Cantharis vesicatoria

Volume II — Main text

CANTHARIS .

Cantharis vesicatoria, Geoffr . Spanish fly. Nat. Ord., Coleoptera. I. Provings.- 1 . a . HAHNEMANN proved tinct. of powdered flies, subjects and manner unknown. Results reported are-frequent micturition ; urine distilling guttatim ; pressive darting pain in neck of bladder ; formication and pruritus in urethra after micturition ; stinging pain there between acts of micturition ; constrictive pain in limbs, almost paralytic ; tearing pain in back ; sense of stinging in eyes, as if salt had been put in ; want of appetite ; debility ; prostration of strength ; moroseness ; colic ; diarrhea without colic ; incarceration of flatus in hypochondria ; sleeplessness ; itching in skin ; slight night sweat. (Fragmenta de Viribus, 1805.) b. In first hours, feeling of weakness in genitals. After some h., at n. heat of whole body, especially anus and genitals. After 2 h. , incarceration of flatus under short ribs, very fetid flatus. After 3 h., drawing pain in spermatic cord when urinating. After 4 h., at n. painless itching, at one time in head, at another in foot. After 6 h., smarting pain in palate, especially after eating ; drawing pain in spermatic cord when urinating. After 10 h., large stitches from orifice of urethra to anus, e. and n. After 12 h. , urethra painfully sensitive. After 18 h. , drawing pain in bones of hand and forearm. After 20 h. , anxiety in m., as if expecting something important. After 24 h ., urethra intensely irritated and contracted, hence the urine flows in a thin stream ; burning at the orifices of the seminal vesicles in urethra during and after coitus. After 72 h., drawing pain in penis, in back, and in thighs, relieved by discharge of wind upwards or downwards. First days, across sacrum, on moving,pain as if from an injury. After I VOL . II .

3 d., on going uphill he loses his breath, ebullition in chest, he becomes sick. Much perspiration when walking. After 4 d., bloody blenorrhea. After 9 d., slimy and bloody stool. Without note of time,-Some h. after rising, m., very exhausted in mind, many thoughts come into his head, which he cannot get rid of; n., confusion of head, with pulsation in forehead for many h . Giddy and weak in head. On stooping immediately very red in face, the blood shoots forcibly into head; face hot when seated, not when walking. Headache, squeezing and tearing, only when moving ; when stooping and turning head feeling as if something came up nape and pressed head forwards, when everything seems to come out at forehead. Cutting-shooting in head that wakes him up. He wakes at n . with headache ; an out-pressure in forehead, relieved by sitting up in bed. Itching on forehead. A pimple on cheek near corner of mouth, with tensive pain when not touched, burning pain when touched. Smarting in eyes as from salt in them. Water runs out of his eyes in open air, must close them ; on opening them the edges of the lids feel sore, as if raw. Dimness of vision, must strain eyes much in order to see well for near or distant objects. A pimple deeply seated in cheek, itching when touched. Pustules on chin, burning when touched. A pimple on side of neck, with burning pain. Constrictive sensation in larynx. Dislike to tobacco. Bad taste in m. Nausea and loathing of food. Anorexia. No appetite e. and m., nothing is relished. Colic, single rapid pinches in right side of abdomen, more externally, when standing. Diarrhea, without griping. Burning and twisting in abdomen, until he has been twice to stool, m. Burning pain above navel when coughing, sneezing and blowing nose, with great heat in abdomen ; corresponding to this pain are some yellow spots externally, which, touched, prick rather than burn. Frequent call to stool, with scanty evacuation of fæces. Four ordinary stools during d. Two liquid yellow stools during d., and cutting in abdomen after each stool, smarting pain in anus without tenesmus. Frequent call to stool. Thin stool with much irritation in rectum . In an h. seven stools of white thick mucus, like scrapings from the bowel, with streaks of blood. Itching above anus in coccyx. Frequent call to urinate. Much irritation to urinate. The urine passed by drops. Must rise twice at n. to urinate. At n. a strong erection, during which there is contractive and sore pain throughout urethra. Orifice of urethra inflamed. Urethra swollen internally. Penis swollen. Swelling of frænum preputii. The urine flows in a smaller and a divided stream and with difficulty, especially at 9 a.m. Every time he passes water he has a sensation in glans part of urethra as if the urine stuck there and could not come out, and pressive pain at that part, and yet the urine flows unhindered. After the urine has been passed some drops of watery blood follow. Sometimes shooting in urethra and burning in it when urinating. When he has a call to urinate it is preceded by a pressive shooting pain in neck of bladder, and only a few drops are passed during constant urging. The urine seems to him to be acrid. Formication and itching in urethra after urinating. Smarting pain in urethra whilst urinating. Cutting pain from back and abdomen through urethra.

Yellow gonorrhea, which stains the linen yellow. When the gonorrhœa discharges there is each time pressure in urethra. Nocturnal emission. Stiff erection of penis, n. Sweat of genitals. When he passes water he is obliged at same time to go to stool, and yet nothing passes, but this urging to stool ceases when the urine is evacuated. Before the menses burning when urinating, and white sediment in urine. After menses for three d. bloody mucus is passed from vagina. Hoarseness on chest. Sensation of dryness in throat for several d. A pimple on sternum that pains like a sore when touched. Cough m. on rising, with difficult expectoration. Cough with pain in abdomen. Betwixt shoulders downwards, on every movement, a rather persistent stitch, as if something had been dislocated. Tearing pain in back, especially m. Pricking tickle in axilla. In bend of both elbows formicating itching. On natis large pimple, with burning pain when touched. In proximal phalanx of finger an itching swelling. Drawing pain in houghs. Shaking of knees when coming downstairs. Just above ankle-joint on tibia, as if flesh and skin were detached from bone, not observed on touching, for 14 d. Drawing, almost paralytic, pain in limbs. Feeling of dryness in joints of arms and legs, for 12 d. Itching in skin. A burning and kind of itching tearing here and there in skin. In m. very sleepy and faint. Slight night sweat. Heat, with thirst and general redness. When lying, sitting, and walking he chattered much unconnected stuff about his business and about people long dead. Weakness and sinking of powers. Sleeplessness. Peevish humour. Easily excited by insults. Cross only in m. on rising. Internal anxiety, loss of self-confidence, like hypochondriasis, afternoon. Has no rest, always seeks another place, at same time internal heat of head. Obstinate and contrary humour, afternoon. (Archiv, xiii, 1, 157.) 2. BAUDIS.*-Restlessness ; excited mood ; vertigo ; pains in head ; burning of eyes ; heat in face; pains in gums ; tonsils somewhat inflamed ; burning in throat while swallowing ; much secretion of saliva ; burning at orifice of stomach and in stomach itself; pains in intestines ; hard stool, with protrusion of rectum ; urging to stool ; emission ofwhite urine ; great burning during micturition, and along urethra afterwards ; urethral orifice is as if inflamed ; continued priapism with somewhat painful feeling (for 3 h.); immediately after taking, short paroxysms of dry cough, excited by tickling in larynx, with quickened breathing and a sort of constriction of chest, also of trachea ; burning in chest ; little sleep ; voluptuous dreams ; heat in whole body ; dryness of skin ; weaker pulse. (HARTLAUB u. TRINKS, Arzneimittellehre, i.) 3. ΒΕΤΗΜΑΝΝ.-Everything affects him more deeply than usual, so that he is unable to resist much whining (2nd d.) ; when wishing to reflect on anything his thoughts at once leave him ; he gazes fixedly and in silence at some object (which, however, he scarcely notices) and has trouble in bringing himselfto utter a few coherent words (2nd d.) ; in m. great relaxation of mental power (2nd d.); while walking in * To all these pathogeneses of C. contained in Hartlaub and Trinks' work the same description applies; they are stated to have been observed on healthy persons, and that is all we know about them.-Eds .

open air vertigo, with transient attacks of unconsciousness, recurring several times in h., and accompanied with sensation as of mist before eyes ( Ist d.) ; confusion in forehead, as well as slight pressing and drawing there (12 h.) ; drawing pain in l. side of head and in forehead ; tearing in fore part of head, and (2nd d.) in both temples ; pressure in eyes ; tearing in and behind r. eye (1 h.) ; sickly appearance, sunken pale face ; without feeling hungry wishes to eat now this, now that (Ist d.) ; increased thirst (6 h.) ; nausea (2nd d. ); dull pressure in stomach, felt most when it is empty (2nd d.); cutting pain in stomach ( h.); drawing pain ; weak feeling (2nd d.); costiveness, he must press much more than usual to obtain evacuation, and then it is insufficient (3rd d. ); watery diarrhoea ; drawing and tearing in pubic region ; in m. less urine than usual (2nd d.) ; he cannot for whole d. retain more than a spoonful of urine in bladder without urging to urinate ; when urinating in m. had tensive feeling along urethra, as if urine were checked in its course (2nd d.) ; tearing in thorax, especially in cardiac region ( h.) ; stitches in r. side of thorax ; pressive pain in both sides, under ribs (2 h.) ; drawing pain in cardiac region ; pressive pain in sacrum, for 2 d.; tearing in scapula (1 h.) and axilla ; drawing pain in 1. scapula ( 2 h.) ; tearing in l. hand (2 d.), in l. thumb (1 h.) ; great lassitude, especially in legs, as when low fever is impending ; he remains in bed longer than usual in m. (2nd d.) ; in m. profuse sweat on lower part of body. ( Ibid.) 4. HARTLAUB .-a. Confusion of head, and especially a sort of weight on vertex ( h.) ; remarkable dryness in mouth and nose, also dryness of pharynx, with occasional stitching there (1st h.); eructations ( h.) ; strong but not painful burning in stomach, with vinous taste in mouth (whole forenoon of first d.) ; stool scanty, somewhat hard and difficult, with cutting pain in rectum ( Ist d.) ; painless fæcal diarrhea several times in d.; a sort of paralysis of neck of bladder, urine passes without slightest expulsive force, lasting some time, and so increasing that urine could scarcely be retained without effort ( 1st d.) ; reddish urine ; in m. in bed, while lying awake, discharge from relaxed penis, almost without sensation, of considerable quantity of normal semen, same thing recurring 24 h. afterwards (in a vigorous young man) ; a violent catarrh came on (2nd d.) characterised by formation of much tenacious mucus in nose, without sneezing, hoarseness and painful detachment of same from chest, and (which he never has with a cold) nocturnal dry cutting stitches along trachea ; tickling causing cough ; soon after taking dose much tenacious phlegm from larynx and posterior nares, and therewith difficult and oppressed breathing, partly-as it seemed-from contraction of larynx and trachea, partly from dryness of nose ; also violent palpitation for several m.; fine but sharp drawing pain down a narrow line deep in r. cervical muscles (2 h.), and fine stitches in skin of throat. (Ibid.) b. In h. causeless anguish of mind, increasing by h. to such a pitch that he feels as if he had committed a murder, it seems to come from stomach ; in 2 h. it is associated with tremor of whole body, continuing while walking in open air ; head heavy and confused ; headache from forehead to temples ; pressive headache over nose ; dilated pupils,

with dim sight ; ringing and humming in both ears ; pain in l. eyebrow as ifpressed there by a blunt substance ; flying, stitch-like pain over root of nose ; quivering in gum of l. upper eye-tooth ; burning on tongue and palate, long lasting (1 h.) ; burning, scratching feeling in pharynx and sweetish disgusting taste on tongue and in whole buccal cavity ; saliva of same taste fills mouth, and must be expelled, ford h. ( h.) ; wishes to eructate, but cannot ; increased thirst with much drinking, urine not increased in proportion, and slower than usual in following ingestion of fluids ; nausea as though he would vomit ; in region of stomach an indescribable sensation, she feels hungry without being really so ; sense offulness with pressure in stomach, feels as if eructation would relieve, but cannot accomplish it ( h.) ; uncommon fulness in gastric region with anguish and restlessness ( 1 h.) ; cardialgia, lasting a long time ; stitching, cutting pain through back and belly, quickly passing away (9 h.) ; belly much distended, and movement about as of flatus therein ; renal region is affected with a continued dull sense of pain, late in e. ; borborygmus (1 h.) ; much flatus emitted ; itchingfeeling in distal end of urethra, which at times is almost a cutting, without any voluptuous sensation ; violent stitch-like pain in l. chest, in cardiac region or heart itself (5 h .) ; much lassitude, as after strong bodily exertion ; very anxious dreams whole n. through ; heated whole afternoon, as after walking fast on hot d., face therewith red and cutaneous exhalation increased. 5. HERING. (Ibid., From ii, 219.) emanations,-lachrymation and tension inupper lids ; immediate urging to micturate ; if any urine passes it is in small quantity and at intervals. Inflammation on border of r. ala nasi, especiallytowards tip, running an irregular course, red and shining, with slight swelling and some pain (after several h., not disappearing till 2nd d.) ; pain at 3 a.m. on upper part of nose, as if it had been pressed upon, then tension and erysipelatous inflammation and swelling from ridge of nose to both cheeks, especially r., colour disappearing under pressure and as quickly returning, cheek is hard to touch,-all this on 30th d., increasing on 31st, and going off on 32nd with slight desquamation (after several weeks, without notable cause a similar inflammation, especially on r. upper lip, inside and tip of nose) ; after 6 h. small blister on gum, with red points, which after 15 h. disappears, leaving only a red spot, upper lip at same time much swollen but only slightly painful ; on gum above 1. upper incisor appears a red, somewhat painful, point, which gradually grows more painful, becoming at length a small round, inflamed, elevated spot, of yellow-reddish aspect, which is sore and painful on pressure,-therewith whole upper lip swollen ; after some weeks a dental fistula, lasting several weeks,-red spot over tooth (now carious) has opening in centre, from which on pressure pus exudes ; during hunger a sort of pain in pharynx (4th d.) ; a sort of incomplete eructation almost like hiccup, which passes from pharynx to stomach (3rd d. before dinner) ; slight pains over symphysis pubis, and downwards along ureters, which constantly become worse (5 h.) ; cutting and contractive pain from ureters down towards penis, sometimes from without inwards, somewhat relieved by pressure on glans ; frequent discharge of scanty watery urine, at first without pain, but towards end with violent cutting,

at the last it passes guttatim or in a weak and intermitting stream ; when he goes to micturate, he can with great difficulty prevent some from escaping prematurely ; urging to micturate far greater when standing, and especially when walking, than when sitting (5 h.) ; after 24 h . urine is again coloured darker, and pain on micturition is less ; in urine passed during first hours, there floated, after standing, some thready mucus ; for first time after 4-5 h. there were slight pains on micturition, and increasing urging thereto ; pain on micturition is only at end of act, and is less the more urine is passed ; slight stiffness in chest not affecting respiration (3 h.) ; if he bruises himself anywhere, spot burns for some time. (Ibid. , i. ) 6. NENNING.-Depression, irritability (especially during pains), restlessness, vertigo ; headaches ofall kinds and in all parts of the head, among others-painful tearings in vertex, with sensation as if a lock of hair were being drawn upwards ; intermittent painful twitching, now in r. occiput, now on outer surface of 1. knee, long-lasting, always alternating, not disappearing on rubbing (2 ) h.) ; rising of heat into head, with perspiring hands which burn ( 1 h. after dinner) ; twitching of lids, biting and burning in eyes, yellow vision an h. long ; a hot vapour issues frequently from the two ears alternately ; frequent painful tearing in r. mastoid process below ear, as with a knife, not disappearing on rubbing, with frontal headache as from a weight there ( h.) ; tearing about face, and heat in it ; yellow tint of face and eyes (10th d.) ; collapsed, hippocratic countenance ; deathly pale face, dryness of lips and throat, with and after pains (2nd d.) ; a painless gumboil, yielding clotted blood only ; slimy mouth, white tongue, blood in mouth ; eructations, nausea, and tendency to vomiting ; various pains in stomach and abdomen ; acute stitch in r. side of chest, then tearing between scapulæ, then acute stitches in r. shoulder, then same in r. hypochondrium and scapula, returning to hypochondrium ; hard stools, with tenesmus, followed by burning ; the usual urinary symptoms, cold hands and feet with the strangury ; burning in female pudenda ; tension and contraction in front of chest, with dyspnea and stitches all over chest, 11 a.m.-8 p.m., relieved for time by lying down (stitches about chest frequently mentioned) ; abundance of pains, of no distinctive character, in back and limbs ; in one prover, boring, tearing pains, with stitches, now in both knees, now in r. only, extending downward to feet, upwards into hips, first r., then 1., unrelieved bycamphor, but mitigated by warm, dry applications ; whole body feels hot and sore ; itching and papular eruptions ; much lassitude ; sleeplessness or disturbed dreaming ; febrile chilliness or heat. (Ibid. , i.) 7. RÜCKERT. Spasmodic stitches, drawing downward, from eyebrows to chin, and hot feeling in palate, as ifhe had eaten something burning (1st d.) ; stitch on tip of tongue as ifit had been bitten (do.) ; filthy, disgusting taste in mouth, several afternoons in succession ; during slight but somewhat sudden turning of body, violent stitch during breathing on 1. side under arm, extending through whole body, just as if someone suddenly and violently transfixed him with a fine spear, arresting breathing for a moment ; it occurred only once on other side, less violent, and not on breathing or motion, but in rest (2nd d.) ;

almost constant cutting pain in sacrum, especially while sitting ( Ist d.) ; stitch in r. shoulder-bones, through and through, pain and tension in little finger, for some d.; pains in knees as ifswollen, hindering motion, transient in l. , in r. lasting some d.; whole body feelsjointless and heavy, going up steps is very troublesome, legs feeling as if filled with lead (for 8 d.) ; after any active or continued movement whole body is much heated, it also gets hot at other times, especially afternoons ; restless beating of pulse in whole body, so that limbs tremble, for some d. (Ibid., i.) 8. SCHRETER. (Symptoms omitted, as of dubious origin, and at the best a mere replica of those of Nenning.-EDS. ] ( Ibid., ii. ) 9. a. April 19th, nine young men of different ages, heights, and constitutions, took at 8 a.m. 5 centigr. (I gr.) ofpowdered C. mixed with sweet almond powder. After 2 h. the pulse was slower by a few beats. In 5 the urine was increased, one felt some nausea. At ro a.m. they took another similar dose. At 12, noon, the pulse was slower in some and quickened in others, stationary in most. All had great urging to urinate, smarting, more or less severe, in urethra, with a feeling of constriction about prostate. They took a third similar dose. At 6 p.m. the pulses of all were quicker. The urine was abundant, the smarting in urethra had increased in those who had drunk little. One had slight colic and itching at anus with tenesmus. All complained of general weakness, and they perspired profusely. Next m. they stated that in the n. their pulses were very low and they felt very weak. The smarting in urethra had almost ceased in the e., but one of them had been much teased by it in the n. and some drops of blood issued from his urethra. Another felt extreme prostration and intense cold during n., and could not warm himself by heaping on bedclothes. They all sweated profusely till next d., when they felt quite well .

b. April 21st, seven young men took It gr. to 2 gr. of powdered C. between 6 and 8 a.m. At 10 a.m., pulse slightly slower, in two it was slightly quicker, but evidently softer than before. Another I gr. was given to each. At noon the pulse was still slower. A third dose of I gr. to some, of It to others, so that each had taken 4 gr. At 3 p.m., pulse of all considerably slower, and this lasted till next d. They all drank copiously and thus escaped the distress in the urinary apparatus which they had before experienced from a smaller dose. Two only complained a little. All had copious urination and sweat. In the e. they all complained of extreme debility. This continued during n. Some had increased appetite, others diminished, and some had copious motions of bowels. (GIACOMINI, Traité phil. et expérim. de Mat. Méd. et de Thérap., translated in Encyclop. des Sc. Méd., 2nd div., Mat. Méd. et Thérap., p. 149.) 10. a. Nov. 14th, 2 drachms of 3rd dil. 4 times a day. Loose stool, urine 33 oz.-15th, 2 drachms of 2nd dil. 4 times in the d. Urine 30 oz.- 16th, 2 drachms of2nd dil. twice. Emission at n. Next m. very weak, must lie down soon after rising from bed, fell into a restless, unrefreshing half sleep. At n. many vivid confused dreams. Woke with feeling of hunger. Urine 34 oz.-18th, 25 dr. 1st dil. Urine

35 oz.- 19th, twice 30 dr., once 50 dr., Ist dil. Could not sleep at first on account of excitement, thereafter vivid, confused dreams. Urine 48 oz . At noon, having urinated 14 h. previously, very urgent call to urinate.- 20th, m. and e., 50 dr., Ist dil. At 11 p.m., very painful throbbing pain in r. of spine, where the eleventh and twelfth ribs are attached, disappearing for intervals, but recurring on any movement and aggravated, extending to r. thigh in single jerks. At same time burning anteriorly in urethra as though a drop of urine remained. Urine 39 oz .-21st, 3 times 50 dr. , Ist dil. After the first dose, m., slight nausea with flat taste and dryness of throat. Urine 344 oz . Next n. very restless, long of falling asleep on account of anxious thoughts. After short sleep very bad nightmare, quite unusual. During the proving of dilutions the sp. gr. of the urine varied from 1005 to 1034. The urine was often when first passed turbid and colourless , often depositing a fine white sediment, and the surface was covered with a fine glistening skin . b. Nov. 22nd, 9.30 a.m. ,6 dr. of tinct. in water. Immediately flat taste like sweet cheese.-23rd. Urine clear at first, soon became turbid. He looked very ill, eyes dull, surrounded with dark rings.-24th, 7, 9, and II dr. After last dose, 8 p.m., frightful headache, aggravated at any movement, pressure on r. vertex alternating with painful throbbing. No appetite for supper. Pulse quick and full. Head burning hot. Urine 42 oz . That passed in afternoon and e. clear as water, sp. gr. 1026 to 1023, but the dark m. urine was only 1014 and 1015.- 25th, m. 15, e. 20 dr. Urine 33 oz., very colourless but of high sp. gr. , froths when passed. In n. many confused dreams. Emission without dream.-26th, m. 18, afternoon 22, e. 25 dr. Urine 43 oz . , passed at only 3 times, clear as water, sp. gr. 1028 and 1020.-27th, m. and e., 30 dr. No stool. Urine 35 oz., somewhat darker than yesterday. -28th, m. 40, afternoon and e. 50 dr. During d. much inodorous flatus . Urine 35 oz., colourless, turbid when passed. Temperature on an average 0.2º lower than normal. c. Nov. 29th, 4 times 2 gr. of 2nd trit. Unusually much flatus. Urine 59 oz. at 5 times.-30th, 4 times 4 gr. of 2nd trit. Urine 324 oz.- Dec. Ist, 4 times 10 gr. of 2nd trit. Great weakness in sacrum with a peculiar pressive pain in region of last ribs posteriorly when sitting. Urine 35 oz.- 2nd. No med. Urine 35 oz .- 7th, m ., 20 gr. of 2nd, e. 5 gr. of Ist trit. Urine 38 oz.-8th, m. and e., 5 gr. Ist trit . Urine 34 oz.- 9th, m., 5 gr. Ist trit. Urine 37 oz., sp. gr. varying between 1018 and 1039, average 1025.7, always dark coloured. d. Dec. 9th, e., I gr. of powdered C. rubbed up with milk sugar. After 1 h. peculiar pain when urinating as though it was impossible to pass the urine, with disagreeable pressure in vesical region.-10th, at midnight I gr. 3.30 a.m., woke with urging to urinate. A few oz. of urine was passed, after which there remained a very painful burning in urethra, could not remain in bed, was somewhat relieved by sitting. Must urinate every 2 to 4 m., with almost intolerable pains. Much relieved by drinking rapidly 3 glasses of cold water. This caused copious micturition and relief of pain. Slept pretty well, but each time he woke was in profuse sweat. All next d. micturition was painful and

there were violent renal pains. The urine passed at n. contained no albumen, but was full of mucus ; the following days the urine contained much mucus. In the n. of the IIth an emission . For 2 d. there exuded from urethra a viscid, colourless fluid-prostatic fluid. Next n. an emission. During this proving, every m. immediately after rising very strong and lasting erections, quite unusual. The smegma preputii, which used to be plentiful, ceased entirely. After the cessation of the proving it returned as before. Since the beginning of Dec. he often felt during d., but especially in e. when sitting, a sensation in l. side of lumbar vertebræ, on a spot the size of a hand, as if he became cold there and got goose-skin, and also there he felt a formication that was very violent and tiresome. This symptom only disappeared towards the end of Dec. (BÄHR, Z.f. Hom. Kl. , iv, 121 , 133. ) II. Poisonings.-I . A man, æt. 21, from his boyhood subject to epilepsy, took overdose of tinct. Immediately burning in lips, tongue, palate, in a few h. the m.m. inflamed and swelled, and salivation ensued. He had occasionally cutting pains in stomach and umbilical region. After 3 d., at 11 p.m., he had violent convulsions and furious delirium. The convulsions sometimes ceased, but not the delirium, the fits of the former often lasted hours, or assumed the forms of opisthotonos, emprosthotonos, and trismus by turns. His expression was full of terror and despair, his hair stood on end, his eyes were staring, sparkling, convulsively distorted, pulse and heart normal ; the abdominal muscles became tense at the slightest touch. The convulsions were sometimes general, the head drawn back, they terminated in syncope and stupefaction. There was constriction of the fauces that occurred at the mere sight of water. After 8 h. the attacks were less violent. He now complained of violent pains in palate, which was observed to be inflamed ; by-and-by he was able to swallow some oil, later consciousness returned. (GIULIO, Mém. de l'Acad. de Turin, 1802 ; from Wibmer.) 2. A strong girl, æt. 15, swallowed about 8 gr. of C. powder ; after some h. she had acute pains in hypogastrium, with burning and itching ofgenitals and constant urging to urinate, which she could only do with great difficulty and by drops. After some moments she had violent convulsions and distortion of limbs, she screamed and lost consciousness. Next d. complained of pain in urinating and shooting in urethra, urine red and covered with small black skins. (PIQUET DE LA HOUSSETTE, in Orfila, op. cit.) 3. A young man swallowed 3j of powdered flies. He soon felt burning pain in throat and stomach, later in hypogastrium, with great priapism ; voice weak, breathing laboured, pulse small, contracted ; thirst great, but œsophagus so contracted he could not swallow a drop. Soon he had a horror of liquids, the pain increased, he had tenesmus of bowels and strangury, but with the exception of a few drops of blood he passed nothing from urethra or rectum . Oily injections and other demulcents were given. Next d. still complained of pain and heat in bowels ; had occasional priapism, and difficult micturition. For several months had some difficulty of swallowing and irritation of stomach. BIETT, in Ibid.)

1. A patient swallowed I oz. tinct. After 1 h. there occurred quickened respiration, red face, red watering eyes, copious salivation, small, very quick pulse, trembling and convulsive twitchings, violent pains in stomach and bladder, on touching these parts convulsions immediately occurred. He got ipec. and venesection to 16 oz. He fainted and vomited copiously. Next d. symptoms allayed, but he could not bear the affected parts to be touched, he passed no urine and had violent priapism. In e. talked nonsense, next d. unconscious, no urine passed yet. After external irritants and clysters he came to himself, passed fæces and urine, but he still had headache and talked nonsense often. After 14 d., there suddenly occurred headache, chilliness, general convulsions, coma. External irritants again relieved him. The next 3 d. he had slight convulsive attacks ; on the 4th d. violent convulsions, followed by unconsciousness and death. Р.М.- The blood-vessels of the brain, especially ofthe cerebellum, gorged with blood, the latter covered with coagulated lymph. At base of brain I oz. serum . In pelves of kidneys much blood, m.m. of stomach soft and pultaceous. (IVES, Amer. Fourn. ofMed. Sc., 1828 ; from Wibmer.) 5. A man, æt. 46, swallowed C. (quantity not stated). Seen 3 h. afterwards he complained of burning in mouth, œsophagus, stomach, pains in kidneys and bladder, urging to urinate ; mouth ulcerated, salivation and nausea. He had vomited, bits of the m.m. were found in ejected matter ; tongue trembling, pulse small and quick, priapism, convulsive movements. In e. convulsions of all limbs, constant priapism, red bloody urine, subsultus tendinum, small, quick pulse. Next d. urine still bloody, eyes closed, great restlessness, pulse quick, bladder painful. In e. vomited, the whole of the m.m. of the esophagus came away, with pain and loss of blood, on its outer side capillary vessels were visible, on the inside bits of C. Next d. urine paler, pulse better, pain less, swallowing still difficult, tongue trembling and red, salivation, priapism, urging to urinate still there. On the 12th d. well. (Rou- QUAYROLE, Ann. de la Méd. Physiol., 1829 ; from Wibmer.) 6. Four men ( a 20, b 28, c 30, and d40 years old) nearly emptied a bottleful of tinct. After h. nausea, vertigo, burning in mouth and throat. After I h. all these symptoms increased, and there occurred vomiting and violent pains in abdomen, constant retching and vomiting of blood, burning along œsophagus and intestinal canal, inextinguishable thirst, inability to swallow ; with the vomiting there came away large pieces of the lining of the throat and œsophagus. The region of stomach and abdomen was distended and very painful ; pulse small, quick ; extremities cold ; great anxiety. Demulcent drinks and leeches to painful parts of abdomen. N. very restless and full ofpain, towards m. some sleep and slight perspiration. 2nd d., considerable febrile symptoms, violent thirst, bitter taste, dysphagia, violent pains in bowels, lips sore, tongue deprived of its skin, velum palati dark brown ; no urine passed, though there was constant urging to urinate. The symptoms of strangury increased every h. Camphor caused violent symptoms, it was borne better on the 4th d., so that a and c were out of bed on the 8th day, b had the most violent strangury. With the most painful straining some lumps of coagulated blood came out of urethra.

The renal secretion seemed to have quite stopped, the catheter did not bring away a drop of fluid. The evacuation of the coagulated blood seemed to be caused by a labour-like exertion of the bladder. Tepid water frequently injected into bladder, which always returned tinged with blood, relieved the patient ; camphor internally with fol. uvæ ursi and frictions over renal region with turpentine. After 24 h., the urinary secretion was restored, bloody urine was discharged, the pains declined daily, and the patient was well in 2 weeks. In d the strangury diminished to such an extent that a speedy recovery was expected, but on the 8th m. he had such violent phrenitis that four men could not restrain him. Appropriate treatment relieved him and he recovered in 3 d. (GRAAF, Hufeland's four., lii, 2, iii.) 7. A dissipated man, æt. 40, took at I a.m., about 8 grs. C. When swallowing it he felt violent burning in mouth, fauces, and œsophagus ; at same time anxiety that increased every instant. Next violent retching and vomiting. The acridity of the matter vomited increased the pain in œsophagus and mouth, until copious mucus was ejected. Soon after this the intestinal canal and uro-poietic system were affected. Then occurred violent diarrhea with intolerable burning in anus that continued. Most tormenting was the irritation of the urinary passages and the suppression of the urine, of which only a few drops were evacuated with the greatest straining. He vomited a thin membrane which was as long as the œsophagus and was probably its lining membrane. Some h. later the face was swollen, the throat also, the eyes protruded, lips, tongue, palate, pharynx full of blisters ; abdomen distended, orifice of urethra inflamed, pulse full and hard as in inflammatory fever ; tormenting thirst ; urine still suppressed, causing indescribable anxiety ; flow of saliva as copious as in salivation, he must always lie on his side. The smallest flexible catheter could only penetrate I inch into urethra. After 24 h. the fever went off, the urine again flowed and be gradually recovered. (WENDT, Ibid., v, Pp. 2, 391.) 8. An infant, 35 weeks old, got an electuary for worms with which was mingled by mistake an uncertain quantity of powdered cantharides. After the first dose on April 28th at 10 a.m. the child was seized with violent retching and vomiting, mucus and blood were ejected by mouth and nose, and the little patient fell asleep exhausted. The same vomiting was repeated at frequent intervals, and a delicate membrane was thrown up, probably a portion of the mucous membrane lining the œsophagus, and there were three slimy loose stools. There was alternately violent screaming with legs drawn up to body and sleep with flow of saliva from mouth. Anotherdose was given, and the above symptoms were renewed. Seen next day at noon, the patient was very pale and limp, the head fell to one side or other by its own weight, the jaws were in perpetual movement as if chewing, though the mouth was open, mucus flowed constantly from the mouth ; the mouth, palate,gums, and tongue were covered with blisters from the size of a pin's head to that of a bean, the m.m. of the nose, as far as could be seen up nostrils, was raw ; pulse full, hard, and quick ; abdomen distended ; the orifice of the urethra was inflamed, passage of urine difficult and rare, urine dark.

There was great thirst, but difficulty of sucking owing to the raw places in the mouth. The remedies used, chiefly oil and camphor, succeeded in relieving the infant somewhat by evening, the blisters in the mouth burst. On the 8th d. she was out of danger and soon recovered. (SCHLEGEL, Mat. f. d. Staatsarzneiwiss. , ix, 257.) 9. Amangot for quartan ague 2 drachms of C. powder which caused such satyriasis and desire for coitus that he lost all shame. Another man got C. for tertian ague and had violent satyriasis and uncontrollable desire for coitus amounting to mania. The following day he was found dead, with smiling expression and his penis mortified. (DUPrest RONY, Diss. sur la Satyriasis, 1570, in Wibmer. ) 10. A man, æt. 50, married, was dissatisfied with his amount of sexual power, and in order to increase it he swallowed 8 C. beetles. He soon felt great thirst, for which he drank beer. After 2 h. nausea and inclination to vomit, call to stool, vomited much astringent fluid and some of the beetles. There ensued weakness of all the body, frequent chills, burning in fauces and buccal cavity with great thirst, restlessness, constant urging to urinate, urine at first copious, then very scanty and passed with horrible pains. N. restless and sleepless. Drank almond milk, which seemed to increase the pains. When seen he had confusion of head with pain in frontal region ; livid complexion alternating with transient redness ; great swelling of lips, gums, m.m. of cheeks ; tongue blue and covered with many blisters containing a gelatinous fluid. Some of these blisters already broken, shreds of dead epithelium are seen. Along the centre of tongue, from the tip to the root, a long, distended blister inch wide. Painful burning of all buccal cavity and fauces, with great swelling ofthose parts, compelling constant drinking, which did not allay the thirst. Sickly, bitter taste, no appetite ; disgust at food, frequent hiccuping eructation. No pain in stomach or bowels, stool normal (he had had diarrhea for some days before taking the C.) . Dull pressive pain in both renal regions, violent burning-cutting pain in neck of bladder to the fossa navicularis of urethra, especially before and after micturition. Constant painful strangury, with emission of drops of reddish urine sometimes mingled with blood, penis lax, not the slightest sexual desire. Temperature of skin somewhat elevated ; pulse quick, tense, and full. Sometimes chilliness, sometimes heat alternating irregularly with sweat ; great weakness of limbs, anxious unrest, cannot remain in bed ; cross humour. Under camphor spirit I drop every 2 h. he soon got well. (HUBER, Zeitsch. d. Ver. d. hom. Aerzte Oesterreichs, i, 561.) 11. Seven soldiers drank freely one e. of a mixture of honey, water, and tinct. of C. In 1-2 h. all began to feel weight, heat, and slight pinching in epigastrium and umbilical regions, followed by sharp colic, nausea, and vomiting. At same time there was sharp burning pain in penis, especially at extremity, with frequent desire to urinate ; then followed copious stools. They were given an emetic, and taken to hospital. There M. Tassart found them with pale and sunken face, looking terrified ; heat and contraction of throat ; excessive pain at epigastrium and umbilicus, worse on pressure ; frequent vomitings, ardent thirst, slight pains in hypogastric and lumbar regions ; desire to

micturate every 2 or 3 m., with difficult expulsion of a few drops of bloody urine, causing in passing acute pain as if hot iron were passed along urethra, felt most in membranous urethra and at meatus. One only had painful erection (for 5 m.). Pulse frequent, small, feeble ; skin moist, slightly cold. No headache, delirium, or convulsions. Demulcents and camphor were administered. Next m. diarrhea, which was simple, had ceased for 3 h.; tongue red at borders, yellow at centre ; throat much reddened, same feelings in it ; urinary symptoms same, and urine found to be highly albuminous. Slight headache. Amelioration now set in. Next m. urine less red, still albuminous, and containing some white pellicles. This condition persisted till the morrow, when all other, symptoms had disappeared, but by 4th d. was gone. (TARDIEU, Etude sur l'Empoisonnement.) 12. Six young men had, during a period of 6 months, unknowingly taken with their food powdered C. by mistake for pepper. The only marked general symptom was great restlessness. There was no affection of the nervous system, nor any disorder of the bowels. The appetite was unaffected. No pain was experienced in renal or lumbar region . About 3 h. after meals, there was slight pruritus of glans, with desire to micturate, and ardor urinæ. Desire for micturition continued 2-4 h . , and then gradually ceased, leaving some irritation along urethra. There was neither priapism nor any extraordinary erotic feeling ; but one had a copious mucous discharge from urethra. (Fourn . de Chim. Méd., 1847, p. 17.) 13. A lunatic, æt. 40, at 7.30 a.m. swallowed by mistake 3ss of C. plaster containing zij of powder. An ipecacuanha emetic was immediately given, which caused copious and frequent vomiting. In about 2 h. whole mucous membrane of mouth was bright red, and lips covered with small blisters. After vomiting there was great coldness of surface, and after 5 h . pulse became contracted and sunken. A slight febrile reaction followed, but yielded to progressive sinking. After 10 h. abdomen tympanitic, penis (glans especially) livid, but without erection. Urine passed was mixed with blood. Death took place in 24 h. On inspection , vessels of brain were found gorged with blood, and a quantity of serum was effused in ventricles and between convolutions . Heart and lungs were healthy. Interior of stomach was covered with red spots interspersed with ecchymosis, in centre of which was seen an adhering particle of powder. Intestines healthy, but 1. kidney red and gorged with blood, and ureter internally very red ; bladder thickened, and its mucous coat injected with blood. (Ann. de Thér. et de Tox., 1844.) 14. a. Some soldiers mixed tinct. with coffee in mistake for brandy. Within 4 h. of taking it they had to be sent to hospital. " I shall never forget, " writes Dr. Palle, " the sight that met my eyes as I entered the ward. Scattered about the room, some, squatting, were making painful efforts at micturition and defæcation, passing with difficulty bloody urine and red, viscid mucus ; others, bent on their beds, were vomiting repeatedly, and a few, pale and collapsed, were suffering intense agony." In general, face was congested, eyes sparkling, pulse frequent, skin covered with sweat ; features, distorted on all sides,

showed most intense terror. Penis was swollen and painful, but not rigid ; none were affected with amatory desire or priapism ; dysuria and vesical and rectal tenesmus were noticed in all. There was also burning and constriction in throat, pain in epigastrium, and vomiting ofbile and food ; but no convulsions, delirium, or other cerebral disorder. b. One ofthe most striking symptoms observed was the weakness of the lower extremities, which occurred in several ofthe patients. The arms were unaffected . c. All had albuminuria, but in association with hæmaturia. As the blood left the urine, the albumen also disappeared. (PALLE, Journ. de Pharm.et Chim ., Juin, 1871.) 15. a. Martin, one of the soldiers mentioned in No 11 , came off less well. On m. of 14th (drink having been taken on 15th), he hadbesides symptoms of companions-general prostration ofstrength, skin cold and covered with sweat, penis flaccid but seat of incessant pain. At 5 p.m. extremities cold, covered with viscid sweat ; pulse feeble and compressible, 90 ; vertigo, headache, pain in knees and calves, continual agitation of lower extremities. No sleep at n.; covered all time with copious cold and viscid sweat ; next m. some symptoms less, but belly tense and tender, and colic severe. No urine since 10 p.m., but frequent watery stools, sometimes involuntary, with much blood, tenesmus, and pain at anus. Pulse scarcely perceptible ; intelligence intact ; knees acutely painful, but without redness or swelling. Towards 10 a.m. he fell into coma and at 10.30 expired. b. Post-mortem.- Much livid ecchymosis at posterior surface of body. Whole digestive canal inflamed, with vesicles in throat, swelling in stomach and intestines, pustulations and ulcerations in colon and rectum. Kidneys hyperæmic ; mucous membrane of pelvis and calyces presents deep red points, and that of ureters numerous minute ecchymoses . Bladder contracted, its lining membrane red but not swollen, with a few ecchymoses. Corpora cavernosa ofpenis, and whole urethral mucous membrane, intensely congested. Lungs and heart contained much dark blood. Knee-joints were without synovial fluid ; synovial membrane deeply red and covered with a thin layer of viscous material. (TARDIEU, op. cit.) 16. a. A boy, æt. 12, had been ailing for 3 weeks when it was found that schoolmates had given him an apple into which they had inserted a quantity of C. He came to Dr. Dunnel, Sept. 26th, 1861 , for swelling of prepuce, red, hot, and diaphanous. It was not so large as yesterday ; then size of small hen's egg, now of large walnut, and there issues from beneath it a purulent secretion. On 24th commenced great soreness in urinating which is rather worse to-day. He complains also of pain and stiffness of limbs with numbness ; is continually tired, and more especially on r. side of body ; headache, with dizziness, brain feeling as if stiff ; r. half of face quite swollen ; letters on paper are green and yellow, and he cannot distinguish an object till he nearly closes lids, and shakes head 2 or 3 times ; conjunctiva slightly suffused ; has increased drumming in ears. Nose swollen, red and sore inside, several itching burning vesicles upon it ; continual stench before nose,

passing down throat, which is inflamed, with burning soreness. Loss of appetite, but no sickness, or tenderness at epigastrium ; bowels unaffected ; has a yellow spot size of florin on abdomen near umbilicus, and another on inside of 1. thigh. Painful tension along inguinal canals to testicles, and around pelvis. Violent jerking of heart, that runs quite to head. Is constantly cold, cannot sleep after 2 a.m. because of it, although he is very sleepy. Is alarmed and agitated ; feels worse in open air ; has sour eructations, especially after drinking. 27th.-Has taken camph. p, gtt. x every 4 h. Continues much the same, only legs are weaker ; pelvic region and testicles much distressed ; penis , and especially prepuce, covered with small blisters, as if from an epispastic ; less swelling ; throat very painful ; chilliness continued. 28th. No relief; whole penis covered with itching blisters, that break and scab, much more numerous than yesterday ; not so chilly last n ., but could not sleep. 29th.-Slept last n.; legs and r. arm same ; sight rather better ; itching on penis,anddragging pain in spermatic cord,worse. Is continuing camph. 30th.-Swelling of point of nose increased ; and has itching vesicles on shoulders and elbows. Oct. 2nd.-Vesicles on penis have spread over legs, and some have appeared on fingers ; their itching is so bad as to prevent sleep ; nose very much swollen in m. but less so towards n. 4th.-Very lame, more so than ever ; eruption on legs worse. 5th.-Lameness unabated; less itching but more soreness ; vesicles have formed scabs, under which exudes purulent matter. Rest broken ; is constantly dreaming of quarrels and fights with boys, in which he beats in their heads with his fist, and is covered with blood ; talks loudly in sleep. Taste in mouth as of resin or pitch ; no appetite, least particle of food satiates him. Is so intensely sore over body that he cannot endure his brother, who sleeps in same bed, to touch him. Fresh vesicles on palms and shoulders, always feels a pricking where they are about to appear. 8th.-Arms, legs, and eyes smart only in d.; scabs falling off; at n. itching continues very severe, coming on like a shot. Numbness of r. hand continues, also yellow spots on abdomen and thighs . Says he is all the time uneasy ; must be doing something or other, snaps his fingers or picks them ; limbs move about in spite of him. From thence gradual abatement of symptoms, but they did not wholly disappear till 48th d. (Hom. Examiner, iii, 145.) 17. a. A boy gave a girl, æt. 134, a jam tart which contained a Spanish fly. In h. after eating it she was attacked with giddiness, pain between shoulders, and burning in throat, and finally fainted. Her mother gave her two rhubarb pills, and put her to bed. After restless n. next m. abdoinen was found much distended with swelling and irritation of vulva. She complained of bearing-down pains, and suffered much from nausea, which was soon followed by vomiting of Oss of blood. Urine was scanty and high coloured, but strangury was only complained of next m. (July 12th), when it soon became very painful and distressing. At same time she complained of strong and disagreeable odour in nostrils. Nausea and occasional hæmatemesis lasted 3 d., and other symptoms-though less in degree-till 29th, when at 2 p.m. she had a sudden epileptic attack, lasting a long time, and very severe. At 10 p.m. occurred another fit, complicated with

hysterical symptoms, and during following days fits continued to return in quick succession, but subsequently became less frequent. Therewith came ischuria, seeming also for the most part hysterical, but on one occasion urine was suppressed for 4 d. Later she is said to have had " renal congestion." On Oct. 15th her face was very sallow and puffy. She had much increased in height and size during her illness, during which also menstruation had entirely ceased, though it had occurred on three occasions previously. Urine was now normal ; but sleep was bad, and she was at all times restless and uncomfortable. On being sent to a convalescent institution, health was restored ; but catamenia did not appear till 7 months had elapsed. There was no previous history of epilepsy in patient or her family, and there was no return of the fits for a twelvemonth later. (Med. Times and Gaz ., 1864, ii , 617.) 18. A gentleman, æt. 63, swallowed by mistake a bottle ofliniment, of which the tinct. of C. was a principal ingredient. In about h. an emetic was administered ; nevertheless, he was immediately afterwards affected with paralysis of the lower extremities, and inability to void his urine. For the first fortnight he was under the necessity ofhaving his urine drawn off at stated intervals. After this he regained the power of making water, but was tormented with an incessant desire to do so. When I was consulted, four years after the commencement of the attack, he was able to walk with the aid of crutches. At times he had a sudden and irresistible impulse to void his urine, and expelled a small quantity by a voluntary effort ; but at other times it flowed involuntarily, without his being conscious of what happened, so that his clothes were as wet as possible. ( BRODIE, Works, ii, 474.) 19. a. The topical effects of C. are those of a most powerful acrid. When these insects are applied to the skin, the first effects noticed are, a sensation of heat, accompanied by pain, redness, and slight swelling. These phenomena are soon followed by a serous effusion between the corium and epidermis, by which the latter is raised, forming what is commonly termed a blister, but in the more precise language of the cutaneous pathologist, an ampulla or bulla. The effused liquid has a pale yellow colour, with a very feeble taste and smell. (It is mainly a solution of about 6 per cent. of albumen in water.) Ifthe cuticle be removed, the subjacent corium is seen intensely reddened, and by exposure to the air, oftentimes becomes exceedingly painful. If irritants be applied, a secretion of pus takes place, and sometimes a whitish false membrane is formed. Not unfrequently I have noticed ecthymatous pustules around the blistered surface ; and in one remarkable case which fell under my notice, the whole body, but more especially the pectoral region (to which the blisters had been applied), was covered with them. Sometimes the vesicles of eczema occur. Ulceration and gangrene are not uncommon ; the latter effect is occasionally observed after exanthematous diseases, especially measles. I have seen death result therefrom in two instances . b. The constitutional symptoms frequently produced are excitement of the vascular system (as denoted by increased frequency of pulse, heat of skin, and furred tongue) and irritation of the urinary

and genital organs (marked by heat and pain in passing urine, which is usually high coloured), or there maybe complete suppression. (PEREIRA, op. cit.) 20. a. The effects of C., applied in the form of blistering plasters and otherwise, on the urinary organs, have been long observed ; but it is only of late that inquiries have been made as to the actual changes induced in kidneys and bladder, giving rise to the symptoms ordinarily known as strangury. It is now ascertained that the application of a blister to the skin, but more especially when the integument has been wounded-by cupping, for instance-induces the presence of albumen in the urine, as in Bright's disease. The French physicians, and especially MM . Morel-Lavallée and Bouillaud, have recently paid particular attention to this form of albuminuria, which they term " cantharidien." There is a considerable diversity in the results obtained by the two observers named. The former describes the albumen as found in three forms, in solution in the urine, as a deposit, and in the character of false membranes formed in the bladder; whereas M. Bouillaud says that the albumen is only found in solution in the urine, and that any mass resembling false membrane which may occasionally be found at the bottom of the vessel, if truly so, must be, as are all other false membranes, essentially composed of fibrin. M. Bouillaud especially insists on the influence of blisters on the secreting surface of the kidneys, as bringing about the effusion of albumen, an influence which M. Lavallée has confined solely to the bladder, in which viscus he supposes the albumen formed. b. Unless a blister be very small, the escape of albumen with the urine is always met with, at all ages and in all states of system. The duration of the albuminuria is mostly from I to 3 d. Three blistered patients, in whom death occurred from the disease under which they laboured, were examined. In one, whose death happened 3 d. after the onset of the albuminuria, the only notable lesion was an injection and redness of the lining membrane of the urinary tubes. In a second, whose death did not happen for a month subsequently, an opaline appearance and a thickening of the membrane were observed. The third case was that of a man who died from fever with pneumonia ; albumen appeared in the urine nearly 2 d. before death ; kidneys were red and congested externally, redness penetrating into cortical substance, pyramids presented a rosy hue and seemed elongated ; lining membrane of calyces and pelvis was injected, and strewed with ecchymotic spots, and also with white salient points, of irregular figure, and consisting of patches of false membrane ; and in one of the calyces of each kidney a more continuous and tough piece of false membrane was found, of yellowish colour and in part adherent. Internal surface of ureters was also congested, and false membrane dispersed over it, especially at openings into bladder. Same appearances were shown in base ofbladder. (Lancet, 1848, i, 402.) 21. A boy æt. 4 years had by mistake a Spanish-fly plaster applied to swollen cervical glands, and after 18 h., when he began to be delirious, it was taken off. It had raised large blisters. The following days fever, and with great pain there came away a little black-coloured VOL. II . 2

urine . The urine then increased to four times the amount of the fluid drunk, with great thirst and voracious hunger, especially for meat. After a few h. the urine lost its black colour. The patient emaciated considerably, but the face and feet became cædematous , and the child could eat animal food only. The urine gradually decreased and in 6 weeks the child was well. The swollen glands disappeared completely. (WEISSE, Petersburger Vermischte Abhandlungen, v. 427, from Frank's Mag.) 22. A man, æt. 26, had a blister applied to side for pleuritic pain, though he said that 5 years previously he had got a gonorrhoea that lasted 5 weeks after the application of a blister. The pain disappeared. But 4 d. later, on the recurrence of the pain, he put on another blister. This was followed by a deep, profusely suppurating excoriation the size of a sixpence on the corona glandis, not ofa syphilitic character. He had had no coitus for three months. Under a saturnine lotion the sore healed in 3 weeks . (HECKER's Lit. Annal. d. ges. Heilk. iv, 4. 399, from Ibid.) 23. We learn from experiment* that blisters applied to the thorax of dogs and rabbits will produce redness and absolute inflammation of the pleura and peritoneum in patches distinctly corresponding to the vesicated surface of the skin. My friend Dr. Cameron has seen, after death, vascularity of the pleura in men, corresponding with blisters applied to the side a short time before death. He has met with cases in which a friction-sound has followed their application to the thorax within 24 h. after their use, no such sound having been audible before. Another physician has seen a patch of lung inflamed of the precise dimensions of a blister applied to the side. (INMAN, Foundationfor a New Theory and Practice ofMedicine, p. 322.) 24. F. T-, æt. 17,had been all d. engaged in making emplastrum cantharidis, standing over pan in which material was boiling. Towards close of d. he was affected with following symptoms :-Great dimness of sight, smarting and burning in lids and globes ; constant lachrymation ; eyes turned tonose ; twitching oflids ; could not close eyes without great pain, chiefly from smarting of lids ; there was considerable redness and much appearance of distress. Camphor @ was given. Next m. everything appeared to him yellow ; nose was also considerably affected, some swelling with redness and heat within as well as without, with appearance of suffering from very severe coryza. On 3rd d., eyes were well, and nose nearly so. (Brit. Journ. of Hom., iv, 91.)