Duboisinum

Volume IV — Appendix

DUBOISINUM.

Alkaloid obtained from Dubouia mjtpenUts. Nat. Ord., Stianactte.

I. Provings. — I. a. C. £. J., in good health, pulse 68, took 5 gr. of sacch. lactis moistened with 2nd dil. of sulphate every h. from 8 a.m., April 27th. II, slight tingling sensation in lower extremities as if asleep, accompanied with bad taste-in mouth. 12 m., slight aching in forehead and supra-orbital region, which continued all afternoon, out stopped as soon as he discontinued takingdrug. On 28th, at 1 1 a.m., began taking 3X dil., 10 dr. every h. There was renewal of above symptoms, and rise of pulse to 88, whereupon drug was discontinued. On May 2nd, at noon, it was resumed. 7 p.m., dryness in throat, without much thirst ; pupils slightly dilated. 3rd.-— 9 a.m., pupils widely dilated and eyes feel cool ; some pain in 1. side of throat on swallowing, as of a splinter there, worst on empty deglutition } throat feels dry and sticky, as also mouth and tongue, but there is not much desire for water ; eyes feel tired; slight pain in eyeball, just beneath brow. 10 p.m., pulse 67 ; dull feeling in head, as if after interrupted sleep; somewhat dizzy. 4th. — Pulse 6a; eyes still feel tired, and ache when reading ; can read better, and print looks blacker, at double the usual distance; not much headache, but pain (sharp) in upper eyeball is increasing. Took 20 dr. once, and afterwards 10 dr. each h. to 2 p.m., when he was obliged to leave off on account of complete [Mralysis of accommodation ; could not bear to read at any distance, and could not look at food, while eating, on account of pain ; felt

57°

and uneasy all p.m. ; slight tremor passed over him sere pressing pain in eye, and smarting sharp pain under browj'

feeling. 7.30 p.m., bad

restless times

ear feels as if it had water in it, a dull feeling. 7.30 p.m., bad ta«t mouth all d. Retired about 10, and shortly after had the sharp

in

eyeball pain for 20 m, 5th. — A.m., aching in r. ear for 30 m. (hu not had earache for 10 years) ; 6.30 p.m.) took 20 dr. each h. till 1045; eyes felt cool during e. ; some dry feeling in throat. 6th. — Aching in I. ear soon after rising ; pulse 68 ; head heavy and dizzy ; pain, chiefly over eyes ; cannot make out print within 2 feet, and it shows sevenJ colours — blue, orange, and reddish- brown, as does the ink when writing ; pupils to-day nearly normal, but he could not read or look at print — a + 20 glass makes vision at normal distance possible, but eyes feel strained in using it ; some nausea all p.m. j headache over eyes, and in forehead and temples ; smarting sharp pain down r. side of face.

b. Thisd, eyes were examined with ophthalmoscope. O.D., optic disc very red, small vessels visible, large vessels much enlarged md tortuous; outline of disc indistinct; retinal veins dilated, arteries diminished ; whole fundus hyper^mic ; at time of examination pupili of normal size, contracting under strong light. O. S,, hyperimii much greater; disc intensely red ; outlines indistinct ; accommodation at time paralysed, could not read No. i J. at any distance, but with -+- 36 could read it at 12 in., any change in distance causing blur; tension normal.

c. On 13th awoke from sleep with throat trouble, resembling that experienced while making proving — dry, burning sensation, w-ith cough. Took 3 dr. of ist cent., and remained up studying for an h., when head felt so bad that he went to bed again. The fallowing symptoms were noted : Things seemed elevated ; every time he looictd up from his book a dull pain through upper part of eyeballs and fort' head, like sick headache ; eyes felt very large and protruding. {Trans, of Amer. Horn. Ophth, and Otol, Soc,^ 1879.)

1. a. A. B. N. Usual health ; pulse normal (78). April 29th, 8 a.m., began taking 3X dil., 10 dr. every h. P.m., violent cough began and steadily increased (have always had a cough, but nothing » severe as this). 30th. — A.m., hard, dry, hacking cough, caused by tickling at about bifurcation of the trachea; cough causes feeling of soreness or rawness over whole of both lungs, especially lower lobe of' 1. and upper lobe of r. Cough not aggravated or relieved by anything. P.m., great dryness of mouth and throat, especially of lips, only temporarily relieved by water, although he was constantly thirsty for large quantities often repeated. May 1st, e., pupils widely dilated ; cough increasing all d. ; dryness in throat excessive, especially in back pjrt. 2nd. — Stopped taking drug until noon, and cough grew rapidly better all m., although soreness and rawness of chest remained on coughing ; voice began to be hoarse. I p.m., began taking drug agiin i pupils, which had become nearly normal, soon became dilated, »ijd marked dryness of mouth and throat returned, with addition of a feel* ing as if nose was stuffed up. 3rd. — Pulse 63, strong, full and regular ; pupils dilated ; feeling as if r. hand and fingers were going to slttjj.

|.th. — Soreness of r. knee below patella, as if strained or rheumatic ; lasted all d.

b. 6th. — Commenced last n. taking 5 dr. of ist cent, every h. ; nras obliged last e. to stop reading, as print was blurred and letters ran together ; this continues to-day ; was very restless last n., could not get to sleep for hours, had to get up for water every 5 m.; some agglutination of lids this m. ; pupils dilated ; pulse 62 and intermits about every 8 beats; face much congested ; [nlpebral orifices contracted, eyes feel hot and dnr, also face ; lids slightly œdematous ; slight frontal headache, especially over 1. eye ; tired, hot feeling of eyes, as if overworked. P.m., has been unable to concentrate his thoughts on any subject ; very absent-minded ; thoughts wander from one subject to another, but all thoughts are silly and nonsensical ; on attempting to walk he stumbled ; seemed to have lost control of his limbs ; a deadly "■ gone " feeling in stomach, as if at greater curvature, all afternoon, not relieved by eating or drinking ; during this time pulse feeble and somewhat intermittent i still has great difficulty in swallowing, especially in empty deglutition ; voice hoarse ; dilatation of pupils seems to grow less as paralysis of accommodation increases. £., pulse 68 ; have had a general weakness all afternoon ; noticed to-day some increase in the amount of urine passed ; loss of memory.

c. This d. eyes were examined with ophthalmoscope, and throat with laryngoscope. Eyes were found as with C. £. J., but affected in less degree. Following is report of examination of throat. Symptoms subjective. — Voice hoarse ; phonation difficult ; constant desire to clear throat, efforts to do so generally unsuccessful ; sensation of intense dryness, which is partially relieved by lemon juice. Symptoms objective. Inspection. — Pharynx excessively dry and hyperaemic; colour purple red ; capillaries very much engorged, presenting here and there varicosities j no secretion of any description visible ; in consequence of the unusual de|;ree of dryness, the follicles are very prominent, and the configuration of spinal column readily distinguishable. An almost perfect picture of the so-called " pharyngitis sicca." Laryngoscopic examination. — Epiglottis hyperaemic to an unusual degree, particularly in vicinity of glosso-epiglottidean folds. Membrane linine the entire laryngeal cavity intensely engorged, excessively dry, ana covered here and there with patches of mucus, viscid, semi-translucent, and closely adherent, presenting the appearance of a pseudo-membrane. The localities where the hypenemia was particularly great were along the course of the ary-epiglottidean folds j the memorane covering the cartilages of Wrisberg; the capitula Santorini, and the inter-arytenoideal commissure. In was in these last-mentioned localities that the largest proportion of the dry, translucent discharge was seen. Both vocal cords congested, and excessively so as they approached the posterior commissure. Particles of mucus adhered closely to their free borders, forming narrow bands that stretched from side to side when the cords were widely separated in deep inspiration. (A second examination was made, on the 14th, 4 h. after the first dose of £>. The same objective and subjective symptoms obtained as before, except that the condition of the secretion was reversed, the pharynx being covered with

the partially translucent, closely adherent mucus, yellowish white in character, in detached patches, instead of the larynx.)

4, 14th,—2.30 p.m., pulse 78, began taking’ dr. of 1st cent. every h. 4 pim., began to feel the old sick feeling at stomach ; general faintness or goneness all over, but especially in epigastric region, which increased steadily ; head feels light, as if intoxicated ; face feels warm, but is not much flushed; mouth and throat very dry ; saliva scanty and very viscid ; on walking, some giddiness, it seemed as if he could not control all parts of body at the same time; headache in forehead ; pulse 52, seemed to be full, occasionally would start up and beat at rate of Xo for afew beats. 5.30 p.m., tired aching in eye, asif it had been overworked; face flushed, 15th.—6.30a.m,, first dose since 5.30 last ©.5 pulse 64; slight dryness of mouth. 9, pupils begin to dilate; accommodation partially paralysed. 1, stupid feeling ; general weakness, as if he had no life in 6, accommodation paralysed 5 cannot see to read at any distance; can read with + 20 glass; pupils only slightly dilated ; dryness of mouth and throat less than last e., but enough to give much discomfort (‘* the amelioration seems to be caused by the action of lemon juice, of which I have partaken freely in the effort to relieve the dryness, and from this and the fact that other symptoms have been less, I should think that lemon juice acted as an antidote”) ; head feels light ; great difficulty in concentrating mind on anything for any length of time ; unsteady gait, occasionally a feeling as if he stepped on empty space, and would catch himself for fear of falling. 8, pulse 54, full, but occasionally intermits ; hoarseness, which has increased all d., so that now talking is difficult ; nose very dry and stopped up; slight burning in urethra during micturition. r6th.— 11 aim, old symptomsall remain,” Ringing in ears espectally comes on suddenly ; vertigo on rising up or walking; it seems as if legs were unable to bear up body ; staggering from one side to the other when walking, but can go straight by concentrating mind on the action and watching steps; great inclination to fall backward, more especially on going upstairs ; almost impossible to stand with eyes shut ; constantly swaying forward and backward, and was obliged to be held by another when eyes were closed, 3 p.m., symptoms same ; loss of memory ; mind running from one thing to another ; tried to connect different subjects of thought together and then forgot what he started with; thoughts very disconnected and nonsensical. 7, pupils somewhat dilated ; some photophobia all d.; now require + 18 to read; temp. 101° ; pulse 48, full and very intermittent—would sometimes stop long enough for 12 or 15 ordinary beats; gaping and sneezing all d. 9, at this time, being all alone, took temperature and found 110°; was so alarmed that he took coffee to antidote the drug; was very hot ; pulse 48, very intermittent, and he felt worse than at any time during proving. (1 do not feel sure that this temperature was accurate, as I had no one to verify it, and hardly like to rely on my own powers of observation at that time.”)

During. whole proving had general heat of the body, especially internal, “Accommodation was entirely paralysed before pupils were dilated to any extent, Lemon juice seemed to antidote—to retard

action ; was obliged to stop using it in order to get the full effects of the drug. {3id^

1. I injected into two men \ gr. and i gr. of the extract respectively. In both, pu{Hls became widely dilated and mouth dry. In the man who had the larger dose throat was so dry that he could hardly speak. The dryness lasted 5 h. Both became rather sleepy 15 m. after the injection, the drowsiness lasting about 2 h. The man with the larger dose complained of some general weakness, and both suffered from headache, lasting 3 h. After the larger dose pulse rose from 66 to 120 per m. (Ringer, Lancet^ 1878, 1, 304.)

2. I was led to test (with the assistance of Mr. W. H. Neale) the relative action of sulphate of atropia and sulphate of duboisin. We first administered by the mouth a dose of sulphate of duboisin, and carefully noted the s)'mptom8, and we then, on a subsequent day, gave a corresponding dose of sulphate of atropia. Duboisin, we find, produces identically the same symptoms as atropia, but is far more powerful.

a. After duboisin, the symptoms begin in about \ h., and reach their height in about 2 h. The earliest symptom is dryness of the mouth. After -j-|^ gr. there occurred great dryness of the mouth ; dilatation of the pupils ; much giddiness, almost preventing walking, and increased by exercise ; slight drowsiness and rambling ; great weakness, so that the limbs felt heavy and were raised obviously with considerable difficulty, with so much difficulty, indeed, that the patient

ia woman] could scarcely feed herself, and her grasp was very weak, t produced flushing of the face, and on one occasion patchy erythematous redness, the skin at these places being rather swollen and hard. The pulse became much fuller and rather slower. These symptoms lasted about 7 — 8 h. The same dose of sulphate of atropia only produced slight subjective dryness of the mouth.

b. After the administration of ^ gr. in two doses, with a h. interval, we observed the same symptoms for the most part. The man became very drowsy and delirious ; his delirium was of the busy kind, he incessantly tried to pick up imaginary things from the floor. He had also decided twitchings of his limbs, and his pulse rose from 84 to 120, and his respirations from 18 to 30 per minute. The symptoms left him in about 10 h. The -^ gr. of atropia, on a subsequent d., only caused subjective dryness of his mouth. (Isid, Pract., 1879.)

II. Poisonings. — I. Dec. 9th, 1884, ^ ^^^Y *t> 4^ took by mistake 3 gr. of the ix trit. of Martindale's duboisin at 10 p.m. I give her own account, in the words written by herself : " Almost directly I had taken the powder I felt very uncomfortable. There came a sense of oppression about the heart, and a longing to get rid of the medicine. This oppression steadily increased, with a feeling of great agony and fear of impending death. The legs began to feel very heavy, and I found I could only move them with considerable difficulty. Then the tongue appeared to swell. It became too large for my mouth, impeding speech to a marked extent. I now began to grow incoherent, and was quite unable to call things by their right name. The oppressive agony at my heart grew worse, my sight became confused and dim, and I

into 1 state of complete unconsciousness." Thbl Benrcen lO and ii a doctor was sent for, who adminti aaoog caSee ; dm caused Totniting, but did not restore consciou The L leg was powericss during the unconsciousness, and the ^■ke tipi, Tbe teeth were tightly clenched. The face was gested i ejt* ocnvomUj opened, but they were for the rnosH closed ; Ac coold be nxacd by a shout to temporary semi-conM acM. The respiratioo was puffy and noisy ; occasional drunken tEiiag. She constantly tried La rain to sit up, more rarely to ge «f boi^a soft of * busy delirium." She would occasionally plu At cbHv of her nightdress. After opening her eyes she would i her UK intently at the foot of the bed, where no one stood^g WH truk out towards an tmagiaary person or object. aH •anediiad the boweb did not act. Skin was bathed wi^^j npik dilnwd. To resume tbe patient's own narrative : ^* When UNUud caoacioauiess the next nu, I found that I had great diflS mtmm%m/9dfmhed. I could not stand because there seem< be BO power in my kins. There was a constant desire to pass i hoc gnat diSailty in doing so.* Severe pain in lower back, it bowili, and in the outer side of the r. leg. I could not distin otfecu i I saw faces repeated in all directions ; the countenan^ b]rstaoders appeared to hare deep cavities in their cheeks. The •eeaed to have g^cat boUows excavated in them. At first I I Jfcnliy in eapftwing myself properly. 1 could not give p IIM— in. to mj thooghts, for speech was embarrassed and di0 I wm again troabled with nausea, which presently passed into a Daring tbe next d. I had a recurrence of the distrt at my heart. There was a return, too, of the ago , and tbe sense of death being imminent." All d., in pabcat was sraTdr ill, and there was occasional muttering delfi The arms wctc frequently and tnvoluntanly jerked away froa sides, and the dois^ and lumbar muscles were thrown into vi rhythmic contractiaos. Sharp myalgic pains subsequently testifi the TigMT of these movements. (Communicated by Dr. Edm

t. A patient at the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infiro durii^ convalescence after Gracfe's operation for cataract, was proi with a small bottle of sulphate of D., gr. j to j|j, in place of sul| ofatropia, which earned considerable conjunctival inflammation. the ayth April, about 9 p.m., be took by mistake a " teaspoonfuli the solution. It cannot be determined whether the teaspoon was 4 loll. The patient at once informed other patients near him thj taken the wroi^ solution, but concluded to await the result \m I fvporting to tbe nurse. In about 10 m. there was dryness of the th ^and in I b. a peculiar sensation in the legs, then in the thighs, a and other parts of the body, as if they were asleep. At the end of or more tbe patient could scarcely talk or stand. Strange to say. till this time dMi it occur to the patient or those around him to call nurse. An active emetic was at once given, with the apparent o * Wlut paued was taaty ami high coloiirrd.

of entirely relieving the stomach of its contents. Without delirium the patient rapidly passed into a state of unconsciousness, and remained in this condition till about 5 a.m. He complained for 2d. of muscular wealcness in legs and arms, and especially noted a peculiar jerking action of the muscles of the arm in extending the hand to grasp a glass or other object. (Dr. Holmes saw the patient at midnight. He was lying quietly, breathing naturally, but in a stupor from which he could not be aroused. The face was not specially flushed, although the mouth and tongue were remarkably dry. The temperature, as determined by the thermometer, had been normal. The pulse varied from '08 to 112. Some time previous to this, before unconsciousness became quite complete, the patient made efforts to sit up in bed. The pulse always fell to 80 when the patient sat up, and increased on lying down. No other symptoms were noticed. An ounce of brandy was given through the n.) (E. L. Holmes, Chicago Med, Jaurn,, Nov., 1880.) X. On July 13th, at 11 a.m., H. J. H — , xt. 75, consulted Mr, * • rridgin Teale with reference to his eyes, H. J. H — is suffering ^01 slow-forming senile cataract, and on several occasions atropine *** been used for purposes of examination. On this occasion, how- *»", two discs, each containing ^^ of a grain of sulphate of duboisin, '"were placed in the eyes. Very shortly afterwards patient complained . slight giddiness, became very fidgety, and was advised to remain ''^^'ng. In about 20 m., the pupils being fairly but not fully dilated, ^ necessary examination took place, H. J. H — standing during the P''Ocecding. A few m. later he experienced a decided feeling of '^5^ncss and loss of control over the legs, great dryness of mouth, 'l'th exceedingly bitter taste. Fancying, however, the fresh air would ^ ^lim good, he refused to remain, and elected to walk home. He had , P gone far before it was evident that persons in the street regarded , '^ as decidedly " under the influence of liquor ;" his speech became - **slcy and indistinct; he walked, talked, and behaved like one slightly J ^^^Jcicated. Later, when at home, the symptoms progressed ; com- "^^^ inability to stand without assistance, or to recognise the position I ^^bjects, partly due, no doubt, to paralysis of accommodation, but . ^^ cue to visual hallucination. For example, the patient would sudj ■'^Ijr sit on the ground, imagining a chair was ready to receive him j

■h^P".

^^ *^h difficulty he was got to bed, constant attendance being necessary

*C€ep him quiet ; there was incessant movement, with carphology, a

I ^t^icious way of glancing beneath the bed-clothes and behind the

^^k. A few moments, when left to himself, sufficed for the whole

^^Hi to be upset ; towels, brushes, and shoes were placed in the bed,

^*vd boots on the dressing-table } this entertainment ended by a somc-

^Hat severe fall on the floor, whence he was unable to raise himself

^Uhout assistance. This incessant activity was accompanied by a flow

^f words, sentences strung together without any apparent connection,

3 return of memory to things which happened years ago ; throughout,

»n air of fun and humour, the symptoms those of childishness rather

than any attempt at violence. The pulse was slow j the patient,

^~^I^ a glass in mid-air instead of placing it on the table ; and grasp in ^ air above his head for his watch, which had been taken from him.

entirely ignorant of what was the matter with him, imagined it wu quite dark, whereas it was a bright summer afternoon. Four h. after the commencement, a small injection of morphine was given, and i!>e patient became quieter, dozing apparently for a few seconds at a rin»t Three h, later he obtained an h.'s quiet sleep, and, after some liglu nourishment, 3 h.'s sleep, after which his mind appeared quite clear again. He was entirely unconscious of all that had passed; a feci i:^ of weight in the head and general upset lasted for several d. The urine, before and after, was normal. (Chadwick, Brit. AliJ. Jeur*^ 1887, i, 327.)

y.

1. J. J. McD — , aet. 49, with a rheumatic history, has jiat recovered from an attack of iritis plastica, which left extensive pasterior synechia in the right eye. In order to break them up I instilled (April 6th) two dr. of a I per cent, solution of duboisin sulphate. Twenty m. later his mouth and throat felt dry, as though he would be thirsty. 8th, 2.23 p.m. — Instilled two dr. eserin, i per cent, solution, and i» much more 9 m. later. In about 15 m. a sensation of squeezing together in the ball, and a feeling as though the lids were drawn, ia about 15 m. from the first instillation, the pupil, from being irregulir in shape, averaging about 35 mm. in diameter, had contracted to a circle 2 mm, across. At 3,07 p.m. and at 3.53, two dr. of dubois. were instilled. About 10 or 15 m. later he was going home from the dispensary, and upon turning to the r. suddenly fell to the I., overcome by intense confusion, vertigo and weakness. On proceeding he found that he staggered as if drunk, and had to concentrate his energy and look directly ahead, for upon looking to one side there was a dispositioo to fall towards the opposite side. Going down stairs or kerbstones wa* difficult ; every step jolting his back as if he had (to use his owo expression) " stepped down from the top of a house." He was deathly pale ; felt exhausted, as from want of sleep -, and experienced great confusion, with a sense of lightness throughout the body and held. The tongue felt " flat," and he could not articulate distinctly (]«»• lysis ?). The next d. he awoke with a very severe pressive pain in the lumbar region on each side, which gradually disappeared as he moved about. loth. — He felt cold and chilly ; wanted to wear extra clothing, which made him feel comfortable. In the afternoon Dr. Searic instilled more dubois., and a few moments later he felt very drowsy} the symptoms of confusion, lightness, drowsiness, thirst, and weakness weft again experienced, but relieved by a cup of strong coffee, nth.— Tension slightly less than before ; still not minus. 2.30 p.m., instilled one dr. of eserin. In 5 m. mouth dry, slight vertigo. Six m. later a drawing, fluttering sensation in the ball, and spasmodic twitching of the m. orbicularis palp.

I should add that the dubois. also caused a soreness in the right stde of the nose ; as if the drug irritated the mucous membrane as the tean escaped through the lachrymal duct. (J. L. Moffat, M T. Mid, Timesy 1885.)

1. A healthy girl of 18 had an exceedingly minute piece of tbe sulphate held a few moments in fold of lower lid till melted. A few m. after I called her to examine state of pupils, and she complained of

ling dizzy. Soon after my attention was arrested by the dark flush

on her face. She was then lying on a sofa, and was mildly delirious,

ptilse 132. She had tendency to pick at surrounding objects, had one

w two slight drawings up of arms, and was very restless. Temp.

*»nder tongue was I00'2°. No treatment was instituted, and in 1^ h.

Pulse had fallen to 100. She now became again more excitable, and

tried to get up off sofa : on being told to keep quiet she would at once

^— lie down, but in a few m. more would try again to rise and move ofF.

f Gr. J of morphia was now given subcutaneously, and in about 20 m.

J^c went gently to sleep, An h. later she was roused, and could walk

"P to her ward with little assistance. She there again fell asleep, and

• ' 'ft \ h. subsequently awoke rational. The nurse reported, how-

'"-■'■. that once or twice during n. she got out of bed, but lay down

"*irrediately on being admonished by her. Next d. she had entirely

recovered. (W. F. Norris, Amer. Journ. of Mtd, Sci.,iSjC), i, 447.)

(>. Of a 4 gr. to oz. sol. 3 — 4 dr. were instilled into 1, eye of a lady

P**^'«nt. In 4 m. near vision was growing poor, and in 5 m. patient

forripi^iijjgd of intense fainting feeling and slight nausea. Faintness,

*[^^ " strange " feeling in head, continued very marked for 15 — 20 m.,

'*'"Cn faintness lessened, but strange feeling remained, and drowsiness

"»€ on. In 30 — 45 m. there was dryness of mouth and throat, though

^^ very marked j and chilliness was complained of. During next d,

Were was marked faucial and oral dryness, some of the strange feeling

.^^'ead, and flushing of face. On 2nd d. after she was nearly well.

*^^- W. Seely, Cincln, Lancet and Obs.^ 1879, p. 125.)

1. M. GuBLER injected 1 milligr. into a young man labouring under I* "^rculosis. In a few m. there was vertigo, then dryness of throat, ^1 slowing of pulse. After this patient fell into a sort of stupor, ^'^^logous to that caused by stramonium. This lasted many h. It ..*? not sleep, for if patient was questioned, he replied, though with I *^Culty. He remained seated on his chair, and appeared indifferent « "^^'hat was going on about him, and without energy to move. {Bull. '^'». de Ther., xciv, 426.) ig _ 111. Exptrimtnts on animals. — i. I injected hypodermically gr. ^ of L FHate under the skin of a frog weighing 21 grm. In 25 m. frog was J '^CJe weak ; this weakness progressed, but was always far from com- ,L ^^^» an<J disappeared entirely in 5 h. Throughout the experiment j^^ tleart beat well at 48. The same dose of sulphate of atropia given ,• ^ frog weighing 19 grm. caused complete paralysis in 25 m., persist- ^^ ^ »Tiore than 8 h. The heart fell to 24 per m., and became very „i,__^l<, and breathing was arrested. In another frog, weighing 22 grm., ^ave ^ gr. of sulphate of duboisia. In an h. the frog was so weak

t^^^^^uld only just crawl. It recovered completely in 3 h. The heart

E^ ^^ strongly throughout the experimental 36 per m., and the breath- ^ ^ never ceased

We gave the same dose of sulphate of atropia to a [^^^ of the same weight. In an h. the frog was completely paralysed, J. ** 9 h. afterwards the animal could not crawl. In 24 h. it had rey^^^red, but was slightly tetanic. The heart fell to 20 and became ^*k, and the breathing ceased.

Atropine, therefore, paralyses far more powerfully the motor nervous "^t>t. IV. 37

system, the heart and respiration, in frogs than duboisine. (RisCEi, tract., Oct., 1879.)