Lilium tigrinum

Volume I — Special Symptomatology

{Tiger-Spotted Lily.)

Description. — The Tiger Lily is a well-known, showy, orange-colored, coarse-flowered garden plant, very abundant in cultivation, and is a native of China and Japan. The stem is from four to six feet high, unbranched and woolly. Leaves scattered, sessile, three- veined, the upper cordateovate. The axils bulbiferous. Flowers large, in a pyramid, at the summit of the stem, dark orange-colored, with black, or very deep crimson, somewhat raised spots, which give the flower the appearance of the skin of the tiger. It blooms in July and August.

Officinal Preparations. — Tincture of the flowers and pollen; dilutions.

Analogues. — Agaricus, Belladonna, Cimicifuga, Cactus, Helonias, Murex, Podophyllum, Platina, Sepia.

Mind and Disposition.

Female. — Great depression of spirits, with fearfulness and apprehension of an impending fatal internal disease, or that it was already preying upon her; constant inclination to weep (very marked); blurred vision, all objects appearing very indistinct.

Despondent and gloomy, with loss of memory and great difficulty in expressing her thoughts, often selecting wrong words, but in making the correction would as often take other words quite as inappropriate; great fear and dread of insanity.

Does not want to be pleased, and don't want to talk, but wants to sleep, and, during sleep, very unpleasant dreams.

*From the exhaustive resume of Dr. Paine, in American Observer and N. Y. Transactions for 1872. {Hale.)

"Wild feeling in the head, with confusion of ideas; pressure and a crazy feeling on the top of the head, rendering her incapable of recording her own symptoms; fear of insanity, and that, should she become insane, there would be no one to take care of her; worse at night, but better in the morning.

Opposite mental states; she feels nervous and irritable, and yet she feels jolly.

Cannot think; acts without thought; keeps walking fast, as if by instinct; feels hurried, does not know why; is forgetful; cannot decide for herself;, must depend upon others.

Both the social and moral conditions were profoundly affected; dislikes to be alone, though formerly she preferred it, but has no dread of being alone; sexual desires strong, though formerly weak; can repress the desire by keeping very busy, but as soon as occupation ceases the desire returns in full force.

Male. — Irritable in the evening, with disagreeable dreams at night, and unrefreshing sleep.

Obtuseness of intellect, with inability to find the right words with which to express his thoughts; forgets what he is about to say; vertigo, especially when walking; a feeling as if intoxicated; staggering forward.

Makes mistakes when speaking, using wrong words, with fullness and heaviness in the forehead, especially the left side; dim sight and weakness of the lower limbs, as if unable to support the body.

In half-waking dreams, occurrences which took place in quick succession seemed to be at very long intervals; for example, when his son got up to urinate, the intervals between getting up, urinating and going to bed again seemed very long.

Great apprehensiveness of the prover that he had mistaken the nature of his heart symptoms, and that instead of medicinal symptoms he was suffering from organic disease of the heart.

Head.

Intense, blinding headache in the forehead, commencing between five and six o'clock p. m., continued two hours, then changed to the back part of the head and extended down the neck, leaving a strange muddled feeling about the head, with general weakness and desire to lie down.

Heavy feeling in the head, with morning diarrhoea, griping in the bowels, nausea and abundant saliva.

Pain all over the head, with a heavy sensation as if too full of blood; congested feeling as if blood would issue when blowing the nose; must support the head with the hands; worse when walking in the open air; better at sunset.

Pressing sensation of fullness in the temporal region, with a bursting sensation; a feeling as if the contents of the skull would issue through the ears and surrounding parts, relieved by pressure with the hands.

Frontal, stinging, burning headache, with a sensation as if a rubber band were stretched over the head ; the head feeling so muddled that he could not lecture, could not concentrate his thoughts, but self-possession was regained as he went on.

Headache in the morning on waking, which gradually increased, when at noon it became very severe, passing from the forehead and temple to the protuberances of the occiput, dull, pressive and heavy, continuing through the afternoon, evening and night, with irritability of temper.

Dull headache; the pain moved continually from the sinciput to the occiput of the left side, but seemed at last to concentrate in the left temple, with frequent urination.

Headaches gradually diminish, though they maintain usual character of evening aggravation; at the end of ten days only slight tenderness on the left side of the head, forehead and temple remained.

° Suspended the recurrence of sick headaches (to which the prover had been accustomed) during the whole course of the proving, and for some time longer.

• Headaches; especially those depending on uterine disorders.

Scalp. — Fine, rash-like eruption about the forehead, and around the border of the hair, with much itching. Eyes and Sight.

Eyes. — Intense pain in both eyes, extending backward into the head, with great dimness of sight.

Right eye very sensitive to gaslight, with intolerable burning pain subsequently extending to the left eye, and continuing for several days.

Burning in the eyes after reading or writing, and feeling of great general weakness.

Sight. — Blur before the eyes after a night made restless by lascivious dreams and seminal emissions toward morning, attended by difficulty in keeping the mind fixed upon the subject under consideration, selecting wrong words with which to express his ideas.

Blurred vision, cannot see objects distinctly, with loss of appetite, aversion to coffee, nausea when thinking about it; frequent desire to pass urine, but in small quantities; faint in a warm room and when standing, with cold perspiration on the back of the hands and feet; tearfulness and apprehension of some impending evil.

Dimness of sight, with intense pain in both eyes, extending into the head; shooting pain in the right temple, passing over to the left; crampy pains in the left mammas and fingers, and pressing pain in the right arm and wrist, beginning at seven o'clock v. m., and continuing through the night.

Muscm volitantes at various times.

Eyesight, which was always weak, hypermetropic, wearing 1-14 glasses, is now much worse; this aggravation continued for more than four weeks, when the eyes had returned to their natural condition with this improvement; whereas formerly she had a habit of turning the head toward the left when reading, in order to see the whole of a letter, for example, s p d and f u, when looking straight forward, could see only the straight part of the letter and not the curve; now can see the whole letter distinctly without looking sideways.

Ears.

Rushing sound in both ears.

Nose.

Frequent sneezing at ten o'clock p. m., relieving a severe, burning headache, and pain in the eyes.

Sensation as if blood would issue from the nose when blowing it, with feeling of fullness and heaviness of the head.

Heat and fullness of the face and head.

The left cheek bright and red hot in the morning on awakening.

Mouth and Throat. Hawking mucus from the throat, with constant disposition to vomit.

• Hawking of mucus, with constant nausea.

Taste and Appetite.

Taste. — Taste of blood in the mouth, with severe congestion of the chest; weak beating of the heart.

Great craving for meat, and the more pronounced the symptoms the greater the desire.

Voracious hunger, seemingly in the back, extending along the vertebral column, and up to the occiput, not appeased by eating.

Loss of appetite, and aversion to bread particularly, continuing for three weeks after the last dose of the drug, with depression of spirits; disposition to weep; pressing in the rectum (from prolapsus uteri '/); cold chills in the back, particularly after going to bed, with hot flushes toward morning.

0 Loss of appetite cured.

Thirst. — Great thirst, drinking often and much.

Gastric Symptoms. Frequent eructations, with great distention of the stomach,

and escape of flatus from the rectum [constant during the

proving].

Constant nausea, with the sensation as of a lump in the stomach, which moved down at every attempt to swallow, but immediately returned.

Nausea, with pain in the back; aversion to food; depression of spirits, and disposition to weep.

Sweetish nausea, no desire to vomit, with feeling of fullness of the abdomen after eating very little; eating does not increase the nausea; nausea and full feeling in the abdomen subside after discontinuing medicine two days. Stomach.

Hollow, empty sensation in the stomach and bowels. Great distention of the stomach and abdomen, with flatulent movements, relieved by passing wind up and down. Abdomen.

Bloated feeling of the bowels after a meal, continuing after a diarrhoeic discharge.

Griping pain in the abdomen, commencing at from three to five o'clock p. m., increasing till late in the evening, and ending with a free bilious evacuation, which evacuation was followed by smarting in the rectum.

Griping pain in the abdomen after each morning diarrhceic discharge, with nausea, abundant saliva and heavy feeling in the head.

Weak, tremulous sensation of the bowels, extending to the

rectum, continuing through the night. Dragging down sensation of the whole abdominal contents,

extending to the organs of the chest, greatly feeling the

need of support. Sensation as if the bowels were greatly bloated, but they are

not so.

Constant burning pain across the lower part of the abdomen from groin to groin.

Pressure downward and backward against the rectum, aggravated by standing; relieved by walking in the open air 01 riding.

Stool.

Dark colored and very offensive stools in the morning on rising, followed by smarting and burning sensation, extending from the rectum high up into the abdomen, continuing for several hours.

During the day time a stool every half hour, lumpy, small and diarrhoeic, with escape of flatus; constant tenesmus and a

feeling as though she could sit on the stool forever, with burning in the urethra. Abdominal muscles unbearably sore just before stool, but less

so during stool. Tenesmus and great desire to go to stool, but every effort

resulted in the voiding of a little urine only.

Urinary Organs. Frequent desire to urinate in the latter part of the night and

early morning, with acrid smarting sensation after every

discharge. (The acrid, smarting sensation always occurs

after, and not during the flow.) Urine milky in appearance when first discharged, but on cooling, deposits a thick, reddish sediment. Urine scanty, milky, thick and roily in appearance when cool,

with frequent desire to pass it, every passage is followed

by smarting and burning in the urethra. The urinary tenesmus and smarting after every passage,

together with the morning diarrhoea, and acrid smarting

in the rectum, continued to recur for more than six weeks

after the last dose of the drug was taken. A feeling of irritation in the bladder, with inclination to

urinate, but can control the desire by an effort of the will. Frequent desire to urinate through the day, with smarting in

the urethra; if the desire is not immediately attended to,

a feeling of congestion of the chest ensues (male). Reproductive Organs. Vagina. — Itching and smarting of the labia, with great

uneasiness of the parts. Smarting and feeling of irritation of the labia, with great heat,

as though the parts were inflamed, and sharp, incisive

pains extending upward into the vagina. Great tenderness to touch, of the whole sexual organs. Pressure and weight low down in the vagina. Pressure in the vagina and pain at the top of the sacrum

extending to the hips. Uterus. — Pain in the sacrum, with a sensation of weight and1

downward pressure in the lower part of the abdomen

(pelvis?), which continued for six days, very severe; worse when standing.

Bearing down in the lower part of the abdomen for more than twenty days, with constant nausea; a sensation as of a lump in the centre of the chest which moved downward by empty swallowing, but immediately returned; severe pressure in the rectum and at the anus, and a constant desire to go to stool, but with every effort to evacuate the bowels, a little urine only was discharged; sensation as if a hard body were pressing backward and downward against the rectum and anus (in the provers), standing aggravated and increased the desire to go to stool.

Great weight and pressure in the region of the uterus, with downward pressure, as though the whole contents of the abdomen would pass out through the vagina.

Great bearing down in the uterine region, with a sensation when on the feet as though the 'whole pelvic contents would issue from the vagina if not prevented by hard pressure with the hand against the vulva, which there was a constant and uncontrollable inclination to do.

Severe dragging down sensation in the whole sexual organs, with a feeling as though the whole internal parts were being pulled downward from the breasts and umbilical regions, through the vagina, and an uncontrollable desire to press the hands against the vulva to prevent the parts from escaping, with irritability of temper, anxiety and dread of impending evil (constant throughout the proving).

Severe neuralgic pains in the uterus, could not bear to be touched or moved, nor even the weight of the bed clothes; the slightest jar of the bed was torture. This condition continued an hour and a half, and suddenly passed off without leaving any lameness of the parts. On examination the uterus was found to be in an anteverted position. Anteversion of the uterus was found to he 'present in three provers, and resting a diagnosis upon well proved subjective symptoms, there can be little doubt that this condition of the uterus existed in a fourth case, though, owing

to extreme sensitiveness of the prover, it was not verified by touch.

• Prolapsis uteri/ anteversion/ retroversion/ uterine inflammation, sub-acute/ endo -cervicitis.

Leucorrhoea — Thin, acrid leucorrhoea, which from leaving a brown stain upon the linen was mistaken for a return of menstruation, though the menses had ceased but a week before; the leucorrhoeal discharge attended and followed severe bearing down pains in the uterine region; the bearing down pains, four days later, culminated in severe labor-like pains simulating those of an imminent miscarriage, worse in the afternoon till midnight, then better till the next afternoon, when all the symptoms of the previous day returned; the leucorrhoea becoming more acrid and excoriating, producing a rash-like eruption and swelling of the labia.

Bright yellow leucorrhoea, excoriating the whole perimeum, with scanty menstruation, not one-fourth part as much as usual.

Profuse acrid leucorrhoea following immediately the cessation of the menstrual flow.

Ovaries. — Dull, drawing pain in the left ovarian region, relieved by gentle pressure on the part with the hand.

Great tenderness from pressure over the left ovarian region, with darting pains extending to the groin of that side, and the pubes in front, and frequent desire to pass urine, which was small in quantity, and followed by an acrid, smarting sensation in the urethra, continuing for several minutes.

Continued stinging sensation in the left ovarian region, with a sensation of fullness and voluptuous itching in the vagina.

Pains mostly in the right ovary, but some days later it was most severe in the left, extended down the anterior and internal side of the left thigh, with aggravation by walking, seeming, when one step was made, that another could not be taken ; nevertheless, a feeling of restlessness compelled her to extend and flex the limb as in walking; this

disposition she could not resist, though she knew the effort would be followed by greater pain; the effort, rather than the act of moving the limbs, seemed to aggravate the pains. She could not decide which pelvic pain was worse, that in the back or that in the front. Burning pain in both ovaries in the morning, with burning higher in the abdomen, and four loose, dark stools before eleven o'clock a. m. ; stools very urgent, could scarcely wait.

Gnawing pain in the right ovarian region, with a dragging sensation, aggravated by walking, and a sensation as if something w ere shaking loose in that region whenever the right foot was planted heavily upon the floor or ground as in walking; also gnawing pain in the back, worse in bed, and continuing all night.

• Sub-acute and chronic ovaritis, and neuralgia of the ovaries. {Hale.)

Catamenia. — Menstruation came on at the usual time, normal in quantity, and continued to flow as long as she kept moving about, but ceased to flow whenever she ceased walking.

Menstruation returned [hemorrhage?] after having been absent two years in the case of a person who had passed her climacteric.

Menstruation returned in two weeks, slight in quantity, dark

in color, thick, with odor like that of the lochial discharge. Menstruation too scanty, not one-fourth part as much as usual,

followed by profuse bright yellow leucorrhoea, so acrid as

to excoriate the perinseum.

Sexual Instinct. Female. — Voluptuous itching in the vagina, with feeling of

fullness of the parts. Sexual desire strong, though formerly not so; can repress it

by keeping very busy, but as soon as occupation ceases

the desire returns in full force. Male. — Sexual desire, which has been dormant for years,

roused into activity. Lascivious dreams, with seminal emissions toward morning,

followed by weakness and a feeling of irritability, and great difficulty in keeping his mind fixed upon the subject under consideration, frequently selecting wrong words to express his idea. Mamma. — Severe cutting pains in the left mammary gland, extending through to the left shoulder-blade, aggravated by lying on the left side (constant throughout the proving).

Sharp, cutting pains in both mammary glands, extending from the left mamma through to the left shoulder-blade and to the spine.

0 Clinical. — In several cases of delayed post-partum recoveries, the Lilium has accomplished all that could be desired. When the uterus is slow in returning to its normal condition; the lochial discharge continues too long, is profuse and excoriating; pain in the back and hips, bearing down and dragging from high up, when in an upright position or at stool, as if the whole pelvic organs would escape through the vagina if not prevented by firm pressure with the hand against the vulva ; painful smarting in the urethra after passing urine ; constipation, with itching, painful hemorrhoids, or morning diarrhoea ; fears the presence of an internal disease from which she never will recover, and dreads insanity. Lilium tigrinum 30 effected r. prompt change for the better. (Paine.)

Respiratory Organs.

Larynx and bronchia. — Cough dry and hard, coming in sin gle coughs.

Respiration. — Oppressed breathing, with oppression in the lower part of the chest, aggravated about four o'clock in the morning.

Desire to take a long breath frequently, and sighing, which appeared to come from the lower part of the abdomen.

Out of breath when ascending, obliging her to stop; seemed as if it proceeded from the heart.

Oppressive heat and congestive feeling of the chest; a kind of ebullition, worse in the evening, must go into the fresh

air for relief, but going into the fresh air increases the headache.

Feeling of compression of the chest and great weight; a feeling as if the chest had too much blood in it, producing a choked, suffocated sensation, that might be relieved by letting out the blood; slight relief from sighing. Chest and Heart.

Chest. — Sharp twinges, followed by a dull, drawing sensation in the left side of the chest, extending upward to the clavicle.

Hot, congested feeling in the chest; generally chilly feeling,

and chills, especially in the face. Heart. — Thirteenth day after commencing the proving, heart

symptoms appeared; sudden fluttering of the heart, after

walking, felt less when very busy. Hurried, forcing feeling about the apex of the heart, with

fluttering and general faint feeling; could do nothing,

obliged to put aside her work; relieved by sitting still. Sharp and quick pain in the left side of the chest, with fluttering of the heart. Sensation as if the heart were squeezed in a vise, as if the

Mood had all gone to the heart, producing a feeling as if

the 2?rover must bend double/ inability to walk straight. Heavy feeling, as if the blood were shut up in the heart; pulse

small and weak; a sensation as if blood did not reach the

radial artery in suflicient quantity. Weak beating of the heart, with severe congestion of the chest;

bloody taste in the mouth ; severe left-sided headache;

dizziness; feeling of faintness; blur before the eyes, and

fear of falling.

Awakened from sleep at night with a distressing, pressive pain in the region of the heart and palpitation.

Constant pain in the region of the heart, increased by bending forward, stooping, or on lying down.

Heaviness aud pressure in the region of the heart, almost unbearable after eating.

Fluttering or palpitation of the heart; cold hands and feet, covered with cold perspiration.

Violent beating of the heart, and throbbing of the carotids, preventing sleep when lying on either side.

Heaviness in the region of the heart, and palpitation when lying on the left side; worse at night and when lying down.

The heart symptoms were all worse at night, and there was great fearfulness that he had mistaken his case, and that he was really suffering from an organic disease of the heart instead of medicinal symptoms, though he had never had such symptoms before.

Arteries. — Conscious pulsations over the whole body, and outpressing sensation in the hand and arms, as though the blood would burst through the vessels Back.

Cervical. — Drawing sensation in the muscles of the neck, left shoulder, and stitching pains in the left mammary gland, increasing after two o'clock p. m.

Dorsal. — Pain in the dorsal vertebras, as if the back would break.

Lumbar. — Sharp pain in the lumbar region, extending over the right hip to the umbilical region, ameliorated by rubbing.

Steady pain in the small of the back, spreading from the spine both ways toward the kidneys, continuing all day after a restless night.

Sacral. — Pain in the sacrum.

Coccygeal. — Sensation of pulling upward from the tip of the os coccygis.

Upper Extremities.

Fore arms. — Pressing pain in the right arm and wrist, with cramps in the fingers.

Hands. — Burning heat in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, extending up the limbs, with constant searching for a cool place, aggravated at night.

Cold hands and feet, with profuse, cold and clammy perspiration, keeping the hands and feet constantly wet.

Stiffness of the fingers, almost like paralysis; great difficulty in holding and guiding the pencil to write.

Lower Extremities.

Boring pain in the right hip joint; stiff feeling of the muscles of the thigh, and pain in the ankle, going down to the toes.

Stitches coming and going throughout the day in the right hip joint; with chilliness and headache, increased as the even ing advanced.

Severe drawing pain in the right hip, extending down the outside of the thigh, relieved by moving the limb from place to place.

Pain in the left thigh, aggravated by walking, yet the pain was so much worse after having ceased to walk, she was impelled again, though she knew after doing so she would be worse again.

Aching of the legs; with inability to keep them still in bed; worse when giving up control of herself, as when trying to sleep.

Severe pain in the ankle joints and second joint of the fingers, making the motion of a carriage very painful; bruised feeling in the soles of the feet, and great muscular sore ness, making pressure of the clothes painful. Fever.

Chills in face, extending downward, with a more general chilly feeling than in cold weather, at the chest.

Chills running from the face downward, with constriction of the chest, as if too narrow or too much crowded with blood, and burning heat over the body the whole night, with queer, half- waking dreams.

Great heat and general lassitude in the afternoon, with throbbing pulsations over the whole body, and out-pressing sensation in the hands and arms, as though the blood would burst through the veins.

Sleep.

Inability to sleep, with wild feeling in the head, as if she would be crazy.

Inability to sleep for a long time, eyes wide open; at length went to sleep lying on the back with the knees drawn up.

Sleep unrefreshing, broken by disagreeable dreams, with groat irritability in the evening.

General Symptoms.

Some of the pains are ameliorated by change of position, while

others are aggravated. Symptoms return every day from five to six o'clock p. m.,

gradually increase through the night, and abate at about

eight o'clock a. m. [Constant throughout the proving.] In some cases the uterine symptoms are better after riding,

and exercise in the open air. With some of the provers, the symptoms of the reproductive

organs were more clearly defined on the left side, while

with others more on the right, but generally more on the

left.

The pains occupy small spots, as if produced by hand pressure with the ends of the fingers. (Compare Oxalic acid.)

After the symptoms have entirely disappeared, they return again very suddenly in the same order, without any apparent provocation.

The muscles of the whole body feel sore and bruised, rendering stepping, the motion of a carriage, and even the pressure of the clothes very painful.

Convulsive contractions of almost all the muscles of the body, and a feeling as if she would be crazy if she did not hold tightly upon herself.

Most of the symptoms better when walking out of doors in the open air, when the cool air strikes the uncovered head and face, and worse in a close, hot room.

Characteristics.

All the symptoms return again and again, after having disappeared, but diminished in degree at each successive return.

The social and moral conditions are profoundly affected, generally changed to their opposites, though in some instances they seem very contradictory.

The symptoms connected with the female reproductive organs, and the consecutive moral conditions, are very pronounced and peculiar; the ovaries are the seat and origin of peculiar sharp and burning pains; backache; dragging, bearing down sensation in the uterine region, seeming to drag even from the thorax and shoulders, and, at the same time, pressure on the rectum and bladder producing a constant desire to evacuate these viscera, as in cases ol prolapsus uteri, were very marked and persistent, and physical exploration showed that the uterus was actually prolapsed and anteverted.

Volume II — Special Therapeutics

The Tiger-spotted Lily, so common in gardens, has lately risen from its position as an ornamental plant, cultivated only for its flowers, to a high rank as a therapeutic agent. The honor of introducing this remedy into our Materia Medica belongs to Dr. W. E. Payne, of Bath, Maine. He was assisted in making the provings, which go to make up the pathogenesis, by such eminent men as Drs. C. Dunham, L. M. Kenyon, and Lilienthal, aided by many other physicians, medical students, men and women.

Dr. Payne’s elaborate and exhaustive resume, of all the provings appeared first in the Transactions of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1871. This will be found transferred into the first volume of this work (Materia Medica).

Dr. Payne, after giving the botanical description of the plant, says :

The reported death of a child in convulsions, by eating the pollen of the flower, suggested the idea of proving the drug, and the hope of finding in it additional means of combating the sometimes formidable convulsions arising from acute and chronic meningeal irritation, prompted the execution of the work. Though the hope is not realized in the proving, yet the promise in a class of diseases which, from their multiplicity, have become the bane of female happiness, is sufficiently strong to inspire confident expectations that this drug will henceforth hold an important place in the homoeopathic Materia Medica.

The sphere of action of the Lilium is clear and unmistakable. The symptoms all point to the reproductive organs as the startingpoint of its pathogenetic effects. Study first its direct effect on the ovaries, the uterus, and the homologous organs in the male. In all it causes a series of pathological conditions, ranging all the way from si tuple functional irritation up to subacute inflammation, and, finally, nearly all the uterine displacements.

But the action of the drug does not stop here. Through its action on the reflex nervous system, which it renders excessively sensitive, a host of sympathetic symptoms occur. Nearly every organ and tissue of the body, even the mental sphere, become involved in the general and widespread irritation.

Select almost any symptom at random from the pathogenesis, and you will be able to trace it back to its origin in the generative organs.

There is such a thing as a pathological keynote to every drug, if its pathogenesis is complete, just as there are symptomatic keynotes to all medicines.

I propose to point out to you both kinds of keynotes in the pathogenesis of Lilium, and at the same time give you such clinical experience and therapeutic deductions as will be of service to you in practice.

The Lilium has been used very extensively since the first appearance of any provings of it, and while many of our best practitioners are very enthusiastic in its praise, others assert that it has disappointed them. This discrepancy may be explained in several ways : First. All new remedies, with vivid and promising pathogeneses, lead us to expect too much from them.

We prescribe them, expecting to see prompt and brilliant results; such hoped-for results do not come as soon as we desire and we are disappointed. Second. It is claimed by Dr. Dunham, who has studied the remedy critically, that neither its curative nor pathogenetic effects appear promptly as a rule. “Sometimes,” he says, “they do not appear for days or weeks after it is administered.” If this be the case, it will account for its many failures. Few physicians are content to wait many days for the evidences of the action of any remedy, except in obstinate chronic cases. They therefore soon change the medicine, and the new one either antidotes the Lilium or gets the credit of the Lilium cure.

The dose of this remedy is as varied as the experience or the whims of physicians. It has been used in every potency and curative* effects claimed for each. In the hands of eclectic physicians the infusion of the flowers and leaves is credited with just as brilliant cures as the lm in the hands of our highest dilutionist !

A study of the provings does not render it certain which organ, the uterus or ovary, is first affected. As the ovary is the real centre of the reproductive organs, it is probable that it is really the organ first affected.

Both ovaries are involved in the Lilium irritation — the left in one prover, the right in others, and both together in several provers.

It is homoeopathic to ovarian irritation , with its consequent effects — frequent and profuse menses. In this respect it resembles Platina, Calcarea, and Sabina.

It is indicated in ovarian congestion, which sometimes retards menstruation and makes the flow scanty. In this it resembles Sepia, Conium, Lachesis, and Pulsatilla.

Subacute and chronic ovaritis are amenable to its curative action. It rivals Apis mel., Belladonna, and Cantharis, which correspond, however, to the intenser grades of ovaritis.

It is probable that a judicious use of ovarian remedies might prevent many cases of ovarian tumor. Of all these remedies, Apis has the characteristic symptom which is common in women threatened with such tumors, namel y , sudden fainting without any apparent cause. Next in order is Lilium, which, if reports can be relied on, has cured many incipient tumors. I am inclined to the belief, however, that these tumors were simple enlargements of

the ovary , benign in character, the result of congestions and irritations. I do not believe any medicine is capable of resolving an ovarian cyst, or an ovary enlarged by the deposit of solid matters. In simple hypertrophy Lilium may be curative.

If any remedy known to us possesses the power of removing by absorption a solid ovarian tumor, that remedy is the Iodide of barium.

In neuralgia of the ovaries I have often found Lilium useful. It is indicated for burning, stinging, and darting pains, but especially when attended by cutting pains in the mammce, one or both.

Lilium is not particularly indicated in dysmenorrhoea, by its direct menstrual symptoms. If it is indicated at all, it is probably in the neuralgic, or congestive variety, but I think it will never be found as useful as Viburnum, Xanthoxyllum, or Caulophyllum. In painful menstruation from uterine displacements it will probably be found most useful, for it corresponds to nearly all.

Lilium has this symptom: “ menses cease to flow when she ceased walking.” This is analogous to the effect of Cactus and Causticum. I have a patient whose menses cease to flow when she walks, and flow only when lying down, just the opposite of Lilium.

The uterine symptoms of Lilium are of a character closely similar to its ovarian ; the pathological conditions are similar. Gynaecologists teach that all uterine displacements, flexions, etc., are caused by congestions, inflammations, and enlargements of that organ. Of these causes, congestion is undoubtedly the most potent. This is the reason that Lilium possesses the power (as demonstrated by actual examinations during the provings) of causing anteflexion and version. It is reasonable to expect that a drug capable of causing anteversion, would be capable, if used long enough in provers of various ages and conditions, of causing the other flexions of the uterus. Repeated or intense congestion, occurring in a previously healthy woman, with uterus in situ, would cause anteversion, rather than retroversion. But if the prover had already a prolapsus, or if she had borne many children, and the womb was low, she would get retroversion from the same amount of congestion.

The assertion that displacements are caused by relaxations of the uterine ligaments, is not founded on pathological facts. The

I

relaxation is probably secondary, and does not belong to Lilium effects. Such medicines as Helonias, Aletris, or Ferrum, meet such a condition specifically.

It is possible, then, if the symptoms correspond, to remove a flexion or version of the uterus by the aid of Lilium. I say by the aid , for I do not believe any medicine can restore a dislocated uterus to its normal position, unless we have the aid of position, or some artificial support, for a sufficient time. We may with Lilium alone ward off an impending displacement or flexion, or cure a very slight one, but not one that is fixed or has lasted long.

Neuralgia of the uterus is closely imitated in the provings of Lilium, and I have often cured some severe cases. It may be useful in those conditions now known as cervicitis, mucous cervicitis, endo- cervicitis, and mucous metritis.

The leucorrlicea of Lilium is peculiar in character, being acrid and excoriating, causing a rash on the labia, and an intense irritation of the whole vaginal canal, even to vaginitis. As this kind of leucorrhoea is indicative of mucous inflammation, it follows that Lilium is indicated in all the inflammations of the generative canal, from the mouth of the vagina to the end of the Fallopian tubes.

Its primary effect in both sexes is to cause increase of sexual desire, but I do not think this so much an effect on the mental sphere, as it is a result of the local irritation of the vagina, vulva, and other tissues near the clitoris. The sexual desire is controlled by the will, and by keeping busy; and it is notable that the desire to urinate caused by Lilium is controlled in the same way.

The abdominal and intestinal symptoms are of a double character; a portion of them depend upon the specific irritation of the drug upon mucous surfaces; the other portion on its uterine symptoms. This will be seen readily by any physician conversant with the symptoms of uterine disorders.

The symptoms of the stomach, appetite, and renal organs may be classed in the same category. It will relieve morning nausea of pregnant women, or the nausea from uterine irritation. It corresponds with some of those longings and aversions so common in women during pregnancy, or suffering from ovarian and uterine disorders. Many of the head symptoms are reflex, but it may

prove curative in sick headache, in congestive headache, and some neuralgic cases. The congestive headaches simulate those of young girls before menstruation has set in.

The action of Lilium on the mental and emotive sphere is purely reflex, and from the irritation of the generative organs.

It is homoeopathic to hysteria, to those strange and abnormal mental manifestations which occur in women with uterine disorder, or men who have abused their sexual organs by excesses, etc.

I make no doubt it will prove useful in cases of insanity when caused by disordered conditions of the genital' apparatus.

The mental symptoms are similar in some respects to those of Ignatia, Crocus, Platinum, and Cimicifuga.

The eye symptoms would imply that the oculist may find it a valuable remedy in some functional disorders of vision. Dr. Bell says that in one form it improved a hypermetropia after aggravating it. Dr. Woodyatt suggests that it was a case of astigmatism with a weakened power of accommodation. He thinks it may have aggravated the weakness, and thus relieved it homoeopathically. Its action on the eye reminds one of Gelseminum and Cimicifuga.

The Lilium may prove an important remedy in diseases of the heart. It appears to have a decidedly depressing action on the cardiac nerves, by which the heart’s working power is lessened. The blood is not impelled by it with sufficient force to fill the arteries ; two results follow : venous stagnation and cardiac oppression. These are its primary symptoms. They indicate that it will be found useful in many weakened states of the heart, direct or reflex, but not in any organic disease except as a palliative. It should never be overlooked in the treatment of functional heart disorder in women with uterine trouble.

Its primary heart symptoms bear a singular resemblance to those of Cactus. It was a serious omission that no record was taken of the rate or quality of the pulse, and no examinations of the heart by means of the stethoscope. The cardiac disorders in which it may be found useful are nervous palpitation, cardiac irritability, and some other anomalous symptoms due to reflex irritation.

I should not be surprised if further provings and clinical ex-

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perience would find it to be a remedy for chorea. It has one symptom already, namely, “ convulsive contractions of almost all the muscles of the body, and a feeling as if she would be crazy if she did not hold tightly upon herself.” This certainly simulates chorea or hysteria, or both.

Dr. Payne speaks very highly of Lilium in the long train of unpleasant symptoms which occur from “delayed post-partum recoveries.” He finds the 30th to act well.

I append Dr. Farrington’s excellent comparisons of Lilium with Sepia and Pulsatilla.

LILIUM TIGRINUM. SEPIA.*

Mental symptoms almost identical.

HEAD.

Headache from forehead to occiput.

Fear of insanity.

Taciturnity.

STOMACH,

Drinks often and much.

Longs for meat.

Smarting after stool (like a cathartic).

Urine retained causes oppression of chest.

FEMALE

Absence of feeling in head ; wild looks when menses cease to flow.

Menses generally scanty; cease when sitting down; flow while moving about.

Leucorrhoea, brown , yellow, excoriating ; worse after menses.

Bearing down ; funnelling toward the vulva or anus ; better from support.

Burning (less stinging), cutting in the ovaries ; congestion.

Headache from occiput to forehead.

Fear of apoplexy.

Loquacity.

ABDOMEN.

Usually thirstless.

Averse to meat.

Tension ani after stool.

Urine retained ; anxiety, pressure on bladder.

ORGANS.

Mania caused by too profuse menses.

Menses generally profuse ; they flow only in the morning.

Leucorrhoea green or milky, excoriating; worse before menses.

Bearing down over whole pelvis ; must cross the limbs.

Stinging in the ovaries ; congestion.

• It is not a little singular that the isomorphic group, of which Sulphur is the type and Sepia an analogue, should find such similar drugs in the Liliaceae and analogues ; thus Sul. and Aloes, Phos. and Cepa, Ars. and Allium sativum, and, here, Sepia and Lilium.

FEMALE

Slow recovery after confinement ; lochia too long ; uterus remains large ; must support the vulva to prevent everything from escaping ; at times better, at other times worse, from riding.

Mammae tender ; cutting through to left scapula.

MALE

Sexual excitement ; emissions, followed by difficulty in fixing the mind ; choose the wrong word ; irritable ; blurred sight.

ORGANS.

Slow recovery after confinement ; lochia very fetid ; become “ pot-bellied ; ” must sit down and cross legs to prevent prolapsus ; always worse riding (horseback).

Mammae sore, hard lumps ; stinging pains ; cracked nipples.

ORGANS.

Emissions, followed by vertigo, irritability, sensitiveness to damp weather ; mental exhaustion.

CHEST, HEART.

Both affect similarly the venous system ; both cause congestive asthma, pulsations all over the body ; congestion to heart, worse from motion, better from pressure and rubbing ; in both there is chilliness, combined with internal heat in

the chest.

Becomes worse if retain urine ; sighing relieves ; uterine troubles ; pain through left mamma to back ; dragging of all the viscera.

Heaviness in the region of the heart, worse after eating.*

Pain as if the heart were alternately squeezed and relaxed.

Congestion to the heart ; pulse weak ; heart feels full to bursting ; taste of blood ; faint ; chills run down from face to chest ; heart feels cold in the open air.

Comes on when awakening from sleep • uterine and hysterical, followed by jerking in one side. Hard, teasing cough.

Intermitting beats of heart after eating.

Palpitation, with intense stitching pains in the left chest.

Congestion to the heart; bubbling in left chest, as if haemoptysis were coming on ; burning in the face ; beating felt in the pit of the stomach.

GENERALITIES.

Both suit the weakened system, especially that of the female ; fearful about one’s health ; hurried, nervous, fidgety ; so nervous, the least excitement causes cold, clammy hands, palpitation, etc. In both the cause of the debility seems to

• The heart symptoms of Lilium occurred late in the proving, and are hence very characteristic. They seem to be mostly attended with congestive symptoms, and are linked with the urinary disturbances. But they occurred in both sexes and exhibit strong resemblance to organic disease.

consist in a relaxation of the ligamentous structures, serous sacs,* and veins. The first two causes account for the empty, gone feelings ; weak knees (even cracking in Lilium, from deficient synovial fluid) ; prolapsus, etc. The last explains the readiness to portal stagnation (Sepia), fulness of the chest, heart, and veins of the extremities. The most important distinction, besides those already given, is the following, because no characteristic of the respective remedies :

LILIUM TIGRINUM.

SEPIA.

Remission forenoon.

Remission afternoon.

PULSATILLA — LILIUM TIGRINUM.

Pulsatilla and Lilium, although unlike in their general indications, bear the closest resemblance in their action on the veins. They have the same fulness of veins, chest, and heart; worse in the evening and better in the open air. Heart too full of blood, with weak, feeble pulse, faintness, inclination to take a deep breath. Such symptoms often occur in enlargement, involving the right heart.

Pulsatilla, though feeling chilly, finds relief in the open air, and from walking; Lilium finds relief in the open air (except headache) ; but the cold air makes the heart feel icy cold ; motion aggravates. If the urine is retained the congestion seems aggravated.

Lilium, like Pulsatilla, causes scanty menses ; but the former has irritable mood ; wants to die, and yet knows not why ; solicitude about health ; absence of feeling in the head, with amentia ; longs for meat; diarrhoea hurries her out of bed in the morning. Pulsatilla has gentle, tearful mood ; wants to die, but fears it ; solicitude about health and salvation ; mania, with amentia; averse to meat; diarrhoea after midnight. Remission, in Lilium, forenoon; in Pulsatilla, midnight, until noon (except diarrhoea).

• Dr. Hering taught long ago that serous membranes, containing little or no air in their sacs, acted by suction in keeping viscera in place. Aconite seems to excite them, Sepia, Iodine, etc., to relax them.

This little plant has been of great interest to me ever since I first used it. The following is the history of the Lycopus, as given by Professor Rafinesque in 1828. It is the only clear account we have of its introduction into medical practice :

The Lycopus Virginieus is an excellent sedative, subtonic, subnarcotic, and subastringent. It has only lately been taken notice of, while the Lycopus vulgaris was extolled in Europe for fevers. Schoeff only mentions its qualities, and it is omitted in all the books of Materia Medica, except Ives and Zollikoffer. The first inquirers on its properties were Drs. Pendleton and Rogers, of New York, who have published several cases of hemoptysis and incipient phthisis cured by it. This has been confirmed by Drs. J. M. Smith, Ives, Lawrence, and myself. It is now much used in New York and New Jersey. The whole plant is employed; it has a balsamic, terebinthaceous smell, peculiar to itself, when bruised, which is stronger in the seeds. The taste is pleasant, balsamic, and slightly bitter, but to some it appears mawkish and nauseating. It is described as partaking of the properties of Digitalis, Sanguinaria, Cimicifuga, and Spigelia, but it is neither diuretic or anthelmintic, and is rather one of the mildest and best narcotics in existence. It acts somewhat like Digitalis, and lowers the pulse without producing any of its bad effects, nor accumulating in the system. It is, therefore, altogether preferable to it, and not only an equivalent, but even a valuable substitute, as I have ascertained upon myself and many others. Volumes have been written upon the Digitalis, a rank poison, and this excellent substitute is hardly noticed yet. It has, however, been used in the New York Hospital, and found very beneficial ; it lessens the frequency of the pulse, allays irritation and cough, by equalizing the blood. It is said to be most useful when febrile excitement has been subdued, but I have seen it to subdue it by itself, as with other tonics. I have made many experiments on this plant, and the results are, that although it does not cure the consumption, nor heal the lungs, it is very useful in haemoptysis, a plethoric habit, and internal inflammation. I consider it as a very good substitute to all narcotics, prussic acid, and even to bleeding, since it produces the same state of the pulse and arterial system, without inducing any debility, nor acting on the heart or brain in any injurious manner. It may be used in many diseases, and whenever it is required to quell inordinate actions of the blood, or even other fluids. I have been informed that it has been commonly used in New Jersey for diarrhoea and dysentery, which it helps to cure. It is a good adjunct to tonics and fevers. It is also peculiarly useful in the inflammatory diseases of drunkards, in diseases of the heart, etc. I deem it the best sedative in almost all cases ; it does not seem to act on the nervous system, but chiefly over the bloodvessels. The usual way to take it has been in the form of a warm infusion, allowed to cool, taken as diet drink, and without much nicety about the quantity. In haemoptysis I prefer a lemonade made with a weak tea of it, or a syrup made with it. A very strong infusion may also be used by putting one or two teaspoonfuls of it in tonic or refrigerant drink.

(The Professor’s English was rather faulty.)