Jaborandi

Pilocarpus pinnatus.

Natural order , Rutaceæ.

Common names , (Brazilian), Iaborandi, Jaborandi, or Jamborandi.

Note: This plant is used by the South American Indians as the special antidote to the bite of serpents of the Trigonocephalus group.

Preparation , Tincture of the leaves.

Authorities.

1 , Prof. Gubler and M. Coutinho, effects of infusions of about 50 grains, of the powdered leaf in about 6 ounces of water, taken cold (or hot), Journ. de Thérap., 1874, No. 5; 2 , same, effects on the urine; 3 , Albert Robin, Journ. de Thérap., 1874 and 1875, experiment with 6 grammes of powdered leaf; 4 , same, general effects observed in ninety cases, healthy and sick; 5 , same, effect on vision (in a patient with acute bronchitis, and in one convalescent from acute alcoholism); 6 , same, sphygmographic tracings 1 to 5 in a healthy individual; 7 , same, effect of an infusion of 5 grammes of leaves, in a laboring man; 8 , same, effects on pulse and temperature, in healthy persons; 8 a , same, effects of 5 grammes in a very susceptible subject; 9 , same, effects of 20 c.c. of elixir in a healthy subject, aged 19, tracings 6 and 7; 10 , Ringer, Pharm. Journ., Nov. 1874, effects in two boys, about 11 years old, of an infusion of 1/2 drachm; 11 , Ringer and Gould, Practitioner, 13, 389, four experiments on three healthy boys; 12 , Martindale, from Ringer, Phil. Med. Times, 1875, effects on self of a "full dose;" 12 a , same, effect of extract applied to eye, in thirty instances; 13 , Martindale, Pharm. Journ., 1875, effects on self of an infusion of 60 grains of leaf in 5 ounces of water; Note: Symptoms do not coincide with No.

12; 14 , Dr. Bisset Smith, Brit. Med. Journ., 1875, p. 174, a healthy boy, aged 17, took infusion of 6 grammes; 15 , F. V. Green, M.D., Phil. Med. Times, Oct. 1875, effects of 1 drachm of fluid extract, in a patient suffering from syphilitic rheumatism, dose repeated after five days; 16 , same, repeated doses in another syphilitic patient; 17 , same, a patient with orchitis and incipient bronchial trouble, with largely dilated pupils, took 1 fluid drachm of extract; Note: The pain entirely ceased and cough disappeared next morning; 18 , William Craig, Edin. Med. Journ., Jan., 1876, effects of an infusion of 1 drachm; 19 , Strumpf, general effects of infusion in a large number of cases, Br. and F. Med.-Chir. Rev., 1876, from Deutsch Archiv.; 20 , Lewi, Hirschel's Zeit. f. Hom., 20, p. 97, general effects; 21 , Dr. W. L. Watkins, Amer. Obs., 13, p. 348, provings 5th and 4th dec. dil., five days, no effect, 3d dil. on sixth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, fifteenth days, 2d dil. on nineteenth, twenty-fourth, thirty-sixth days, 1st dil. thirty-seventh day, tincture 10 drops, forty-fourth and forty-fifth days; 22 , Dr. W. Irving Thayer, of Brooklyn, MS. proving sent to the editor of this work (for day-books see Trans. N. Y. State Hom. Med. Soc., N. S., vol. iii), took 1st cent. dil., six doses of 10 to 20 drops each, first day; 1st dec. dil., five doses, 10 to 60 drops each, second day; six doses of 1/5th dil. third day; tincture, five doses of 5 to 10 drops each, fourth day; four doses, 15 to 40 drops each, fifth day; four doses, 30 to 80 drops each, seventh day; three doses, 75 to 100 drops each, ninth day; three doses, 15 to 25 drops each, twelfth day.

MIND

• Confusion of mind, 20.
• Disinclination to speak (in one case), 10.

HEAD

• Vertigo.
• A little vertigo (after fifteen minutes), 7.
• In rare instances, there is slight vertigo, but this was observed in only two cases, 4.
• General Head.
• Head feels empty (after one hour and a quarter), 7.
• Uneasiness in the head (after five minutes), 13.
• Slight uneasiness in the head, which during the forenoon increased to a pain in the occiput, then extending to the forehead; this disappeared late in the afternoon (after one hour, sixth day), 21.
• Headache (after three hours and a half), 13 ; (thirteenth day), 22.
• Some headache (after one hour and ten minutes), 7. [10.]
• Headache came on towards dinner-time (noon), but did not affect my appetite (fifteenth day), 21.
• Headache had disappeared in the morning, but came on again during the day, and lasted until I went to bed (sixteenth day), 21.
• Headache almost every day just about noon, for over two weeks after taking, 21.
• Headache and suffocative feeling (forty-fourth day), 21.
• Headache, dull pain, mostly on the left side, during the soreness of throat (twelfth day), 21.
• Headache returned about noon; dull aching pain same as before, hurried breathing, pressure on the chest, and great anxiety, with palpitation of the heart, with pain in region of heart. These symptoms lasted five days, becoming less severe each day (twenty-fourth day), 21.
• Forehead.
• Front and top of head have a dull throbbing ache, at 7.30 P.M. (twelfth day), 22.
• Suddenly a headache, throbbing pains in the forehead and top of the head; next came pains in chest and around the heart; pain in forehead became less, but increased in severity in the chest and about the heart (forty-fifth day), 21.
• Occiput.
• Pain in the lower part of occiput (fifteenth day), 21.
• Aching pain in the lower part of the occiput, which increased in severity for two hours, when it gradually passed off (after one hour, seventh day), 21. [20.]

EYE

• Objective.
• This morning, also yesterday morning, noticed bright-red spot upon cornea of right eye near the iris. In both eyes a vascular appearance, as from cold or overwork (fifth day), 22.
• After waking, found the cornea injected with blood and quite red, at 5.30 P.M. (seventh and ninth days), 22.
• Lids.
• Eyelids stiff and heavy, very heavy (thirteenth day), 22.
• Lachrymal Apparatus.
• Augmentation of the lachrymal secretion (after ten minutes), 17.
• Some lachrymation (after twenty minutes), 9 ; (after fifty minutes), 7.
• Ball.
• Eyeballs begin to feel very sore when he rolls them, at 7.30 P.M. (twelfth day), 22.
• Pupil.
• Pupils slightly dilated, 13. [30.]
• Contraction of pupil (nineteen cases), 12a.
• Pupil contracted (after fifty minutes), 7.
• Pupils slightly contracted (after one hour); additional contraction of pupils (after two hours and a half), 16.
• Action of pupil rendered sluggish (eleven cases), 12a.
• Vision.
• Disturbance of vision, 20.
• When the perspiration and flow of saliva were at their height sight became so dim that he could scarcely see a spittoon held near his mouth (after half an hour). Slight still dim; cannot distinguish objects brought close to his eyes (after one hour). Vision suddenly restored, quite spontaneously (after two hours), 5.
• Slight became blurred; at the distance of four feet I could see my wife, but could not distinguish her eyes; the impaired vision continued, but it was only at a distance; near objects I could see distinctly enough (after three-quarters of an hour), 13.
• Mist before his eyes (after forty minutes); he could not see anything on the other side of the ward, a distance of about twenty-five feet, but he could see any one standing by the side of his bed distinctly; the pupils were not altered from their normal condition (after one hour and ten minutes); no derangement of vision (after one hour and forty minutes), .

NOSE

• Nasal discharge begins (after thirty-five minutes), 7.

FACE

• Slight increase of color (after half an hour, ninth day), 22.
• Redness and heat of face; feels throbbing of temporal arteries, and increased warmth in the face, but skin still dry (after fifteen minutes), 3.
• Face and body very red (after twenty-eight minutes), 7.
• Flushing of the face (after ten minutes), 17 ; (after half an hour), 16 ; (after thirty-five minutes), 15.
• Flushing of the face, ears, and neck (after half an hour); flush of face had passed off (after one hour and three-quarters), 15.
• In those instances in which sweating took place the face became flushed, and was most marked when the perspiration was greatest; the flush involved the cheek and the ears, but soon passed away and was succeeded by pallor, 11.
• Face covered with suffused flush (one case), 10. [50.]
• Slight paleness, as the action of the medicine began to decline, 16.

MOUTH

• Tongue.
• Tongue covered with a light fur (took China , at 10 A.M.) (thirteenth day), 22.
• General Mouth.
• Great dryness of the mouth (after twelve and twenty-four hours), 20.
• Heat in mouth (after fifteen minutes), 7.
• Saliva.
• Secretion of saliva began to increase (after five minutes), 13.
• Secretion of saliva above the normal (in one case); very profuse (in second case), 10.
• Secretion of saliva began to increase (after five minutes); the saliva for a time required almost constant ejection; the secretion of this from the glans in the cheeks caused a kind of collapsed feeling in them; saliva distinctly alkaline, measured 16 ounces in addition to that which flowed on the pillow while I slept, 13.
• Profuse secretion of saliva, 20.
• Salivation sets in (after fifteen minutes), 9.
• Salivation commences (after twenty minutes), and in a few minutes after, the mouth is literally flowing with water; this continues for four or five hours, and during that period from 10 to 16 ounces of fluid may be easily collected, 18. [60.]
• Commencement of salivation (after fifteen minutes); increased salivation (after twenty minutes); salivation has been diminishing for ten minutes (after one hour and fifty-five minutes); no salivation (after three hours and five minutes), 8a.
• Salivation begins (after fifteen minutes); flow of saliva decidedly set in (after twenty minutes); salivation at its height; spits fifteen times a minutes (after thirty-five minutes); salivation less (after one hour and a quarter); still some salivation (after one hour and fifty-five minutes), 7.
• Free salivation, with profuse sweating (after three-quarters of an hour), 1.
• Profuse salivation (after ten minutes), 17.
• Salivation profuse (after thirty-five minutes, and one hour and a half); action of salivary glands still continuing (after three hours and a half); total amount of saliva of 13 fluid ounces, 15.
• Salivation and perspiration continued to be profuse until my sight became blurred, 13.
• There was some salivation in all the experiments, and in two cases it was profuse; but in the lad on whom, two observations were made the effect on the salivary glands was very slight. The salivation was much more profuse in the lad whose skin remained dry. The salivation when it occurred to a marked extent, began simultaneously with the sweating, was greatest when the sweating was most profuse, and lasted as long as the sweating. When the increase of the saliva was but slight, it was difficult to tell when the increase began, or how long it lasted. In the case of the lad who failed to perspire, the salivation became profuse in fifteen minutes, and so continued during three hours and a quarter, and then in a less degree for seven hours, .

THROAT

• Dryness of back of throat (after fifty minutes), 3.
• During the forenoon my throat felt dry and inflamed; everything swallowed caused a scraping sensation; in the afternoon the inflammation increased; the tonsils were slightly swollen and the jaws a little stiff; this soreness lasted for two days (seventh day), 21.
• Quite a sore throat, smarting pain; headache, dull pain, mostly on the left side; breathing hurried; the sore throat and headache lasted all day and evening till I went to bed (twelfth day); the next morning the headache had gone, but my throat felt so sore that for a time I seriously feared an attack of diphtheria; it gradually wore off, however, during the day, and the next day I was quite well, 21.
• External Throat.
• Moderate swelling of the submaxillary glands (after twelve and twenty-four hours), 20. [80.]
• Pain in the submaxillary glands (second day), 20.

STOMACH

• Appetite.
• When I took the drug I felt quite hungry, but soon after taking it the hunger left me, and on sitting down to breakfast I could not eat; about two hours afterwards became very hungry (fifteenth day), 21.
• Thirst.
• Urgent thirst (after three hours and thirty-five minutes), 3.
• Eructation and Hiccough.
• Eructations and vomiting, 20.
• Hiccough, 20.
• Nausea and Vomiting.
• Felt squeamish, although I was able to attend to business (second day), 13.
• Sickness (in both cases), 10.
• Sickness of the stomach (after three hours and a half), 15.
• Was sick and vomited a quantity of saliva which I had swallowed (after one hour and a half); putting my finger into my mouth vomiting was further excited, until a portion of the Jaborandi returned, 13.
• They were a little sick, faint, and prostrate, 11. [90.]
• Vomited half an hour after eating supper, 16.
• In some cases vomiting is produced, either at the beginning or end of the effect, 4.
• The lad who failed to perspire vomited; the vomiting came on suddenly and was not repeated, 11.
• Stomach.
• Distress at the stomach (which may be owing to the alcohol in the tincture, more than to the Jaborandi); it is a burning pain, not that dyspeptic ache experienced yesterday (fifth day), 22.
• Considerable distress, both in the stomach and lower half of œsophagus, especially the latter feels constricted, aching heavily (took Puls. 1st, at 3 P.M., which completely controlled the dyspeptic distress), (thirteenth day), 22.
• Dull, heavy distress in the pyloric portion of the stomach, as though some hard indigestible substance was lying there, relieved by eating a full meal, at dinner-time (fourth day), 22.
• Constrictive feeling in the stomach, as though the rugæ were puckered up (probably owing to the alcohol of the tincture, as it was taken clear), (seventh day), 22.

ABDOMEN

• Empty, gone feeling in the bowels (twelfth day), 22.

STOOL

• Diarrhœa.
• Stool at 6.30 A.M., very loose, came with a gush; stool at 7.30 A.M., stool at 8 A.M., all thin, watery, yellow, and came with a gush; at 9.30 A.M., another stool; at 10.30 A.M., another; at 11.30 A.M., another; at 1 P.M., the eighth stool; has felt a goneness, an emptiness, from the diarrhœa, but no pain whatever; at 3.25 P.M., another stool, which came with a gush, yellow, watery, undigested, no pains; at 5.25, stool like the last; at 6 P.M., stool; felt a little weak at night, having had eleven copious, watery, undigested stools since 7 A.M. (twelfth day), 22.
• Continues to have from five to ten stools a day, of a yellow color, and watery, painless. (Took two small doses of

Gummi gutt ., 3d trit., which cured the diarrhœa), (sixteenth day), 22. [100.]

• Five painless stools during the day, yellow, thin, watery, better digested (fourteenth day), 22.
• Three stools during the day (his usual number); the last one, at 8.30 P.M., somewhat harder, constipated (second day), 22.
• Two stools during the day (eighth day), 22.
• Two movements during the day, more papescent (seventh day), 22.
• Two stools only during the day, the first at 7 A.M., more papescent than three days before; the second at 9 A.M., thin and yellow (tenth day), 22.
• Stool at 7 A.M., papescent and very large (ninth day), 22.
• Stool thin, better digested, with more control over sphincter ani, at 9 P.M. (twelfth day), 22.
• Stool yellow, better digested, but came with a gush, at 2 P.M. (thirteenth day), 22.
• Bowels moved at 7.30 A.M., with this difference, the discharges were less papescent than heretofore; the first portion of the evacuation was 5/8 of an inch in diameter and about 5 inches in length; the latter portion was papescent, color dark-brown (fourth day), 22.
• Constipation.
• Constipated; two motions in the day instead of three, as usual (fifth day), 22. [110.]
• Stool at 7 A.M., and again at 7 P.M., both exceedingly difficult to evacuate, consisting of long, large, and very dark fæces (eleventh day), 22.

URINARY ORGANS

• Burning in the urethra in two cases, with urging to urinate, 20.
• Secretion of urine increased (750 c.c. during the perspiration), 20.
• When administered in fractional doses, Jaborandi does not produce either perspiration or salivation, but becomes a powerful diuretic, 2.
• The quantity of urine diminishes in a very noticeable manner on the day the remedy is administered, but on the next day there is sometimes a slight augmentation, sometimes the usual amount, 2.
• Urine dark-colored, 20.
• The urea diminishes on the day the Jaborandi is given, increases slightly again on the next day, and then falls to the normal amount, 2.
• Chlorine and the chlorides, as well as the uric acid, also undergo the same quantitative changes, and diminish on the first day only to increase on the second, 2.
• Augmentation of the bronchial secretions (after ten minutes), 17.
• We noticed an increase of the bronchial secretion, indicated by a loose cough, only in the lad previously quite free from catarrhal symptoms, on whom two observations were made, and in whom but a slight increase of salivary secretion occurred; the bronchial secretion was much more abundant in the first than in the second observation; indeed, in the second there was very little cough, 11. [120.]
• Hurried breathing (after two hours, nineteenth day), 21.
• Breathing hurried, during the soreness of throat (twelfth day), 21.

CHEST

• Pains in chest and around the heart (forty-fifth day), 21.
• Could not get to sleep for two hours after going to bed, on account of anxious and oppressed feeling in the chest (eleventh day), 21.
• Pressure on chest, and great anxiety, with palpitation of heart, and pain in region of heart (twenty-fourth day), 21.
• Sense of heavy pressure on the chest, hurried beating, and great prostration; symptoms became so bad that I was obliged to go to bed; for half an hour after going to bed, could only breathe with great difficulty (forty-fifth day), 21.
• Pains in chest, of a stitching character (after two hours, thirty-seventh day), 21.

HEART AND PULSE

• Præcordium.
• Pain in region of heart (twenty-fourth day), 21.
• The pains about the heart were very severe, accompanied with severe palpitation; this condition lasted two hours in its severest form, then gradually abated (forty-fifth day), 21.
• Heart's Action.
• Palpitation of heart (after two hours, nineteenth day), 21.
• Pulse. [130.]
• Tracing No. 1 represents the normal pulse of the subject; its general aspect is rectilinear, excepting a very slight curve corresponding to a respiratory movement; the ascending line is short and somewhat oblique; the descending line nearly horizontal; the natural dicrotism is well marked. At the commencement of sweat the pulse becomes more rapid, and the tracing assumes a different appearance; its general outline becomes a little crooked; the rising line is larger and more upright; the descending line, therefore, more oblique, with more of the dicrotic character. At the height of the sweating period, the general outline becomes strikingly irregular; moreover, the beats are no longer isochronous, some being shorter than others. When the morbid activity of the secretory organs had passed off, the general outline becomes regular again, but the ascending line is shorter and more oblique, the descending line longer and nearly horizontal, with hardly a trace of exaggerated dicrotism, 6.
• Sphygmographic tracings, taken at different stages of the administration of this drug, showed almost complete asystolia, with a very noticeable diminution of vascular tension during the sweating stage, 2.
• Pulsation was quickened while the action of the medicine lasted (in both cases), 10.
• In each experiment the pulse became considerably quicker, the increase varying from forty to fifth minutes; the pulse reached its quickest in twenty-five to eighty minutes after administration; the quickened pulse continued more than four hours; no close relation existed between the rapidity of the pulse and the fall of temperature; in one lad whose pulse was intermittent, the medicine entirely removed this irregularity, 11.
• At the moment the sweat was produced, there was an increase of the pulse and of temperature; then during the period of active sweating, it was sometimes noted that these two elements remained at the same point as at the outset of the experiment; sometimes there was a slight diminution; but after sweating, a very notable lowering of the pulse and of the temperature were observed, which sometimes lasted two days after the experiment (in thirty-two experiments), .

Pulse. 8.

No234 Before taking.

796078 Beginning of sweat.

" 85100 Maximum of sweat.

8785100 Decline of sweat.

" 8496 After sweat.

786678 First day after.

725478 Second day after.

" " "

GENERAL SYMPTOMS

• Very soon the face becomes red; the temporal arteries throb more strongly; then there is a peculiar feeling of heat in the mouth and on the face, and the flow of saliva begins. In a little while the forehead becomes moist, and the face more red; then beads of perspiration appear on the forehead, cheeks, and temples. The flow of saliva increases, all the salivary glands successively contributing to this effect; the mouth is filled with immense quantities of fluid, and expectoration is incessant; at the same time perspiration covers the face and neck; then the whole body becomes red and moist, and a pleasant warmth is experienced; in a few minutes perspiration breaks out over the whole surface, and soon runs down on all sides. Meantime other symptoms have supervened. The eyelids first become moist, then the lachrymal secretion gradually augments, and after collecting in the canthi, rolls slowly over the cheeks; at the same time there is a copious discharge from the Schneiderian membrane, increased by the tears which escape through the nasal canal; moreover, there is heightened activity of the mucous glands of the back-throat, trachea, and bronchi. All these effects reach their maximum of intensity in about three-quarters of an hour after taking the drug, continuing thus for thirty or forty minutes. Lying on one side, that the saliva may run more freely, the patient spits ten or fifteen times a minute; the flow is so rapid that he can scarcely speak; the salivary glands are enlarged, and the mouth becomes hotter. From time to time the mucous accumulations in the bronchi are cleared away by a slight cough; the sight is dimmed by the flow of tears. The body is bathed in perspiration; a shirt is wet through in a few moments. Now, a feeling of comfort, or of weakness, at the case may be, is experienced. Thirst is intense. The pupils are slightly contracted. By degrees the excessive activity of the secretory processes is diminished; in an hour and a quarter, or an hour and three-quarters, the lachrymation, the nasal discharge, the bronchial expectoration and finally, the flow of saliva, and the perspiration, are sensibly lessened, and the parts involved gradually return to their normal condition. When the perspiration and flow of saliva have ceased, the subject is prostrated and drowsy. The parts which secreted so copiously are now very dry, especially the mouth and back-throat. There is also much thirst, 4. [150.]
• A few minutes after is was taken there was a subjective feeling of warmth, and the face presented a more or less red, appearance, and the skin felt warmer than usual. Soon afterwards the salivary glands began to pour out their secretion more copiously into the mouth, and then a feeling of nausea supervened, which, however, usually disappeared in a few minutes, although in fever patients vomiting sometimes occurred. A few minutes after the commencement of the secretion of saliva the skin became moist, at first on the chest, and then successively on the other parts of the body, the upper extremities pouring out enormous quantities of perspiration, but the lower ones being less affected. About an hour after the drug was given there was generally a disturbance of vision, distant objects being misty and indistinct, and only near ones being distinctly visible. About an hour and a half afterwards the patients complained, for the most part suddenly, of great nausea and retching, often with hiccough, and these symptoms sometimes terminated with vomiting. Three or four hours after the medicine was taken the secretion of sweat diminished and gradually disappeared, that of the tears and that from the nose had already ceased, and only the secretion of saliva continued, and usually only for a few minutes. The disturbance of vision and nausea also soon ceased, but the appetite was impaired, and the patients complained of headache. At the same time a desire for sleep often supervened, and the patients sunk into a deep slumber, lasting for several hours, and when they woke all the symptoms generally disappeared, with a few exceptions. The most striking and constant symptom in the action of Jaborandi is the hypersecretion of certain glands of the skin, and of particular mucous membranes, and the sweat-glands are chiefly called into heightened activity. The loss of fluid by the skin and lungs is estimated at about five times the natural amount. The salivary secretion is also notably increased, and likewise the tears are augmented, and the secretion from the nose. The effect on the secretion of the urine is not constant, but it is clear that the amount of this fluid will be diminished under the enormous loss of water by the skin and the saliva, .

SLEEP AND DREAMS

• Sleepiness.
• In three cases the medicine produced considerable drowsiness, the lad falling asleep during the observations, 11.
• Sat down to read the evening papers, and went to sleep in spite of myself; slept half an hour, at 5 P.M. (seventh day), 22.
• Feels quite willing to retire, and does so, at 7.30 P.M. (twelfth day), 22.
• Is in the habit of retiring to bed at about 9 P.M., and laying with book in hand and reading for an hour or more; was so sleepy he could not read; always sleeps well, but for the past two nights has slept very profoundly (fourth day), 22.
• Sleep at night very profound (second day), 22.
• Slept one hour in the daytime, very profoundly ; since proving, his slumber is very heavy (thirteenth day), 22.
• Slept soundly last night (always sleeps well); is generally, disposed to talk in his sleep; talked more last night (sixth day), 22.
• Sleeplessness.
• Did not sleep well that night, from restlessness, and on account of sensation of firm pressure on the chest, with hurried breathing (fifteenth day), 21.
• Fell asleep at 9.30 P.M., and spent one of the most wretched nights he ever remembers; a good smart fever, increased pain in the head, none in the abdomen, general malaise, no thirst; very restless, talking, moving, with some delirium (twelfth day), 22.
• Dreams. [170.]
• Towards morning, sleep disturbed by very distressing dreams ( Bell . 1st relieved the fever and restlessness), (thirteenth day), 22.
• Dreamed of accidents and fights, which woke me up twice during the night (eleventh night), 21.

FEVER

• Chilliness.
• In patients not suffering from fever the drug caused in only a very few cases some lowering of the temperature of the body, but in the fever cases, ten in number, the temperature fell in seven, 19.
• In each observation a decided fall in temperature occurred. In two cases accompanied by sweating the fall amounted to 1° Fahr., and in another, likewise accompanied by sweating, it reached 2.6°; but as this observation was begun in the afternoon and continued until the evening, it is impossible to tell the proportion of the fall assignable to the medicine and to the natural diurnal fall, which in children of ten to twelve, usually begins between 4 and 5 o'clock. The reduction of the temperature persisted for the rest of the day, but in the two morning observations the lowest temperature was reached in about one hour and a half after the administration of the medicine. In one case the fall began immediately; in another case in forty minutes; in another instance in eighty minutes. In the lad whose skin remained unperspiring, there was a fall of 0.6°, which, beginning forty-five minutes after the administration of the medicine, lasted only two hours and a half, 11.
• The temperature was not taken, but the depression was never very great; but I began to shiver (after three-quarters of an hour), 13.
• In taking his temperature 98.5°, he was obliged to uncover himself, and immediately felt cold, with horripilation and griping in the bowels, as after a purge, but there was no movement. This last symptom ceased in a quarter of an hour; the chills still sooner, since he again began to perspire most profusely, immediately on covering up (after twenty-five minutes), 3.
• The temperature usually sank from .3° to .6° Cent. during the first three hours, and then rapidly regained the normal rate, 20.
• Temperature fell quite on degree, although at first it was raised a little (in both cases), 10.
• Began to feel cold, chilly, up and down the back, at 7 P.M. (twelfth day), 22.
• Heat.
• At the moment the sweat was produced, there was an increase of the temperature and of the pulse; then during the period of active sweating, it was sometimes noted that these two elements remained at the same point as at the outset of the experiment; sometimes there was a slight diminution; but after sweating, a very notable lowering of the temperature and of the pulse was observed, which sometimes lasted two days after the experiment (in thirty-two experiments), 2. [180.]
• Temperature 37.2° (before taking); 37.4° (after fifteen minutes); 37.5° (after twenty minutes); 37.6° (after twenty-eight minutes); 37.5° (after thirty-five minutes); 37.4° (after fifty minutes); 37.4° (after one hour); 37.2 (after one hour and ten minutes); 37.1° (after one hour and a quarter); 36.3° (after one hour and fifty-five minutes); 36.3° (after two hours and five minutes); 37.2° (second day), .

Temperature (Centigrade), 8.

No1234 Sex.

M

Age.

24204027 Preparation used.

Leaves.

Extract.

Leaves.

Dose.

6 gr.

4 gr.

1.20 gr.

5 gr.

Before taking.

37.1° 36.9° 37.2° 37.2° When beginning to sweat.

" 37.7° 37.6° 37.6° At height of sweat.

37° " 37.5° 37.4° At decline of sweat.

36.5° 37.4° " 36.3° After sweat.

36.8° 37.2° 37.3° 36.4° First day after sweat.

" 36.9° 37.2° 37.2° Second day after sweat.

" " 37.2°

CONDITIONS

• Aggravation.
• ( About noon ), Almost every day, headache.
• Amelioration.
• ( Eating ), Distress in stomach.

SUPPLEMENT: JABORANDI. Authorities.

23 , Mr. John Tweedy, Nashville Journ. of Med. and Surg. (New Eng. Med. Gaz., vol. xi, 1876, p. 336), conclusions from experiments on himself; 24 , John M. Keating, M.D., Philad. Med. Times, vol. vii, 1877, p. 434, Dr. Hull took one scruple of the leaves in infusion; 25 , J. B. Tyson, M.D., Am. Journ. Med. Sci., 1877 (2), p. 132, A. C. took a drachm of the powdered leaves infused in about 8 fluid ounces of water; 26 , same, L. D., a woman, took the same; 27 , C. M., a man, took the same.

• Contraction of the pupil. Tension of the accommodative apparatus of the eye, with approximation of the nearest and farthest points of distinct vision. Amblyopic impairment of vision from diminished sensibility of the retina. The effects, however, do not last long. In his case the approximation of the near and far points of distinct vision declared itself in a quarter of an hour, and reached its maximum in about forty minutes. It then gradually subsided and entirely passed off, and the eye resumed its normal state in about an hour and a half, 23.
• Passed 960 cubic centimeters of urine in the twenty-four hours, containing 19 grams of urea (before experiment); 1026 cc. of urine, containing 20.7 grams of urea (in twenty-four hours after experiment), 25.
• Passed 1000 cc. urine, sp. gr. 1018, in twenty-four hours, containing 19 grams of urea (before experiment); 900cc. urine, sp. gr. 1022, containing 27 grams urea (after experiment), 26.
• Passed in twenty-four hours 1620 cc. urine, sp. gr. 1018, containing 24.3 grams of urea (before experiment); 1800 cc. urine, sp. gr. 1012, containing 27 grams urea (after experiment), 27.
• The first effect, which came on about eight minutes after drinking the infusion, and chewing and swallowing about one half of the leaves, was a profuse flow of saliva, which continued about three hours. During this time at least thirty or forty ounces must have flowed. Following closely upon this was the diaphoretic effect, which was extremely profuse, the perspiration running off in drops, and saturating everything. In about half an hour sudden and severe pain was experienced in the bladder, shooting down to the urethra, and causing exclamations of pain. This was followed by cutting pain in the lower bowel, though there was no tendency to diarrhœa. It became so severe as to necessitate an opium suppository, which afforded great relief. About this time (one hour after taking the drug) cardiac irregularity was noticed, with great weakness and rapidity of action, and a nervous, restless condition, with a constant yawning. There was gradually developed a dimness of vision, and soon surrounding objects, beyond a couple of inches from the eye, became indistinct. A watch held closely could be read with case. This condition lasted several hours, when nausea came on followed by severe vomiting, ejecting the contents of the stomach, finally bile, and then passing off as a continued retching. The unplesant effects were counter-acted by the administration of whiskey, about two drachms, in water, and I fell asleep to awake next morning in a weak, languid state, with excessive dryness of mouth and continued thirst, 24.