Sulfonal
By John Henry Clarke тАФ A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica
Diethylsulphone-dimethyl-methane. (CH 3 ) 2 C(C 2 H 5 S) 2 . Trituration.
Clinical
Albuminuria / Cramps / Cyanosis / Ears, noises in / Epilepsy / Headache, with tinnitus / H├жmatoporphyrinuria / Locomotor ataxy / Paralysis, ascending / Reflexes abolished
Characteristics
Sulfonal was at first regarded as one of the safest of hypnotics, but many cases of poisoning by medicinal doses have occurred, and my Schema is made up of reported effects produced on patients. The accounts will be found in recent numbers of H. W. Prominent symptoms were: Stupor. Headache, with noises in ears. Vomiting and diarrh┼Уa. Urine retained, or secretion arrested; claret-coloured; containing albumen; porphyrin. Ataxic gait and diminished or abolished reflexes point to locomotor ataxy. Ascending paralysis has been observed. The heart is weak; fainting occurs; and death takes place by heart failure. Rashes have been noticed on the skin, purpuric, erythematous, &c. One man (H. W., xxxii. 174) observed uniform skin effects every time he took Sfo., more intense the larger the dose. This occurred from gr. v.: Patches of erythema appeared (1) first on inner side of first phalanx of right little finger; (2) next over proximal ends of metacarpal bones of left thumb and index; (3) on posterior surface of left forearm a little below elbow; (4) fourth on prepuce. The symptoms were > by cold douches.
1. Mind
Stupidity. Unconscious, with dilated and fixed pupils and profuse sweat.
2. Head
Headache and tinnitus aurium.
3. Eyes
Pupils dilated and fixed.
4. Ears
Tinnitus.
8. Mouth
Breath smells of onions.
6. Face
Face livid.
11. Stomach
Vomiting, diarrh┼Уa, and violent chills. Constant retching, vomiting, and soreness over epigastrium. Great disturbance of digestion with scanty urine.
12. Abdomen
Spleen enlarged; hyper├жmic.
13. Stool and Anus
Diarrh┼Уa and vomiting. Great constipation.
14. Urinary Organs
Dark brown urine. Urine very scanty; albuminous; almost solid when cooled. H├жmatoporphyrinuria and death; urine oscillated between deep claret and light claret colour. Retention of urine; had to be drawn off; dark-coloured. Urine cherry-colour, later like dark port wine.
15. Male Sexual Organs
Erythema on prepuce.
18. Chest
┼Тdema of lungs. Signs of broncho-pneumonia.
19. Heart
Death from heart failure and ┼Уdema of lungs. Heart's action feeble, occasionally intermittent.
20. Back
Chronic leptomeningitis, circumscribed softening of dorsal portion of cord, with hypostatic pneumonia of r. lung, and cyanosis of liver and kidneys (post mortem of poisoning cases).
23. Lower Limbs
Gait ataxic; reeled about. Plantar reflex deficient. Paralysis of lower limbs. (Cramps of legs and single muscles.)
24. Generalities
The symptoms disappear slowly. Paralysis of body. > By cold water; cold douches. Great prostration. Progressive paralysis affecting legs first then arms. Paralysis sometimes progressive sometimes with hyper├жsthesia and abnormal sensation. Twitching of muscles, esp. of face and flexors: < by voluntary movement, but always present in sleep. Reflexes abolished. (Epilepsy, inveterate cases with over-excitability of the cortical substance.). Fainted and vomited. Livid, esp. face. Cyanosis. Death by respiratory failure preceded by unconsciousness.
25. Skin
Discoloured patches like purpura on skin. Patches of erythema, of intensity proportionate to dose: . (1) On inner side of first phalanx of r. little finger; (2) over proximal ends of metacarpal bones of l. thumb and index; (3) on posterior surface of l. forearm, a little below elbow; (4) on prepuce. Erythematous measles-like eruption.
26. Sleep
Stupor. Heaviness and drowsiness. Sleepiness and weariness with unsteady gait.
27. Fever
Violent chills.