Croton tiglium

Volume II — Main text

Croton tiglium, L. Croton-oil seeds. Nat. Ord., Euphorbiacea. I. Provings.- I . BUCHNER chewed a bean for a short time and then spat it out. Soon he felt continued burning and contraction in œsophagus, sweat on forehead. After I h. purging, 8 stools. ( Toxicologie, 1827, p. 295.) 2. FRIEDLÄNDER writes : " A healthy English physician licked the stopper and had flow of saliva and slight prickling in mouth. A drop of the oil in a teaspoonful of hot water produced immediately irritation of salivary glands, causing him much mucous expectoration, and each time he expectorated he had the feeling of a rancid acridity and disagreeable burning in throat, which was replaced by a similar feeling in rectum, and he had 5 or 6 stools without pain." (Fourn. Complémnt. du Dict. des Scien. Méd., Février, 1824, p. 340.) 3. Two of CAVENTOU'S pupils shelled a kilogramme of the seeds and experienced great irritation all over body, in interior of nose and fauces, to such an extent that on waking next m. they could scarcely open their eyes ; the eyeballs seemed to be infiltrated, the nose and whole face were in an inflamed condition, which lasted some d. ( Froriep's Notiz . , ix, 318.) 4. a. LANDSBERG swallowed the half of a seed ; the taste was at first sweet- oily, then extremely bitter and burning ; the scraping burning after taste, combined with heat and flow of saliva, went on increasing ; the temperature of the body, especially of the face, was greater, the pulse quickened, nausea and eructation, feeling of fulness in belly with rumbling and slight colic, dysphagia, and dryness of fauces came on. The burning and scraping went off after 24 h.; the tongue showed a white coating, the taste flat, buccal cavity felt burnt. Next d. same symptoms ; at 9 a.m. a semi-fluid stool, and a liquid stool at 2 p.m. Urinary secretion increased, urine turbid, cloudy. Weakness, malaise, and swelling of palate continued several d . b. A smaller seed caused same symptoms but no diarrhea. c. A roasted seed swallowed whole caused first an agreeable cocoalike taste, soon followed by the peculiar burning, nausea, dryness of mouth , weariness, malaise, and irresistible desire to sleep. d. A drop of the oil on sugar. Taste at first indifferent, soon burning and scraping, total loss of appetite. Peculiar discomfort in chest and abdomen ; pulse quick, weak. After 2 h. a firm stool ; soon afterwards, with colic pains in stomach and hypochondria, a second liquid stool. The discomfort continued, the rumbling increased, and after another h. another liquid stool. After a short sleep the burning in throat much alleviated. After I h. more a 4th stool ; after 3 h . a 5th copious watery stool. Occasional warm feeling with increased secretion of saliva. Next d. constipated. e. One dr. of oil caused similar preliminary symptoms ; then violent colic in stomach and abdomen ; a short sleep strengthened him ; burning of lips and malaise continued ; he had nausea and eructation after

drinking. The Ist stool, after 2 h., was mucous and firm ; after 2 more h. a 2nd stool, at first firm, then watery. Naus ea and malaise Pha continued ; no appetite. Next m. a 3rd liquid stool. ( Pharmacographia Euphorbiacearum, Diss. Berol., 1851.) 5. WIBMER took 1 dr. oil in 2 pills. Half h. after Ist pill slight cutting in bowels and a soft stool. After 2nd pill 4 or 5 mucous stools with some tenesmus . Arznei 6. a. CONWELL says a girl,(Wi ætrk Gi 21 crot , after smelm.liu.ng atft8e,ozii,. of2.) . 15. d. on oil , had 4 copious stools . b. A few m . after a small dose of oil weakness and weariness, pulse weak and small, surface of body cool. Soon the pulse becomes stronger and fuller, skin warm, and copious perspiration . The movements of bowels could be felt, and after a larger dose occasional pains in belly. After 2 h., sometimes sooner, copious slimy stools. Kidneys irritated ; a large quantity of urine discharged. (Recherches sur les Propriétés Méd. Sc. de Crot. Tig., Diss ., Paris, 1824.) 7. A girl, æt. 25, took I dr. of oil on sugar. Soon burning and scraping in fauces and œsophagus, then when walking great nausea, hearing and sight left her, beads of sweat stood on forehead, she felt as though she could never reach home . Whenshe got home she vomited mucus with a bitter taste. Tearing at end of ribs and in sacrum, griping about navel, later a feculent and still later a watery stool ; head all d. so full and heavy she could not read. Next d. at 7 p.m. took a similar dose and drank coffee, which she soon vomited. 9 p.m., she felt cold, especially in lower extremities, with goose-skin ; she had 5 yellow diarrhæic stools . ( BUCHNER, Archiv , xix, 1, 120.) 8. A younger girl had after the same dose 6 stools , at first feculent, wa sh then tery, with slight ooting in abdomen ; the menses, which were 14 d. overdue, came on scantily. ( Ibid., 121. ) 9. A bookbinder, æt. 18, who had been constipated for several d., took I dr. on sugar, but felt only scraping in throat and rumbling in bowels. Next d. no stool. On 3rd d. 2 dr. caused nausea, pain and rumbling in bowels, stitches in spleen, and a pappy stool. ( Ibid., 121. ) 10. A gardener, æt . 26 , took at 10a.m. I dr. Immediately burning in fauces , increased warmth in whole body, nausea, anxiety in chest fulness in stomach, inclination to vomit, griping in bowels, then atli a.m. the ordinary stool followed by two soft stools like water with an egg beaten up in it ; between 12 and 1 p.m. 2 similar stools followed by exhaustion . ( Ibid. , 121. ) 11. A blonde girl, æt. 26, with carious teeth, took, Aig. 27th , 3 doses of I dr . every h ., the Ist at 9 a.m. of water into mouth it runs out at the cornSo onveru ers, ctaotio rtig sea,flshowe sich ann,d nu goes into open air which makes her sneeze, she became pale, with great exhaustion and prostration ; later, burning in stomach, gripingin colon transversum, renewed before each stool. Afternoon, 6 watey stools , which shot out quickly.-29th . Took 3 successive doses of dr. at intervals of I h. After the 2nd dose scraping in throat, felt i, burning in stomach like coals, nausea increased in open air, vertigo. When 300 paces from home felt so ill she thought she could not gethome, hearing and sight left her, scraping in throat became worse, folloved by

vomiting ofcontents of stomach in the street, so that the water ran out of eyes, vomited again after taking 50 steps, she then sat down on a bench and again vomited. In h. she had so far recovered that she was able to get home. She felt nothing more except shooting pain above navel ; 2 loose stools in afternoon. ( Ibid., 122.) 12. Another girl, a brunette, took 3 dr. rubbed up in sugar, and had the peculiar scraping, distorted features with staring, sparkling eyes, cutting above navel, as if two knives were thrust towards one another in bowels ; this went off after 2 stools. She had afterwards 4 watery stools. (Ibid.) 13. A male nurse, æt. 36, suffering from nettlerash, took 3 dr. rubbed up in sugar, at hourly intervals. Scraping in throat soon followed by burning in chest, crawling in loins as from cockchafers, scraping in stomach followed by slight nausea, sparkling eyes, heat and anxiety ; he felt the medicine travelling through the small intestines and causing rumbling there ; when it came to the navel it pinched a little. At noon the Ist stool, firm, in balls, with many white points, the 2nd stool contained many white points and three thread-worms ; the 9 following stools were fetid, bilious, slimy, at last watery. (Ibid., 123.) 14. A young woman, æt. 26, thin, bilious constitution, took 3 dr. of the oil rubbed up with sugar, and divided into 3 doses. In addition to usual symptoms she had great nausea as though she should vomit, 9 stools, the first feculent, the others liquid, yellow and green. No more stools after a cup of coffee ; in e. chilliness ; next d. irritable pulse, hoarseness and catarrh of chest. (Ibid. ) 15. A theologian, æt. 22, took 3 dr. in 3 doses. The Ist dose caused salt taste and scrapy tickling in throat. After the 2nd dose, the belly began to be uneasy, with cutting and pinching pain. Then confusion of head, tightness in upper part of stomach, inclination to vomit and vomiting ; soon afterwards copious stool. After the 3rd dose chilly feeling, especially in abdomen ; hurried call to stool, has no time to get to the closet, evacuates into his trousers, nevertheless must sit a long time ; p.m., the chilliness forces him to go to bed, where he lies long without getting warm. (Ibid.) 16. A girl, æt. 20, pale, took, Oct. 7th, 6 a.m., dr. Scraping in throat till noon, bitter taste.- 14th, 15th, and 16th, 8 a.m., dr. After h. nausea, inclination to vomit, vertigo, anorexia, feeling of heat and burning in pit of stomach. Nausea, eructation, burning like yesterday ; later, griping about navel, h. later stool. Stomachache and eructation, nausea till afternoon.-26th and 27th, 10 a.m., dr. At first empty eructation, then sickness, so that she can hardly write ; after soup at noon occasional tearing about navel, after dinner vomiting of water, mucus and bread, with constant sickness. Eructation, nausea, water collects in mouth, twice bilious vomiting ; whilst eating tearing in abdomen.-30th, 31st, 10 a.m., & dr. Nausea increased by eating bread and butter, must sit down ; retching, vomiting of food and water. Tearing in transverse colon. Noon, anorexia, sadness, pinching and cutting in large intestine, sickness, pressure in pit of stomach, roughness in throat.-Nov. 7th, 9 a.m. , dr. Vertigo, cannot remain seated, especially when she looks up ; eyes dim as if the VOL . II . 29

room were filled with smoke. Sickness, belching up ofwater ; pinching about navel. ( Ibid., 124.) 17. ScH., a man, æt. 32, bilious temperament, took at 4 p.m. I dr. on sugar. Scraping in throat, tearing down 1. thigh, and in head towards crown, full and distended abdomen, griping above navel. Single twitchings towards 1. side of heart and occasional twitching and tearing in 1. sole. Pappy stool and burning in anus. Slept ill with many dreams. Great secretion of urine. Next d. coryza with nasal discharge lasting some d., as did also the burning in anus. (Ibid., 125. ) 3 18. Dr. St-, æt. 26, took on Sept. 8th and 9th, 10 dr. Thereupon dryness of mouth and scrapy feeling in throat, diminished appetite, little thirst, empty eructation. Before dinner, emptiness in stomach, little appetite and thirst ; afternoon, painful swelling in inner part of r. upper gums. Little sleep, disturbed by tiresome dreams.- 11th, e. , dr. Next m. pressive pain in occiput, swelling of submaxillary gland, painful to touch ; burning pain in l. temple like a live coal laid on it.- 15th, m. dr. Burning in fauces, sour acrid taste rising up from stomach, expectoration ofmuch viscid sour mucus. Lips dry, cracked ; 2 dirty yellow, clayey stools. Dislike to beer. Slept till midnight ; after that great nausea, then vomiting of much sour, pungent-smelling fluid ; afterwards diarrhea, fluid is heard splashing in abdomen, sound sleep till m . On rising is very exhausted, trembling of hands and feet. With the vomiting has confusion of head, which lasted 3 d., as did the anorexia. On urinating, e., burning in urethra. In m. the urine passed at n. was blood red with thick mucous sediment.-Nov. Ist, 3rd, 7th, m., 1 dr. Urine increased, passed about everyth.; nausea with loathing. Constrictive feeling with occasional stitches in anus when walking, stool viscid, swelling of inside of gums on 1. side. Spasmodic aching deep in l. ear. Sleep restless, many dreams ; dryness ofnose and fauces, scraping in fauces making him hawk frequently. Tensive pains in 1. hip-joint making rising from seat difficult. Dryness of fauces increased ; swelling of tonsils, pressure on outside painful, inflammatory redness of 1. conjunctiva. (Ibid., 126.) 19. A maidservant, æt. 32, took on 26th, 27th, 30th, and 31st Oct. and 2nd and 3rd Nov., at 10a.m., dr. After I h. there came on sickness, 4 eructations of water ; later, pain in forehead and tearing to r. temple, where there was shooting for 2 h. After another h. pains about navel like twisting in bowels, twice in succession, then tearing in 1. side of abdomen . II a.m., pressure in stomach, tearing in r. shoulder, nausea, flow of acid water into mouth ; cutting pains under stomach, followed by 2 slimy stools with tenesmus . Next d. , when she took no medicine, she had shooting pain in crown. Slight pain in abdomen, 3 watery stools . -4th, 7th, and 9th, forenoon, dr. Tearing in r. arm up to humerus, later, down to fingers. Sadness, nausea, 3 times feeling of turning over in stomach, then cutting under stomach, and tearing in bowels on r. side near os ilii ; later, splashing in bowels as if they contained nothing but water, chiefly on 1. side. At n. 3 watery stools. On this d. , when she took no medicine, splashing as of water in bowels, restless sleep, watery stools in afternoon. Oneh. after taking medicine pains in abdomen, so that she can hardly breathe, cutting about navel,

and thence up to stomach so that she must crouch together, thence to 1. side. Nervous weakness of legs, trembling all over body, rising up of heat, low spirits, no appetite, 5 watery stools.- 11th, 15th, 16th , 18th, m., dr. Cutting about navel ; tearing on 1. side from flank to r. nipple for some m.; 3 watery stools. When sitting, shooting in instep of 1. foot as if sprained. Throat dry, twice hawking of some mucus . Cutting in bowels and about navel, watery stool. Pricking as with needles in r. side of brain above eye. Heat of body ; burning in throat as from pepper. Pressure in spleen, cutting in abdomen, then 4 loose stools. (Ibid., 127.) 20. а. К- М-, medical student, æt. 26, smelt on Aug. 28th, 9 p.m., a solution of 2 dr. in 100 dr. alcohol. Twitching and shooting through fauces, quivering of eyelids, slight fatigue of whole body with general feeling ofcomfort. Sleep full ofdreams ; on waking gouty pain in knee to which he was subject. -29th, 5.45 a.m., 3 dr. of above solution. 7-8 a.m., flatulence, fulness ofabdomen with slight pinching. 9a.m., violent, fixed, obtuse, spasmodic pain in middle of abdomen, worse when sitting with body bent forward than when sitting upright or walking ; urging towards anus as when purged ; tension and prickling in knee-joints ; prostration and tense feeling of thighs ; full pulse ; warmth ofskin, especially of hands, which are usually cold, with swollen and prominent veins ; anxiety, fulness in chest, and oppressed breathing. 9.45 a.m., tensive pain in sinciput with pressure and shooting. Drowsiness, yawning, relaxation and pressive pain in stomach ; general weariness and prostration of body with ill-humour. 1.30 p.m., violent tiresome tension and distension of whole belly with urging to stool and tenesmus, discharge of flatus with fulness at anus, worse when sitting than when walking or standing. Broken up, firm stool with straining. Laboured full breathing with tightness of chest. Pressive, colicky pains in belly. 3.30 p.m., congestion from abdomen to head with heat of skin and sweat. Pressure in stomach and anxiety. Fulness of head.-31st, 6 a.m., 5 dr. of solution. After h., pinching pains in belly with tenesmus of anus. Pressure and fulness of stomach ; gouty formication in knee. After milk-soup taken 1 h. later, abdominal pains relieved, but all d. prostration, weariness and pain in abdomen.- Sept. Ist, 6.30 a.m., 7 dr. of solution. 8 a.m., 5 dr. Pains in umbilical and hypogastric regions. Urging towards anus, and feeling in interior of rectum as if about to be purged ; pulse small but quick.- 2nd, 6 a.m., 10 dr. Scraping in throat ; oppressed breathing ; pressure in stomach, urging spasmodic pain in epigastrium, especially when sitting, then tensive pain. 9 a.m., slight pinching pains in belly with urging towards anus. Ordinary stool at 6 a.m., and at 9.45 a.m. a stool half soft, half firm. 7 p.m., violent pains in sinciput, with throbbing, tension and pressure out at forehead and confusion, increased by beer and bread. At 9.30 p.m., drank water and was relieved, slept with tiresome dreams till I a.m., when he woke suddenly and had violent headache. 1 a.m. , took 15 dr. and in h. the headache was gone but confusion remained till m. Anxiety, oppression and fulness in stomach and chest. From 3.30 till 6 a.m., slept. On waking, had violent pinching pains with rumbling and gurgling in epigastrium ; soon

afterwards, following spluttering, malodorous flatus, he had urgent call to stool, which was evacuated amid griping spasmodic pains in belly. Fæces soft, dark, and fetid. Then slight searching pain and retraction ofbelly and forcing in epigastrium and umbilical region. This lasted all next d., especially after dinner.-14th, 6 a.m., 25 dr. Tension, pressure, anxiety and oppression in stomach and epigastrium ; confusion of head; nausea; inclination to vomit. Tension and pressure in r. upper arm with weakness extending to fingers. 7 a.m., pinching pains in upper belly, rumbling in bowels. After taking milk, loathing and great nausea with inclination to vomit. Increased general heat, slight sweat and headache ; oppressed respiration ; jerking in head and formication in both arms. 11.30 a.m. , griping and rumbling with fulness in belly and urging towards anus ; pain in belly worse when touched or pressed ; tension in r. side of throat. 4 p.m., urging to stool with full belly and rectum ; difficult and scanty stool. All d. disinclined to do anything, drowsiness, prostration, weariness and weakness.- 22nd, 6 a.m., 15 dr. Soon, tensive pain in epigastrium with pressure in stomach and nausea. b. Smelt strongly 16 dr. ofpure oil. Full, giddy head ; like a veil before eyes ; fulness and pressure in forehead; tension and searching about navel, and forcing towards anus, when lying on sofa ; increased heat of body ; urging to stool. 4 p.m., when walking out pinching and tension about navel, out-pressing in stomach with sudden nausea ; oppression and anxiety ; confusion of sinciput ; cannot breathe through nose ; slight febrile movement over upper part of body. 10 p.m., rubbed stopper over sugar, which he ate. Slept badly, woke after midnight with heaviness in thighs, dazedness and confusion of whole head till m.; inclination to break wind, which came away like a shot ; heaviness of whole abdomen with retracted walls ; dull vermicular movement and slight rumbling about navel ; tensive pain in both upper arms ; urine pale and frothy.-7th, 4 p.m., 2 dr. oil on sugar. Burning scraping in fauces and gullet ; numb feeling all over body ; coryza, slight discharge ; when in open air confusion of whole head with forcing and twisting towards orifices of both ears ; tensive pain in both inguinal regions ; fulness of abdomen and forcing to anus ; increased saliva and collection of mucus in larynx ; pressure and tightness in stomach ; sudden coldness and paleness of hands with shrivelled fingers ; when walking spasmodic, pinching, searching pain in belly and round navel ; fulness and dazedness of head with weight in forehead. 5 p.m., in room sight dim with slight vertigo ; heat in face and of whole body, withelight perspiration ; low voice ; anxiety ; oppression and aching in stomach with great nausea; fulness and oppression of both sides of chest with burning stitches in 1. thoracic cavity and towards both scapulæ ; pale and cold face ; increased pain in upper part of body. 7 p.m., a transient febrile rigor over back ; rumbling and rattling in belly ; searching pain about navel with increased pain when touched or pressed. 8 p.m. , great forcing and tenesmus in rectum, and pinching flatulent pain when sitting as if he wanted to go to stool ; when walking slight flatulence with urging to stool ; after walking sudden call to stool ; splashing, rumbling, and pinching in bowels ;

when sitting in the closet forcing and tenesmus, but 3 very small liquid stools of brownish-grey colour squirted out ; thereafter prostration and slight pain in belly ; all e. a tickling painful feeling in tip of tongue with clammy taste. From 8.30 p.m. to 12.30 a.m., sleep with sudden waking ; confusion of head with dulness and pressure in forehead ; all abdomen painful ; crawling and slight tearing in knees ; collection of mucus in larynx with tickling and irritation ; on getting up to write rumbling in bowels and fetid flatus. From 12.30 to 3.30 a.m., anxious, oppressed, tossing about in bed, with sleeplessness and constant erections, then fell asleep and had many anxious dreams ; wakes at 5.30 with an emission ; slight griping in bowels, increased by touch ; on pressing on navel the pain extends to anus and the bowel protruded there somewhat. In bed, m., urging to stool, which was soft but formed and bright brown, with uncomfortable feeling in anus after evacuation ; taste clammy, tongue white ; urine pale orange coloured, slightly turbid, and sediment.-8th. All d. fulness, distension, tenseness, and rumbling in belly ; after dinner and walking more violent pains in belly, and at 4 p.m. hurried call to stool, and soft stool of dirty green colour and fetid odour ejected suddenly like a shot ; after the stool painful excoriated feeling inside anus, and prolapse and swelling of rectum with urging again to stool ; on compressing the belly and pressing towards the rectum the pain extended to genitals and ended with shooting in glans penis, so that he did not know what to do for pain, anxiety, and oppression, and had to keep as quiet as possible ; perspiration broke out on forehead, and nausea came on with loss of sight and hearing ; on bending body forward the pain was more violent than when standing upright or walking, but this he could hardly do owing to the sore pain of external anus ; rest allayed the pain gradually and then the bowel seemed to be retracted ; all e. prostration of whole body, crossness, and anorexia.-9th. Sleep uneasy and full of dreams ; the pain in anus persisted till he fell asleep. 4.30 a.m., woke with weakness and weariness of limbs ; head dazed, heavy, and confused ; tension in both inguinal regions, and heavy, fatigued feeling in both upper arms ; burning and itching in anus ; searching, noises, and slight twisting in belly, with pain on touching navel ; rumbling in stomach and weight in chest ; urine n. and m. dark fiery red, full of flocculent and opaque sediment, with a clearer mass at bottom of vessel and fat swimming on the top. All d. slight searching pains in belly and frequent flatus as if there would be sudden liquid stool ; sufferings increased after eating ; frequent flow of saliva and mucous secretion ; no stool all d. although frequent urging thereto.-10th. Slight pains in belly and then ordinary stool followed by pains in rectum ; the pain in navel on pressure persisted till 13th. c. Nov. 17th, 6 a.m., 3 dr. of the oil on sugar. Burning and scraping in fauces and gullet ; heat ofmouth; pressure in pit ofstomach . Fulness, pressure, and burning in both sides of chest. Anxiety and tight, laboured breathing. Accumulation of mucus in larynx with tickling. Frequent inclination to vomit. Repeated retching with flow of water into mouth ; continual cough ; great nausea ; confusion of head, especially of forehead, with pressure and weight; transient tear

ing in both knee-joints ; pulsation, shooting, and burning in anus ; the nausea aggravated by lying. 6.30 a.m., violent retching and twice vomiting of yellow water with oily odour and sweetish-bitter oily taste ; constriction in stomach, pressure in pit of stomach, and flow of water from eyes and nose ; dull, forcing pains towards orifices of both ears ; painful burning and scraping in gullet ; weariness and relaxation of lower extremities ; painful pressure sure in thighs , discharge of fetid flatus ; loud pulsation and throbbing of heart. On drinking a little water he had a flat disgusting taste and emptiness ; persistent nausea, and accumulation of water and mucus in mouth with slight chill. After 7 a.m., sudden, violent, repeated vomiting ofwhitish-yellow frothy fluid with great straining of stomach ; he had to lean against the washing-stand to resist the spasmodic retching ; cramp in stomach and epigastrium ; heaviness and weariness in both arms and itching of the places rubbed ; shooting in l. side of chest ; rumbling of bowels on 1. side ; slight forcing towards anus ; he was unable to take his usual milk-soup on account of confusion of head, loathing, and nausea ; general malaise. 9 a.m., after frequent straining at anus a pappy, bright brown stool covered with mucus ; thereafter rumbling in l. side of belly. 10a.m., very soft, pappy, mucous and hurried stool of greyishgreen and dirty brown colour, and coming out like a shot ; pain in anus as from a plug that was sticking in and tried to force itself out ; painful sensitiveness of penis with red glans and shooting in urethra ; great flow of urine. 4 p.m., a semi-fluid stool of dirty brown colour ; all d. searching, rumbling, and gurgling in bowels. (Ibid., 129.) 21. B-, a man æt. 27, Aug. 31st, 10 a.m. , dr. dissolved in ether. All forenoon scraping in fauces, then burning, afterwards tickling in larynx ; sudden throbbing in region of aorta ; excoriation pains and burning in anus after moving.- Sept. Ist, 9 a.m., dr. M. , 2 soft stools. After I h. scrapy feeling in throat still there ; after a light yellow diarrheic stool at noon, perspiration, creeping in occiput, pressure in larynx, especially 1. side.-2nd, 10 a.m., dr. Aching in 1. ear ; confusion of sinciput ; shooting in 1. side of navel ; head as from taking alcohol ; urging to urinate; increased saliva ; frequent hawking, coughing, and irritation to cough ; no stool till e. -3rd, 10 a.m. , dr . After 1 h. rough feeling in fauces and throat ; later, scraping in œsophagus ; frequent yawning ; confusion of head with pressure in temples ; tearing in l. forearm ; straining in r. lower eye-tooth. After smelling at oil increased secretion in nasal m.m. 2 p.m., violent stitches through middle of 1. side of chest, recurring in e.; throbbing posteriorly in r. thoracic cavity.-4th, 11 a.m., 10 1 dr. Creeping heat in abdominal integuments ; full feeling up into throat with pressure in œsophagus ; no stool till e.; nasal m.m. and conjunctiva always somewhat irritated by vapour of oil ; frequent discharge of malodorous flatus.-6th, 8. a.m., 1 gr. rubbed up with sugar. Tickling, then scraping, then burning at junction of soft with hard palate; vertigo, especially on r. side, with pressing in r. eye ; during afternoon siesta dreams of what happened during d.; 3 stools before e.-7th and 8th, 8 a.m., dr. Redness and elongation of uvula ; voice hollow as though he had a severe catarrh ; burning and swelling on nates where

they come together at anus, after walking ; mucus collects and rattles in larynx, e.; burning in fauces during expiration, diminished during inspiration ; urine cloudy ; pressive pain in 1. half of sinciput ; no pleasure in work, prefers dawdling to working seriously.-9th, 10th , and 12th, 7 a.m., dr. in syrup. While washing, m., gums bleed, increased heat in fauces; weight and pressure in ankle-joint, e.; urine with a cloudy sediment, which gradually disappears and after 24 h. is replaced by brownish crystals which float in the places where the cloud was and adhere to sides of glass ; yawning almost all forenoon ; feeling of hollowness in chest ; voice hollow, must always hawk ; stitches in 1. side of chest ; pressure in chest when breathing deeply ; pressure in stomach, heartburn ; pressure deep in middle of chest ; much urine. In m., frequent cough with mucous expectoration ; head confused, r. side especially, with pressure down from crown, often shooting out below ear, hears worse with r. ear ; feels as though the lung did not expand properly when he inspires ; always some mucus in bronchial tubes which he cannot get up ; oppression of chest ; very cross and unhappy ; shooting in middle of 1. eye, forenoon, less in r. eye.- 14th , 15th, and 16th, 8 a.m., dr. Sensitiveness of stomach to touch. E. , transient colic pain below navel, with distended abdomen, followed by urging to stool, after stool dyspnea ; soreness of abdomen when coughing ; tension between navel and scrob. cordis ; flatulent colic, e.; much yellow urine passed ; burning in glans when urinating, urging to urinate ; some mucus in lungs, which he cannot get up by hawking ; dyspnea and slight wheezing when he inspires deeply and expires ; immediately after rising confused head. About noon, drowsiness so that he would like to lie down, but when he does so cannot sleep ; palpitation of heart ; crossness and irritability, no pleasure in anything ; when walking he has 3 times shooting and tearing dislocation pain, especially in 1. os metatarsi pollicis, so that he cannot tread properly ; cough in e. with expectoration of white mucus and pressure in chest ; taste of almonds .- 17th, m. , dr. Besides previous symptoms has gouty tearing in l. foot, burning in cheeks, some pimples in face ; urine copious ; at midnight when he was still up he felt fulness and aching in stomach followed by nausea, then slight vomiting of his supper, thereafter sweat on face and well feeling ; h. later repetition of vomiting which tasted bitter, then fell asleep till m . In afternoon violent shooting in 1. renal region hindering respiration.- 21st, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, 8 a.m. , dr. Violent shooting in under part of 1. big toe ; h. later, inr. In e., stitches in spleen ; feels as though the air did not penetrate deep enough into air-cells and the lung did not properly expand. Afternoon, palpitation of heart, twitching in l. foot when sitting. E., oppression of chest ; urine passed in m. is frothy ; burning in glans when urinating ; voice rough and hoarse ; short breath, increased by going upstairs ; forgetfulness.-25th and 26th, 8 a.m., dr. On r. lower lidt inch below caruncula a cutaneous gland is swollen size of a hemp seed ; skin red ; this went off in 4 d.; itching in l. lid ; forcing pain in sinciput ; after eating pain in abdomen ; pressive pain in r. shoulder-joint ; prickling in lowest third of l. leg ; urine passed during d. is pale and has a white sediment ; coldness of feet up to calves ;

eruption in r. side of septum narium, painful when touched, size of a pea, red ; some small elevated yellow vesicles appeared same d. on navel ; on 4th d. there is a light brown scab, which fell off on 6th, the skin then remained red and tender, and desquamated again ; frequent pinching in belly and cold feeling there ; cramp pain in r. eyelids, especially towards external canthus ; prickling, itching, and burning in front part of r. sole; burning in anus so that he could hardly sit still. N., disturbed by dreams of a very anxious character ; for several d. past sore pain in penultimate lower 1. molar when chewing.-30th and 31st, 7 a.m., dr. Feeling of a crumb in throat, not increased by swallowing. Noon, boring pain in l. elbow-joint ; burning in corners of mouth with slight swelling on their outer border for several d.; confusion of occiput ; on expiration, stitches in cardiac region, repeated 1 h. later ; gouty tearing in r. big toe ; in e. bilious eructation ; prickling in scalp of crown ; frequent shooting in cardiac region. E., drawing in r. wrist ; frequent throbbing in lower part of r. side of chest between 6th and 7th ribs, also the following e. Twitching in 1. middle fingers and r. ring finger.-Nov. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7 a.m., dr. Shooting in 1. eyeball ; eructation, nausea, weakness ; heat proceeding from lumbar vertebræ ; colic pains about navel. Prickling in r. big toe ; shooting between nape and occiput ; tension of corners of mouth ; shooting in cæcum ; drawing in r. forearm ; drawing and tearing in 1. middle finger ; weight and confusion of whole head with formication in eyes ; shooting under 1. ear ; sensitiveness of chest when touched.-7th, 8th, 9th, 7 a.m., dr. Pinching in epigastrium; palpitation of heart after dinner, especially when lying ; twitching in thighs during siesta ; shooting in l. temple ; shooting twitching in head ; vertigo and confusion of head till supper-time. Shooting in r. outer ankle ; formication in r. little toe ; confusion in l. side of occiput; jerking formication in r. big toe ; tearing in r. upper arm, later in r. shoulder-joint ; itching heat on upper third ofr. tibia; mistiness and weakness ofr. eye ; pressure and drawing in cervical vertebræ ; burning in urethra when urinating ; aching in temples ; lame feeling in l. thigh ; undefined pain in l. groin ; chilliness and rigor ; itching in l. upper lid; itching burning in middle of 1. thigh ; 1. testicle retracted, r. lax.-13th, 16th, 17th, 7 a.m., I dr. Pressure in stomach with discomfort in abdomen ; pressure and aching above navel ; attacks of vertigo when walking in open air ; heat and burning in r. side of face from corner of mouth ; painful prickling and shooting in r. big toe at root of nail ; pressure in temples. Next d. drawing in 1. spermatic cord hindering walking ; scraping in anus immediately after stool; nausea increased, painful heat over body, thereafter cold feeling in lumbar vertebræ; shooting in sinciput when walking ; shooting in lower third ofchest on inspiration ; shooting in l. shoulder-joint; lips dry and tense in e. Increased heat ofwhole body, later prickling, burning heat, burning up the œsophagus , liquid, fæculent stool with scraping in posterior part of anus. (Ibid. , 138.) 22. Aug. 25th, 6 a.m., took I gr. 2nd trit. C.-26th, 6 a.m., 2 gr. -27th, 6 a.m., 4 gr. Soon after taking it slight scraping in throat with warm feeling in back of mouth lasting h., went off after drinking cold water. After 1 h. empty feeling in stomach, disagreeable sen

sation in intestinal canal with rumbling in belly for h.- 28th, 6 a.m. , 8 gr. Besides the scraping and warm feeling in throat, is obliged to swallow saliva ; at same time, deep in œsophagus, an acute pain as if a small ball were pressed out on the l. side. This lasted + h . and went off after drinking cold water. After 4 h. pain in 1. nape-muscles on nodding head.-29th, 6 a.m., 16 gr. Scraping in throat ; pain in nape went off gradually. After 5 h. tearing pains in finger-joints of r. hand for several h. Slight colicky pains in umbilical region, frequent rumbling and gurgling in bowels, but without stool. E., frequent discharge of fetid flatus. All d., frequent itching or, rather, biting like vermin on pubes and on glans. Some pain between 1. thigh and scrotum.- 30th, 6 a.m., 20 gr. The burning scraping soon after ingestion extended deep down the esophagus, did not yield to cold water, but lasted over 2 h. Colicky pains several times during forenoon. Stool at usual time. All d., biting itching in glans and scrotum frequently. The part of 1. thigh opposite scrotum shows a red, weepingspot secreting a fetid discharge ; it pains like a sore when touched and also when walking, and then causes a tiresome gnawing.- 31st, 6 a.m., gr. 2nd trit. The burning scraping from the tongue down œsophagus that came on after the dose, spread, after I h., over stomach and bowels, with frequent desire to swallow, which always caused the pain in cæsophagus, like a ball being pressed through its wall. In forenoon, some stomachache, distension, and heavy feeling in abdomen, flatulence, and frequent, slight, colic pains. A liquid stool at usual time. All d. , the biting in scrotum and the dark red, moist spot in thigh.- Sept. Ist and 2nd. Each d., at usual time, liquid stool. Urine brown, grew turbid soon, and deposited a copious brown sediment. The itching in scrotum and on moist, stinking spot on thigh as before ; the spot is larger, but not so moist.-3rd and 4th. Scrotum itches no longer, the eczema on thigh dry and covered with fine, white scales ; it is less painful, but a similar itching occurs at anus, making him rub.-5th, 6th, and 7th. No more smarting in eczema, only some pain when it is touched, redness diminished, no more scales. Itching of anus very troublesome, and it has recurred in scrotum.-8th, 9th, 10th. Itching of anus gone, the eczema of thigh is only a slight redness.-11th, 12th, 13th. Well. (HENCKE, Archiv, 23. a. Mr. N-,xx,æt. 2, 50, 183.)took several doses ofC. 15. They caused some colic, nausea, dulness of head, and slight pain in forehead. Also itching on scrotum. A week afterwards he had a burning, itching eruption around neck, composed of small, hard, red, elevated spots, which went off in 4 or 5 d. b. Another time he took 12 dr. of C. 4, which caused a feeling as if diarrhea were coming on. For 7 d. he took the same dilution, commencing with 5 dr. and taking an additional dr. every d. On 5th and 6th d., e., some colic and flatulent symptoms, with discharge of flatus. Four d. after last dose several itching vesicles appeared on chin, which coalesced and became covered with a moist scab . Five d. later the scab fell off and a red mark remained some time. c. He then took C. 15 for 5 successive m. Ist d., I dr. After 5 m. rumbling in bowels. After 2 h. sinking in stomach and feeling of

weariness. Empty eructation, slight tensive pain over r. orbit, and pressure on r. side of occiput. In afternoon, discharge of flatus, with liquid stool and then urging till e. without evacuation.-2nd d., 2 dr. After 4 h. sudden tearing pain in l. upper arm, especially deltoid muscle, lasting 2 h. Empty eructation, especially p.m., disagreeable feeling in abdomen as if diarrhea would occur, hiccup, yawning, and peculiar feeling of anxiety, as if some misfortune would happen.-3rd d., 4 dr. After 10 m. the rheumatic pain in 1. upper arm woke him, but it went off during d. Transient cramp-pain in r. knee-joint ; after h. disagreeable empty and hungry feeling with rumbling in bowels ; inside of prepuce slightly inflamed, with secretion. Cough from collection of mucus in trachea.-4th d., 8 dr. M., liquid stool, empty eructation. After dinner heartburn with nausea, tired feeling, eructation, flatus.-5th d., inflammation of prepuce gone, but instead itching in scrotum .-6th d., 2 dr. C. 4. Pressure in pit of stomach, transient ; headache as from deranged stomach, hunger without appetite, some vesicles in mouth and palate, wakes frequently. -7th d., 4 dr.-8th d., 8 dr.-9th d., 16 dr. C. 4. Laryngeal catarrh. Throbbing in splenic region. Sinking and feeling of hunger, pressive pain in hypogastrium and bladder, itching in scrotum, pains on inner side of 1. upper arm, frequent sprained pain in 1. foot, diarrheic stool with urging.- 10th d., 32 dr. Pressive pain on the posterior end of 1. crista ilii, frequent cramp in 1. sole and inside of foot, itching on scrotum, copious stool with rumbling in belly, great discharge of flatus, e. Four weeks later, 15 dr. Feeling as if diarrhea would come on, sensation ofinsects creeping on face, itching on scrotum ; e. , sinking and unnatural hunger, irritable, peevish, sad. Next d. sad, anxious humour, great weariness, and emptiness. (Ibid. , 186.) 24. (External). CONWELL rubbed 5 dr. into arm of a girl of 15. This caused nausea, perspiration, and increase of urine. (Froriep's Notiz., vii, 13.) 25. C. oil got accidentally into the eye. Though soon washed out, it caused violent pain, and in less thanh. inflammation of eye and face, roaring in ears and a kind of vertigo, he could not stand from fear of falling. After 4 weeks the eye was still weak. (COMMensury, Four. de Pharmacie, xiii, 394.) 26. Four dr. of the oil rubbed around navel caused, in h., itching, then painful burning till e. Next d. erythema with pustules which formed scabs the d. after. At same time painful febrile state and a herpetic eruption on scrotum. (LANDSBERG, loc. cit.) 27. TAVERNIER poured 4 dr. on hand and rubbed this in around navel. After 2 h. the whole abdomen, without previous itching, was covered with innumerable small, lentil-shaped, elevated pustules, which were bright red and caused local irritation, but no itching. At n. such violent itching came on he could not sleep and felt quite ill. Next m . the redness had declined, but the pustules were paler on their apices than on their circumferences. The skin where the eruption was was tender to touch. The pustules gradually paled, but formed no scabs or scales. The 8th d., only soine pale red spots were to be seen. (Froriep's Notiz. , xii, 287.)

1. а. С. М-, medical student, Nov. 12th, 10 p.m. , rubbed the stopper of a bottle moistened with the oil twice over the 1. deltoid muscle. Slight redness of skin with cold feeling, then warmth. Sleep restless, full ofdreams.-13th . Some itching on rubbed place. Neighbouring skin reddened even where oil had not come. Many discrete, larger and smaller, lentil-shaped but yet pointed, dark red, little pustules. On moving arm, burning and itching. All forenoon, prostration of whole body and nausea ; head confused. On touching and uncovering the rubbed place the pain, burning and itching increased. The whole place was elevated, nodulated, and rough to the feel ; drowsiness, and prostration. Slight slumber, followed by chilliness over back. Confusion of sinciput. The small pustules disappeared after some d. and changed to small, bright elevations of skin, the larger pustules remained for 5 d. b. 14th. Rubbed 2 dr. on skin of 1. arm, below deltoid muscle. Slight redness of the whole part rubbed. The smell from the rubbed place caused giddiness in sinciput, and drawing pains through nose to its root and thence into brain; slight dimness of vision. Pressure in stomach with tickling sensation and slight spasmodic movement as though he should vomit. In external canthus of r. eye twitching and shooting, with contraction and twitching of whole eye. Pressure in r. side of forehead and temples. Heaviness, weakness, and loss of sight of eyes. Soon afterwards burning of rubbed place. Feeling and taste at tip of tongue like electricity and bitter-sweetish ; great confusion of whole head, pressure towards forehead, and nausea. Cross humour ; pressure in pit of stomach ; slight chill ; loathing and heaving to vomit. 2 p.m., pinching and griping in belly about navel and on 1. side of bowels ; much urine. On the rubbed spot, besides the redness, the skin was rough.-15th ., m., when lying on 1. side, throbbing, tension and frequent twitching in l. upper arm, extending to fingers, so that he felt compelled to close the fingers involuntarily. A large number of large and small discrete, but thickly set red, pointed, and roundish pustules on the part rubbed and elsewhere. Touching, moving and rubbing caused itching and burning ; heaviness of upper arm at shoulder. Skin slightly reddened, the pustules feel rough and elevated. The smaller ones declined into white, shining elevations of the skin. The whole place on the skin again became whitish, but the larger pustules remained red for 5 d., when they gradually lessened, and only a few of them got whitish desquamation ; as to the others, rubbing with the hand only brought out a few small scales. Both places on the skin of the 1. upper arm, which had been rubbed, gradually lost all the pustules, but itching remained for upwards of a fortnight, and also a feeling of weight and tension in the l. upper arm . c. 19th, 8 p.m., rubbed 4 dr. on skin above navel. Warm feeling and slight burning of skin. Next m. pressure in stomach and full feeling, with tightness ofchest ; heaviness and slight lameness of 1. upper arm. The pustules appeared just like those on l. upper arm, but were broader, rounder, softer, and more elevated. They went off in precisely the same way. (BUCHNER, Archiv, xix, i, 148.) 29. When separating an acid from the croton, he was exposed to the vapour it emitted. Next m. face, lips, eyelids were swollen, red,

inflamed ; round eyes a broad ring of small vesicles, followed by weakness and heaviness in upper and lower extremities, burning in throat and bowels, then great drowsiness and weariness. (BRANDES, Hufel. Journ., lvii , 1 , 120.) 30. A chemist who had rubbed up some seeds in a mortar, and whose hands, smeared with the oil, had touched his face, was next d. affected with swelling and redness of hands and face which lasted 3 d. (Rust's Mag., xix, 526.) 31. Two to four dr. rubbed into skin cause erythema, studded with small, round or cylindrical pustules, which dry up and fall off in from 12 to 24 h. Rubbed on trochanter it caused redness and pustules on scrotum, attended with pain and fever. In one case the rubbing in of 3 dr. on throat caused erysipelas bullosum on neck, nape, and chest, with swelling of eyelids, nose, and mouth. Desquamation occurred in 4 d. (ROMBERG, Casper's Wochensch. , 1835, No. 15, p. 225.) 32. After 2 or 3 rubbings in of the oil, the whole part becomes erythematous and burning hot ; small vesicles like miliaria also appear, which seem to contain no serum. Before the eruption appears, the patient complains of burning pain in skin, which subsides after their appearance. The eruption and redness of skin go off in 2 d. (Отто, Ibid., 269.) 33. After rubbing in Oss oil in r. groin, not only the whole scrotum but the face also was covered with closely-set pustules. When seen the pustules on one side of the scrotum had burst and formed a suppurating ulcer. In the face, which was unrecognisable, the pustules dried and rubbed off. The eruption consisted ofvesicles which became filled with pus, and had a depression on their apex. (MEINEL, Deutsche Klinik, 1851 , No. 41 , p. 437. ) 34. HENCKE rubbed 2 dr. of the oil in e. on umbilical region . After h. rumbling and loud gurgling in bowels. After 6 h. disturbed in sleep by flatulent colic, the pains lasted about h., and went off gradually with noisy discharge of flatus. After 9 h. ordinary stool. Two d. later repeated the rubbing in of the oil in e. At n. violent colicky pains, and discharge of noisy fetid flatus. Next d., in afternoon, while walking, very tiresome gnawing itching in scrotum. 6p.m., flatulence and soon afterwards hurried call to stool, which came out quickly with flatus, motion thin and scanty. 8 p.m., immediately after supper colicky pains with rumbling in bowels, and feeling as in diarrhea, lasting h. and going off in discharge of flatus. Next d. sleep disturbed by the itching on scrotum ; rubbing the part allayed the itching, but caused erections. The usual stool did not occur, but in e. there was an insufficient slowly discharged soft stool. The itching in scrotum lasted all d., and was aggravated by walking. No eruption to be seen. 9 p.m., rubbed in 3 dr. Next d. sleep at n. disturbed by the itching of scrotum. M., at usual time, a liquid stool with flatus. When the oil had been rubbed on abdomen, there appeared an eruption of small millet-sized papules which itched and gnawed, and when touched caused sore pain. The eruption disappeared in 5 d., the itching in scrotum in 2 d. (Loc. cit.) II. Poisonings.- 1 . JANET W-, æt. 19, having tubercular con

densation of apex of 1. lung, took by mistake teaspoonful of liniment composed of equal parts of croton and olive oil. In h. she complained of intense burning in throat and all down gullet ; no pain in stomach, and pulse and temp. unaltered. She was made to drink large quantities of warm water, and vomiting soon occurred. An emetic of sulphate of zinc caused vomiting to be very severe and continuous ; the ejecta contained bile and the remains of a scanty meal, and they tasted strongly of croton oil. After vomiting had lasted 15 m. she complained of violent pain in stomach, not increased by pressure. After an enema of starch and opium vomiting and pain in stomach abated, but pain became very severe in lower part of bowels. Next d. all symptoms had abated, and bowels, which had been costive, again became so. (J. BRIDON, M.D., Ed. Med. Journ. , vii, 135. ) 2. A young Mohammedan took an overdose of croton oil, which occasioned hypercatharsis. Evacuations after a time consisted only of mucus and serum, pulse was scarcely perceptible, extremities cold, and features contracted. When first seen I thought he was suffering from cholera.* (CHRISTIE, On Cholera, pp. 14, 15.) 3. Man, æt. 31, having been occupied about 8 h. in emptying packages of croton seeds, by which he was exposed to their dust, was brought into St. Thomas's Hospital with symptoms ofpoisoning. The first ill effects observed were loss of appetite, then burning sensation in nose and mouth, tightness at chest, and copious lachrymation, followed by epigastric pain. Feeling himself getting worse he left the warehouse, but became very giddy, and fell down insensible. An emetic was administered, stimulants exhibited, and he was wrapped in warm blankets. When he became sensible he complained that his mouth was parched and his throat swelling. On admission to hospital he appeared in a state of collapse, complaining of burning pain atstomach, in throat, and in head. Epigastrium felt hot and tense, pupils were dilated, breathing short and hurried, countenance distressed, pulse 85, surface cold. He stated that his tongue felt too large for his mouth, and appeared to be without feeling ; he had bitten it two or three times to ascertain if there was any sensation in it. On examination, however, no change could be observed in size or appearance of tongue or parts about mouth. Hot brandy and water were given to him, and he was put into the hot bath with evident relief. He continued in hospital several d., during which time he continued to improve, but still complained of epigastric pain. It deserves notice that his bowels were not acted on, and on the d. following his admission several doses of castoroil were given to him. (PEREIRA, op. cit., sub voce.) 4. A young man. æt. 25, affected with severe typhoid fever, swallowed by mistake ziiss ofcroton oil. At end of h. skin was cold and covered with cold sweat, pulse and action of heart scarcely perceptible, respiration difficult ; points of toes and fingers, and parts around eyes and lips blue, as in malignant cholera ; abdomen sensitive to touch ; but no vomiting. In 1 h. there were excessive and involuntary * Mr. C. H. Bell says that he has seen a patient attacked with cramps like those of cholera under the action of a medicinal dose of croton tiglium. (Brit. Med. Journ., 1854, p. 393.)

alvine evacuations, sense of burning in œsophagus, acute sensibility of abdomen, skin colder, respiration and circulation difficult ; the cyanosis extended over whole body ; skin became insensible ; and death occurred, with some of the symptoms ofasphyxia, 4 h. after poison was swallowed. No lesion was found in gastric membrane ; and intestines presented only those of typhoid fever. ( Ibid.) 5. A. C-, æt. 4, took 3j by mistake just after a meal. He complained almost immediately of pain in throat ; in 5 m. severe vomiting came on, and in 3 m. more violent purging, with great pain in bowels . Thirst was intense, and he drank large quantities of water. After h . Dr. Keith found patient almost completely exhausted, countenance pale and rather shrunk, pulse small and rapid, extremities rather cold ; vomiting had for some m. ceased, but purging still continued, though not so severely, passage being without pain and apparently involuntary ; no complaint made on compression of abdomen ; fæces had numerous streaks of a white slimy, emulsion-like substance, mixed with large quantities of clear glairy fluid, which kind of matter was also vomited ; thirst continued unabated. At 4.30 he was found in a very restless state, tossing convulsively about, as if in pain ; feet cold, pulse 130. At 5.30 pulse had risen to 150, and was very weak ; feet and legs cold ; he generally lay quietly on belly, but occasionally tossed about. At 5.45 pulse was so quick and weak it could not be counted ; he lay in a lethargic state, sometimes drawing himselfup as if in pain ; disinclined to speak, and uttering no complaints. At 6.30 pulse was stronger but still very rapid, extremities warmer, vomiting had ceased, and he seemed more lively. At 8.15 he was found hot and perspiring, with pulse as high as 190. At 9.30 pulse was down to 120 and stronger ; otherwise better. When seen next m. he was found to have had a good night's rest ; pulse 116 and of moderate strength ; countenance pale, though natural ; tongue red, smooth, glistening, and dry in centre ; throat red and sore, and voice husky. Next d. almost well. (Edin. Monthly Fourn. ofMed. Science, 1843.) III. Experiments on animals.-1 . a. The experiments of Landsberg and others upon horses show that these animals are but slowly affected by croton seeds, although the symptoms ultimately developed are severe and even fatal. The most striking of them are these : loss of appetite, frequency of pulse, debility, signs of abdominal pain, foaming or unusual dryness of mouth, grinding of teeth, short, quick, and laborious breathing, flatulent distension of abdomen, diarrhea, tenesmus, followed by paralysis of rectum, cold sweating, and death. The gastro-intestinal mucous membrane is found injected and softened, and the bowels are filled with a bloody liquid. In these experiments 10-40 seeds were given, but latter quantity only was fatal. b. Orfila gave a dog ziij of seeds, which had been beaten to a paste, and then tied œsophagus. In h. animal made strong efforts to vomit, and in 1 h. more lay insensible on his side. In another h. he was dead. Whole intestinal canal was highly injected, and mucous membrane of stomach had dark red colour. When paste was introduced into subcutaneous cellular tissue, it produced same general symptoms, but neither vomiting nor purging, and intestine was not found inflamed.

c. The action of the oil on dogs is very speedy and decided. Conwell found that a single drop caused a discharge from bowels within 40 m.; 12 dr. caused vomiting, and, on the animal being sacrificed, the -whole intestinal canal was found inflamed. Five dr. injected into a vein produced vomiting, purging, debility, and-in 2 h.-death. The gastro- intestinal m.m. was highly inflamed. d. In three instances Hertwig injected 3 or 4 dr. of oil into jugular vein of a horse. Immediately respiration became rapid and irregular, pulse almost imperceptible, muscles very feeble, and animal showed signs of pain, followed by apparent insensibility. After h. symptoms remitted, but in course of 3 h. more returned again. Death took place in 8 h. without there having been any disturbance of bowels. On dissection, alimentary tube presented no alteration, but heart was spotted with ecchymoses, and pericardium contained a large quantity of bloody serum. Lungs also were much congested. e. The more recent experiments of Bucheim (Virchow's Archiv, xii, 1 ) correspond in their results with these. In no instance after injecting croton oil, either pure or from which the free acrid principle had been removed by alcohol, into the veins of an animal, was diarrhea produced, or inflammation of the intestinal canal excited. Vomiting and the discharge of natural fæces were observed. (STILLÉ, op. cit., sub voce " Oleum tiglii . ")

Volume IV — Appendix

CROTON.

(See vol. ii, p. 447.)

II. h. ProfScHUBY narrates that when semina tiglii were handed round, one of his students swallowed a small particle, about 0'06 grm., at about 8 a.m. At first taste was not disagreeable \ but after a few m. it became like that of a mouldy walnut, and he spat it out. After 10 m., during which he had constantly to swallow, he felt burning and

5«>3

tcrecching at posterior part of tongue, and all down pharynx, with sensation of heat. In 15 — 20 m. this sensation extended down oesophagus to stomach. Severe intolerable pains of drawing character now attacked the empty stomach (he had not yet breakfasted), with nausea and cold sweat on forehead. Intestinal peristalsis was strongly excited, and about 9 a.m. he had severe colic, with constant desire to defaecate. In going home he had to stop at a tavern to relieve himself; evacuation rapid and watery. To remove burning in throat he ordered a light breakfast, but could not eat it, as he had again to hurry to the closet, Going home he had to stop again at another place, and during forenoon he had about a dozen evacuations. (^%. horn. Zeit.y May, 1889.)