UPAS.

Strychnos tieuté.

Natural order , Apocynaceæ.

Common name , Ipo of Borneo (not of Massachar, which is Upas antiar). ["Upas antiar" is Antiaris toxicaria, of Java, a tree concerning which the most wonderful stories have been told. The accounts of Fœrsch, translated from the Dutch and published in the London Magazine, 1784, have been freely copied, but are utterly untrue. An arrow poison of Java, the "Siren-boom," is prepared from the bark of this tree, which is very poisonous; we have, however, no reliable accounts of its actions on men.]

Authorities.

1 , Dr. Pitet, Journ. de la Soc. Gall., 1st ser., vol. iv, p. 65, took drop doses in water, beginning with 15th dil., left off (fifteenth day), began taking 3d and 2d dils. (twenty-fourth day), 1st dil. (twenty-sixth day), drank in twenty or thirty swallows half a liter of water, to which had been added 5 drops diluted tincture (twenty-eighth day), mixed 10 drops tincture with same quantity of water (twenty-ninth day), 20 drops tincture in same quantity of water and in portions at half-hour intervals (thirtieth day), handled the Upas tieuté in preparing 30th dil. and some symptoms reappeared (fifty-eighth day); 2 , same, Mad. M. Th. P., æt. twenty years, took 15th dil.; 2 a , same, took 1st dil.; 2 b , same, took 20 drops tincture in half a liter of water; 3 , Dr. Mannkopff, Wien Med. Woch., 1862 (A. H. Z. M. B.), a man took 3 grains; 4 , Morris Wiener, M.D., from MS., took 2 drops 3x in a teaspoonful of water (first day), 3 drops 6x in water at 7 A.M. (third day); 5 , same, took 1 drop 3x in water at 6 A.M. (first day), 20 globules moistened with 3x (third and fifth days), 40 pellets (sixth day), 6 drops 12x in morning and at 11 P.M. (seventh day); 6 , same, took 1 drop 3x at 10 P.M. (first day), 5 drops (second day).

MIND

• Very lively mood, 3.
• Depressed spirits; aversion to speaking (seventh day), 5.
• Great moral sensibility (fourteenth day), 1.
• Melancholic; has to force the tears back; cold towards his friends, repelling every one (sixth day), 5.
• Morose (second day), 6.
• Morose and irritable (first day), 5.
• Morose without cause; easily exasperated; likes to quarrel (third day), 5.
• Morose and does not want to speak (fifth day), 5.
• Cross, irritable, after going to bed (second night), 4. [10.]
• Irritability, sensitiveness (thirty-second day), 1.
• Irritability, irascibility (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Thinking is laborious and difficult; transient cloudiness of the mind (thirtieth day), 1.
• Extreme difficulty in fixing the attention (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• Sensible weakening of the memory several days past (fortieth day), 1.
• Very marked diminution in readiness of thought; inability to concentrate the attention, to express himself, to apply technical expressions, to recollect; irritability; very marked diminution of muscular strength; these symptoms continue, becoming more and more marked for several days (forty-first day), 1.

HEAD

• Vertigo.
• Head muddled (as if proving Cocculus), (sixth day), 5.
• Vertigo, as if falling; this lasts only a few seconds, and terminates with a pressing headache in the forehead (third day), 5.
• General Head.
• Dull pains in the brain (forty-third day), 1.
• Headache all over the head after going to bed (second night), 4. [20.]
• Pressive heaviness throughout the head; great tendency to feel cold (thirty-sixth day), 1.
• Some twitchings in the brain and the orbits (thirty-second day), 1.
• Severe pulsating pain all over the head, on waking in the morning, disappearing in the open air (third day), 5.
• Forehead.
• Slight frontal headache, 3.
• Pain in the forehead (after second dose, seventh day), 5.
• Constant dull tearing pains in the forepart of the brain, on the right side (in the afternoon), worse when walking (afternoon and all the evening), (twentieth day), 1.
• From time to time, during the day, dull and prolonged shootings in the right anterior lobe of the brain (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Dull pain or shootings, sometimes dull, sometimes sharp, in the anterior portion of the brain, chiefly on the right side, etc., ut supra (thirtieth day), 1.
• Dull deepseated pains in the base of the right frontal lobe, above the orbit (thirty-fourth day), 1.
• Sharp contusive pains in a line with the left frontal eminence, aggravated by movement, walking, and especially by going upstairs, to such a degree that it seems as if the brain were rudely shaken, from morning to midday (forty-first day); on the following day these symptoms diminish, 1. [30.]
• Boring shootings, very sharp and deepseated, in the left side of the forehead, near the temporal fossa (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• Boring pain, which is felt simultaneously in the frontal eminence and in the occipital protuberance of the left side (twenty-sixth day), 1.
• Frequent dull shootings in the frontal lobe on the right side (twenty-eighth day), 1.
• Some dull twitchings in the anterior left side of the brain, above the orbit (eighth day), .

EYE

• Eyes sunken, with bluish rings around them (seventh day), 5.
• Dull pains in the right eye, in the evening, for several hours in succession (twenty-fifth day), 1.
• Painful pressure and sensation as of a foreign body in the left eye, when opening and shutting it, 2.
• In the morning, when waking, sensation of pressure and of dryness in the eyes, preventing the lids from opening, as if there was sand in them (symptom previously experienced after a dose of this medicine), (fourth day), 1.
• When opening the eyes, sharp and burning pain, like that caused by the presence of a foreign body (fifth and sixth days), 1.
• Sharp pain, composed of burning, together with a feeling as if from a foreign body, especially in the left eye, and chiefly when opening and shutting the lids (fifth and sixth days), 1.
• The eyes are weak, as after sexual excesses (twenty-fifth day), 1. [60.]
• Every morning weakness of the eyes, with lachrymation, the lids being so heavy that they close involuntarily, as if from irresistible drowsiness, 2a ; (twenty-eighth day), 1.
• Same symptoms of the eyes as on the preceding days; they are very weak; the outer canthus of the left eye is the seat of very acute itching (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Every morning weak eyes; itching smarting in the canthi, feeling as of a foreign body, etc. (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• The condition of the eyes is aggravated; in the morning they are weak and close involuntarily; constant feeling as of a foreign body under the lids; on the inner surface of the right lower lid, near the margin, a small white miliary pustule, hard, and surrounded with a violet circle; redness of the palpebral conjunctiva; itching smarting in the outer canthi; all day, sensation as if there were sand in the eyes (thirty-sixth day), 1.
• The symptoms of the eyes continue, accompanied with heaviness of the head, heat in the head and in the eyelids, which are red and congested; I inhaled a dilution of

Bryonia , and the symptoms of blepharo-conjunctivitis were sensibly alleviated at the approach of evening (thirty-eighth day), 1.

• The sensation of sand in the eyes returns, accompanied with itching and congestion of the lids, and smarting itching and ulcerated feeling in the outer canthi (forty-third day), 1.
• All the symptoms of the eyes instantly reappeared; sensation of distress, of pressure, as from and the lids: vivid redness of the conjunctiva, the margin, and the angles of the lids, etc., all day long, and especially in the morning (fifty-eighth day), 1.
• Orbit.
• Dull pain in the left orbit when opening or shutting the eyes (fifth and sixth days), 1.
• Dull pain in the floor of the right orbit, in the morning (fourteenth day), 1.
• Dull pain above the nasal bone, at the internal portion of the orbit, sometimes on the right side, sometimes on the left (forty-fifth day), 1. [70.]
• In the morning, dull and prolonged shooting in the outer angle of the orbit, even into the nasal bone, on the right side (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Dull shootings in the right orbit and in the frontal lobe of the same side (thirty-eighth day), 1.
• Frequent dull shootings in the right orbit, sometimes on the left side (in the evening), as on the preceding days (fortieth day), 1.
• Shootings in the left orbit, 2b.
• Violent lancinations in the anterior and internal portion of the orbit, in the morning, sometimes before getting up (forty-third day), 1.
• Violent lancinations in the right orbit before getting up (forty-third day), 1.
• Prolonged and violent lancinations under the orbit, on the right side (forty-fifth day), 1.
• In the morning, before getting up, severe dull lancinations in the internal portion of the right orbit, on the bone at the root of the nose (forty-fifth to fiftieth day), 1.
• Lids.
• Flow of blood from the eyelids (twenty-seventh day), 1.
• Same condition of the eyes; the small pustule on the right lower lid increases in size, becomes hard, and resembles a cyst (thirty-seventh day), 2b. [80.]
• Stye on the left upper eyelid; itching of the outer canthus, with ulcerated feeling (as on the preceding days), (thirty-first day), 1.
• Redness and heat in the eyelids, chiefly in the left (fifth and sixth days), .

EAR

• At intervals, dull tearings in the inmost part of the cartilage of the concha of the left ear (thirty-sixth day), 1.
• Twitchings in the cartilages of the left ear, near the orifice of the external meatus (fortieth day), 1.
• Boring sensation in the right external auditory passage, often repeated (a symptom frequently felt during the proving), (fiftieth day), 1.
• Burning on right outer ear (second day), 6.
• Both ears stopped, without affecting the hearing (third day), 5.

NOSE

• Violent sneezings and coryza, 2. [100.]
• Coryza (third day), 5.
• Violent fluent coryza towards and during the evening, until falling asleep (second day); a fluent coryza in the forepart of the day lasted longer than a fortnight, 6.
• First, the right nostril, and shortly after, the left stopped up; this changes every few minutes and prevents sleep, in the evening after going to bed (second day), 5.
• Left nostril stopped up and discharging greenish mucus (as in Pulsatilla), (fifth day), 5.
• Smell as if smelling manure (fifth day), 5.

FACE

• Yellow complexion (seventh day), 5.

MOUTH

• Tongue coated white (seventh day), 5.
• Tongue coated white; this coating so thick that it can be scraped off (first day), 6.
• After swallowing the medicine, dryness of tongue and throat (first day), 5.
• Burning on the tongue (immediately), 6. [110.]
• Unable to open his mouth to speak (after one hour), 1.
• Blisters on the inner side of under lip, towards the left (fifth day), 5.
• Slight burning in the buccal cavity (first day), 4.
• Frequent itching of the palate (twenty-eighth day), 1.
• Much saliva, which tastes sour (seventh day), 5.
• Sour taste (immediately after second dose, seventh day), 5.
• Bitter taste on the root of the tongue (seventh day), 5.
• Taste like old coryza (third day), 5.

THROAT

• (A habitual hawking of grayish mucus, in the morning, which lasted since more than a year, did not appear this morning (sixth day), and not afterwards), 5.
• Pains and acidity in the left side of the throat when swallowing (thirty-sixth day), 1. [120.]
• The sensation of acidity in the throat extends to the left ear, and the pulse is more frequent than usual (thirty-sixth day), 1.
• Scraping in the throat causing cough, which produces a sore pain in the thorax, in the morning; at 9 P.M. every symptom of a severe inflammation of the throat appears; burning and soreness in the throat, cough, with severe burning pain, as if the throat would burst, with difficult expectoration of bronchial mucus (second day); every symptom aggravated (third day), 4.
• Pain, as from a splinter, in the left side of the throat, making deglutition painful, as if the food were prevented from passing into the stomach by a foreign body lodged in the œsophagus; the swallowing of fluids becomes difficult; pressing the left side of the throat causes a feeling of suffocation (third day), 5.
• While writing, a sensation as if the right tonsil were swollen, which is not the case, and severe palpitation (seventh day), 5.
• The symptoms of the throat are equally persistent (thirty-seventh day), 2b.

STOMACH

• No appetite (second day), 4 ; (sixth day), 5.
• Total loss of appetite; aversion to all food, especially meat and eggs, the mere thought of which produces nausea (seventh day), 5.
• Aversion to meat; hunger, but no desire for food after swallowing the first morsel (second day), 6.
• Urgent thirst, bitter, risings, and after a meal, risings tasting of the ingesta, all day, 2.
• Violent eructations of wind (after half an hour), 3. [130.]
• Qualmishness, and a feeling as if going to faint (third day), 5.
• A peculiar sensation of heaviness in the stomach, 3.
• In the morning, while hiccoughing, pinching in a line with the lumbar vertebræ (twentieth day), 1.

ABDOMEN

• Pressing pain in the region of the liver (first day), 6.
• Pressing pain in the liver (seventh day), 5.
• Outward pressure in the left hypochondrium (seventh day), 5.
• Stitches in the region of the liver and right kidney, in the evening (second day), 4.
• Shortly after rising, on going outdoors, ulcerative pain in the left side of the umbilicus (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Much flatulency, wind pressing against both hypochondria, and in breaking, giving no relief; flatus odorless (third day), 4.
• Rumbling in the bowels (seventh day), 5. [140.]
• Smart pinching in the left side of the abdomen, a little below the line of the umbilicus (after repeated doses), (ninth day), 1.
• Sharp pains in the left iliac fossa, aggravated by drawing breath, and by touch, 2.

RECTUM AND ANUS

• Sharp colic in the rectum, relieved by emission of fetid flatus; shortly afterward, a soft stool, preceded by renewed colic (forty-third day), 1.
• Lancinations or slow pinchings, which appear to affect the cellular tissue exterior to the rectum on the right side, for several days in succession (forty-third day), 1.

STOOL

• During several days, two soft diarrhœic stools every day, and on the third day, great prostration (after several doses), 2.
• Two soft stools every day, 2.
• Soft stools the first days (tenth day), 1.
• Soft stool preceded and accompanied by colic (thirty-first day), 1.
• Mushy stool (second day), 6.
• Stool mushy and easy (third day), 4. [150.]
• An hour after the accustomed stool, a smaller one, mushy, reddish, terminating in a discharge of brownish jellied mucus (third day), 5.
• Stool constipated, after much pressing, and insufficient; the same brownish, jellylike mucus after stool (fifth day), 5.
• Stool like yesterday, but a sensation as if a severe diarrhœa would set in (sixth day), 5.
• Feeling as of approaching diarrhœa; stool mushy, with much flatulency (seventh day), 5.

URINARY ORGANS

• Pain in the region of the right kidney during the night (fifty-eighth day), 1.
• For two nights in succession, dull pains in the renal region of the right side (as after sexual excesses), (thirty-ninth day), 1.
• Stitches in the region of the right kidney (second day), 4.
• Frequent urging to urinate, with burning in the urethra, at 8 A.M. (second day), 4.
• Urine scanty, evacuated with great effort, bright red, 3.
• Urine dark, like brandy (second day), 4.

SEXUAL ORGANS. [160.]

• Erections and diminished venereal desires (fifth and sixth days), 1.
• After going to bed, violent erections (second night), 4.
• Since this proving commenced, less desire for an embrace; great and permanent depression of the virile functions (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Depression of the virile functions; no desire for an embrace, and awkwardness in the act, continuing from the date when I previously recorded these functional disturbances; on one occasion an embrace was accompanied with a general feeling of painful and enervating uneasiness, and was followed by great depression for several minutes (fortieth day), 1.

RESPIRATORY ORGANS

• Feeling of roughness in the air-passages (second day), 4.
• Hoarseness, voice deeper than usual, in the morning; later in the day not able to utter a word, like aphonia (third day), 4.
• Dry cough, increasing during the day, caused by a feeling of soreness in the larynx and trachea, with expectoration of colorless mucus; cough aggravated towards evening (first day), 4.
• Quickened respiration, in the morning, 2b.
• Inability to breathe deeply, caused by a feeling of having an iron hoop around the waist (seventh day), 5.

CHEST

• Feeling of tightness in the chest (second day), 6. [170.]
• Pinching-drawing pains all around the base of the chest, 2b ; (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• Lancinating pain, like knife-thrusts through the right lung towards the liver, stopping the breathing (third day), 4.
• Several sharp lancinations, like needle-thrusts across the chest, below the left nipple, in a line with the sixth rib (forty-fifth to fiftieth day), 1.
• Transient sharp pinchings under the anterior margin of the right false ribs (forty-fourth day), 1.
• Cutting and oft-repeated pinchings in the middle of the right side of the chest (forty-fifth day), 1.
• From time to time, similar, but less intense shootings on the left side (twenty-fourth day), 1.
• Short and smart pinching in the left side of the chest, on the outside of the great pectoral muscle (tenth day), 1.
• Stitches through the right lung, in the evening (second day), 4.

HEART AND PULSE

• After going to bed, severe palpitation and pulsation all over from the vertex, where it appears as a pulsating headache, down to the tips of the fingers (first night), 4.
• While writing, severe palpitation, and a sensation as if the right tonsil were swollen, which is not the case (seventh day), 5. [180.]
• Frequent pulse, in the morning, 2b.
• In the evening, pulse 65 ( normally , three or four hours after the evening meal, my pulse varies between 50 and 55, and rarely goes up to 60), (twenty-eighth day), 1.
• Pulse weak, small, and slow, 65 (normal in my case 75), (seventh day), 6.

NECK AND BACK

• Painful stiffness of the posterior muscles of the neck, in the morning, 2.
• Pain in the whole length of the superior fasciculi of the right trapezius muscle during their contraction, morning and night (third day), 1.
• Pains in the posterior part of the neck, 2b.
• Burning on right side of nape of neck (second day), 6.
• Feeling of stretching along the spine (after half an hour), 3.
• Pressure and feeling as if beaten in the spinal column, most severe in the region opposite the stomach (first day), 5.

EXTREMITIES

• Hangnails, which become inflamed, with pain as if ulcerated; itching and redness of the roots of the nails (seventh day), 5. [190.]
• Great lassitude of upper and lower extremities; weakness aggravated towards evening (first day), 4.
• Numbness of the hands and feet (after twelve hours), 3.
• Often, and for a long time, pains in the joints or the bodies of the metacarpus or phalanges of the left hand; sometimes, also violent pinchings in the plantar surface of the left foot (forty-fourth day), 1.
• Pains in the joints of the fingers and toes (twenty-ninth day), 1.

SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES

• Pinching pains along the track of the nerves of the left arm (forty-first day), 1.
• Drawings in the right wrist-joint (thirty-sixth day), 1.
• Dull pains in the right first metacarpal bone (forty-fifth day), 1.
• Drawing pains in the second joint of the right ring finger (twenty-fifth day), 1.
• Pretty frequent painful drawings in the joints of the left middle and ring fingers (fortieth day), 1.
• Sharp, deepseated, lancinating pains in the palmar surface of the left middle finger (thirty-ninth day), 1.

INFERIOR EXTREMITIES. [200.]

• Pinching in the posterior portion of the left thigh, even to the popliteal space along the track of the sciatic nerve (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Pain in the knee-joint (behind and above the patella) on the right side, aggravated by extension and pressure, for two days and two nights (seventh day), 1.
• Dull pains, sometimes in one knee, sometimes in the other (twenty-fifth day), 1.
• For many days frequent dull pains behind the knee-pan, sometimes to the right, sometimes to the left (forty-fifth day), 1.
• Intermitting dull pains in the anterior part of the right tibia (during several days), 1.
• Long and sharp needle-thrusts in the anterior middle portion of the right leg (tenth day), 1.
• Frequent lancinations in the left calf, 2b.
• Pain in the left calf, 2.
• Drawing pains in front of the right ankle-joint (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• Repeatedly, while stooping, and consequently when bending the lower limbs, sudden cutting pain in the tendo Achillis of the left side (twenty-eighth day), 1. [210.]
• Lancinations in the left os calcis, in the morning (forty-fifth to fiftieth day), 1.
• Violent and dull lancinations in the left os calcis (forty-fifth to fiftieth day), 1.
• Frequent lancinations in the left heel (fifty-third day), 1.
• Dull pains in the heels, chiefly in the left heel, 2a ; (twenty-sixth day), 1.
• Sharp pains in the right great toe-joint (fortieth day), 1.

GENERALITIES

• Clonic spasms of the muscles of the nape of the neck or extremities, which were at one time extended, at another flexed; these paroxysms were repeated spontaneously or by the slightest irritation, and without pain; between the paroxysms the muscles were completely relaxed, 3.
• Sudden jerking of the whole body, followed by violent stretching of the extensors, with drawing backward of the head (after one hour), 3.
• Great weakness and exhaustion after a paroxysm, 3.
• Weakness, as if going to swoon (first day), 5.
• Great muscular weakness (third day), 5. [220.]
• Very tired on waking (third day), 5.
• Weakness, as if not able to walk (third day), 5.
• Great prostration (sixth day), 5.
• General uneasiness, in the morning, 2b.
• General uneasiness, in the afternoon; general prostration and very marked diminution of muscular strength (fiftieth day), 1.
• General uneasiness; increased sensitiveness to cold; pulse accelerated; pale face (fifth and sixth days), 1.
• Amelioration of all the symptoms, in the evening after dinner (fifth and sixth days), 1.
• Dull nephritic pains at night, and especially in the morning (as after sexual excess); they cease soon after rising (twenty-fifth day), 1.
• Great aggravation, in the afternoon and evening (second day), 4.

SKIN

• Herpetic eruption on the upper lip on the left side (fifth and sixth days), 1. [230.]
• For two days past, eruption of conical red pustules, sore to touch, under the lower lip, near the left commissure (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• At the inner border of the left wrist-joint intense and obstinate itching, without eruption, which is felt at intervals for nearly a quarter of an hour each time, and is a little relieved by pressure, during three days (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Itching of the pubes, almost constant, during several successive days (thirty-fifth day), 1.

SLEEP

• Almost irresistible drowsiness, in the morning (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• Difficulty of falling asleep (sixth night), 5.
• Cannot fall asleep before 2 A.M. (seventh night), 5.
• Frequent waking at night, caused by great dryness of the throat (first night), 4.
• For several days past very restless sleep (twenty-ninth day), 1.
• Night restless, unrefreshing sleep (fifty-eighth day), 1.
• This night, towards morning, I dreamed of feeling an intolerable itching in the eyelids, especially in the left lower eyelid, near its outer canthus, and that the latter was lined with hardened puriform mucus, which I tried to take off (twenty-ninth day), 1. [240.]
• Dream of a coronation (sixth night), 5.

FEVER

• Feels chilly very easily; passing shiverings, 2b ; (thirty-fifth day), 1.
• Shivering; burning in palms of hands after dark (seventh day), 5.
• Shivering along the spine and both arms (first day), 6.
• Flashes of heat and of redness in the face and hands, in the evening, after a meal (twenty-seventh day), 1.
• Flushes of heat and redness of the face and head, in the evening after a meal, with drowsiness (thirty-fourth day), 1.
• Heat of the head with red face, 2b.
• Heat of the head with red face; at the same time the sensation of dust in the eyes is felt in the highest degree; the redness of the palpebral conjunctiva is intense, and accompanied with sharp burning, chiefly after the evening meal (thirty-sixth day), 1.
• The left half of the face is red and hot, and the right side pale and cold, 2b.
• Nightsweat (first night), 4.

CONDITIONS

• Aggravation.
• ( Morning ), Weakness of eyes.
• ( Afternoon and evening ), The symptoms.
• ( Motion ), Pain in frontal eminences.
• ( Walking ), Tearing pain in brain; pain in frontal eminences.