner inability to sleep, with some palpitation of the heart, 14.
Great somnolence and weakness (from the effluvia), 49.
Almost irresistible desire to sleep, 26.
Easy falling asleep, followed by chill, especially across the back, 18. [760.]
Falling asleep from weariness, with numerous anxious dreams, 13.
After the vomiting, fell into a deep sleep which lasted four hours, 53.
Sleeplessness.
Sleep uneasy, 12.
Sleep uneasy, with many dreams, 11.
Sleep very uneasy and full of dreams, 18.
Sleep light, disturbed by many dreams, 11.
Sleep, with sudden waking, although he was unable to remember having a dream, 13.
Night restless; full of dreams, 13.
Sleeps lying on the back, and sudden awaking after an emission, 13.
Dreams.
Sleep very dreamy, 13. [770.]
Sleep disturbed by many dreams, 10.
Sleep, with heavy dreams, till 1 o'clock at night, when she was suddenly awakened by violent headache, 13.
Night full of interrupted dreams; he could not remember ever having passed such an anxious night before, 14.
Dreams about the occurrences of the day, during the afternoon nap, 14.

FEVER

Chilliness.
Surface cold, 40.
Surface of the body cool, 33.
Skin cool, clammy, 39.
Chilliness and shivering, 14.
Chilliness, especially in the abdomen, 8.
In the afternoon chilliness obliged him to seek his bed, where he did not get warm for a long time, 8. [780.]
Very transient attacks of chilliness extending especially over the whole of the back, 13.
Easily chilled, 19.
Coldness, especially of the lower extremities, so that she seemed covered with gooseflesh; she was obliged to lie in bed in order to keep warm, 2.
Sensation of coldness, weakness, and prostration, 22.
Shivering all over (in three hours and a half), 1.
Extremities cool, 22.
Extremities cold, 63.
Coldness of the feet, extending as far up as the calves, 14.*
Feeling of coldness in the abdomen, 14.
Sudden coldness and paleness of the hands, with fingers very much shrivelled, 13. [790.]
Feet cold (after one hour and three-quarters), 60.
Feet and legs cold (after two hours and three-quarters), 60.*
Extremities rather cold (after three-quarters of an hour), 60.
Heat.
Increased temperature of the whole body, followed by prickling-burning warm sensation, 14.
Warmth of body, especially of the face, 26.
Warmth over the whole body, followed by feeling of coldness in the region of the abdominal vertebræ, 14.
Warmth of the surface of the body, especially of the hands, which are usually cold, with remarkably swollen and prominent veins, 13.
Generally increased warmth of the whole body, with slight sweat, 13.
Skin, at first cool, becomes warm, and afterwards always profuse transpiration, .

CONDITIONS

Aggravation.
( Morning ), Immediately on rising, confusion of the head; on waking, head heavy, etc.; after rising, pain in abdomen, etc.; in bed, urging to stool; cough; on rising, weakness, etc.; on waking, weariness, etc.
( Forenoon ), Pressure in stomach.
( Noon ), Pains in head; pain in elbow; while sleeping, twitching of legs.
( Afternoon ), Eructations; stitches through left chest; palpitation of heart; sticking in kidney region; chilliness.
( Evening ), Lips dry, etc.; bilious eructations; sticking in spleen, colic below navel; passage of flatus; colic; mucus in larynx; cough, etc.; oppression of chest ; drawing above wrist; heaviness, etc.
( Midnight ), Fulness, etc.; at stomach.
( After midnight ), On waking, heaviness in thighs.
( Open air ), Confusion of head; vertigo , etc.; nausea, etc.
( Ascending stairs ), Dyspnœa.
( Beer with bread ), Pains in forehead, etc.
( Bending body ), Pain within anus.
( After bread and butter ), Sick feeling.
( On coughing ), Soreness in abdomen.
( After dinner ), Pains in head; heartburn, etc.; griping; especially when lying down, palpitation; discomfort.
( While eating ), Tearing in abdomen.
( After eating ), Symptoms always aggravated; colic.
( During expiration ), Scraping in throat; burning in fauces.
( Walking ), Sticking in forehead; pains in abdomen, etc.; colic; stitches in anus; pains in great toe.
( During inspiration ), Sticking in chest.
( Deep inspiration ), Pains in walls of abdomen.

SUPPLEMENT: CROTON TIGLIUM. Authorities.

64 , M. Andral, Gaz. Med. (Bost. Med. and Surg. Journ., vol. vi, 1832, p. 194), effect of application to the skin of from 4 to 20 drops in more than thirty cases; 65 , Dr. Maudezin, Gaz. des Hôp., 1869, p. 290, a child, æt. six years, took all at once 3 grams of Croton oil in a cup of coffee; 66 , G. H. Snead, M.D., Rich. and Louis. Med. Journ., 1872, p. 651, Mrs. S. took two teaspoonfuls of Croton oil mixed with two parts of sweet oil.

The child was taken with the most acute pain in the epigastric region, followed by violent, extremely profuse vomiting for three-quarters of an hour. After this she fell into a profound sleep for a quarter of an hour, when she called for food. She had no more pain in the epigastrium or abdomen, and had only two profuse stools. Afterwards there was a fine vesicular eruption on the lips caused by contact of the oil; in other respects the child seemed well, 65.
Burning sensation in stomach and bowels; rapid and drastic purging (soon); pulse 150 and scarcely perceptible; entire surface bathed in cold, clammy sweat; countenance sunken; copious watery choleraic dejections every few minutes (after two hours), 66.
A few hours after the friction (supposing this to have been employed for some minutes) the patients experienced a smart tingling in the part. In some this sensation was transient; in others prolonged, but never to such and extent as to produce troublesome nervous disturbance; at the same time there appeared a great number of little red points, at the apices of which there were soon perceptible little pustules which, within from thirty to fifty hours, had become fully developed. Many of these became united, and there formed large patches filled with white opaque fluid. The eruption increased for three or four days, after which it remained stationary, and subsequently died away like small-pox. In some cases where the oil was applied to the face the eruption was more copious and intense than else where. 64.

Croton Tiglium