Eucalyptus globulus

Volume I — Special Symptomatology

(Fever Tree — Australian Gum Tree.)

The Eucalyptus globulus belongs to the natural order of Myrtaceae, the same as the Clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus), the Cajeput (Melaleuca, minor), and the Pimento (Eugenia pimento).

There are over a hundred species in this genus, of which this is one of the noblest.

It often grows to a size simply gigantic, sometimes being two hundred feet high and fifteen feet in diameter. The wood is very dense and hard.

The leaves are green, growing on a short stem, are quite thick and leathery, with a well marked nervule through the centre, shaped like a spear, and curved something like a scythe-blade.

They grow in two distinct forms from opposite sides of the stem or branch, and consequently two leaves cannot be superimposed, unless taken from the same side of the stalk.

It is a native of the Australian and Tasmanian forests, but is quite easily acclimated in nearly all parts of the temperate zone. There seems to be a remarkable freedom from malarious diseases in any localities where these trees are grown. I would suggest that their cultivation on some of the malarious districts of our country would not only be practical, but would do more toward preventing intermittents than all our skill in the use of remedies can accomplish.

The chemical analysis made by Cloez of the leaves shows a small quantity of resin and a large quantity of essential oil and tannin.

An essence called Eucalyptol has been obtained from these leaves ; its chemical formula is C20 H20 O 2 , being almost exactly of the same composition of Camphor — boils at between 170° and 175° — its density is 0.905.

No immediate crystalized substance has yet been found. Eucalyptol has a peculiar agreeable odor resembling camphor, lavender and walnut, and is fragrant.

The taste is aromatic, but bitter and somewhat acrid, and excites the salivary glands.

Pharmaceutical. — The tincture is made by breaking dried leaves finely, and to one ounce add two ounces of distilled water and eight ounces of alcohol, allow it to stand seven days, filter and run up the first and second dilutions with dilute alcohol, above the second with alcohol.

Officinal Preparations. — Tincture; dilutions.

Analogues. — Arsenicum, Baptisia, China, Cedron, Carbolic acid, Soda Sulphite, Cornus, Copaiva, Cubebm.

Mind.

General mental excitement.

A desire to be constantly moving about.

A general mental exhilaration.

Sensorium.

Sensation of intoxication (as from a room recently painted

with turpentine, or full of the perfume of flowers). Vertigo.

Head.

• Nervous headaches, and other pains of the head, which are

not exactly periodic. Congestive headache, in plethoric subjects, followed by real

fever.

Dull, heavy, frontal headache, with fullness of the head. Dull, heavy feeling of the head.

° Headache in ansemic persons — it relieves the pain and causes sleep.

Eyes.

Hot, burning, smarting sensation (as from a cold.) Lids feel heavy.

0 Catarrhal and gonorrhoea! ophthalmia.

Face.

Flushed face, with congested appearance.

Nose.

Stuffed up sensation in the nose.

Tightness across the bridge of the nose, as if epistaxis would

set in. Thin, watery coryza.

° Chronic catarrh of the nasal passages, even when purulent and foetid (cured by inhalations of Eucalyptus.) Mouth and Throat.

17 Burning sensation, extending to pharynx and oesophagus, with thirst.

• Excessive secretion of saliva. Throat feels full ; sore on swallowing. Expectoration of a white, thick, frothy mucus. Sensation as of phlegm in the throat all the time.

On examination of the throat I found it relaxed and pale.

Stomach. Strong-smelling eructations.

Eructations tasting of eucalyptus for hours after taking the drug.

Slow digestion ; eructations and bloating. Hot, burning sensation in the stomach. Improves the appetite.

Sensation of having eaten or drank too much.

A strange sinking, faint sensation at stomach.

Tenderness and burning sensation in the region of the stomach and bowels, with great heat in the rectum, which was followed by tenesmus, with discharge of mucus and great prostration. Violent purgation and haemorrhage from the bowels ensued.

Burning sensation in the epigastric and umbilical regions, together with tormenting thirst, faintness, vertigo, dimness of sight; a sense of fullness in the head, with dull frontal headache, a tightness across the bridge of the nose, as if profuse epistaxis would set in.

Abdomen.

Feeling of weight in epigastrium.

Uncomfortable pressure and fullness in the umbilical region. Slight aching pains in upper part of bowels, then extending

all through the bowels. Sensation in bowels as if he would have a diarrhoea.

Spleen.

(Dr. Master experimented on animals, and found that it produced, like quinine, contraction of the spleen, which, under its use, becomes more resistant and hard, its surface granulated, and the whole organ diminished in size.) Stool.

• Dysentery, with heat in the rectum, tenesmus, discharge of

mucus, great prostration ; haemorrhage from the bowels.

Violent purgation, with haemorrhage from the bowels. Constipation of short duration.

• Thin, watery diarrhoea, preceded by sharp, aching pains in

lower part of bowels. (The prover, some weeks after getting this symptom, having

the same kind of a diarrhoea, took Eucalyptus, and with

the best of results.) 0 Typhoid diarrhoea and dysentery. ° Chronic diarrhoea, mucous and bloody.

Urine.

° Incontinence of urine.

° Diuresis, nocturnal and diurnal.

0 Vesical catarrh.

° Suppressed urine.

A sensation as if the bladder had lost its expulsive force.

Generative Organs. ° Ulcer around the orifice of the female urethra. ° Recent cases of syphilitic chancres. ° Gonorrhoea syphilitica. ° Leucorrhoea, of acrid, foetid mucus. ° Spasmodic stricture of the urethra.

Chest.

0 Bronchitis, in old and feeble persons. Respiratory movements quickened.

° Cardiac asthma; allays the terrible dyspnoea of this affection.

0 Strong beating of the abdominal aorta synchronous with the beating of the heart.

0 Aneurisms involving pressure on the vagus and its branches — No remedy is so efficacious in allaying pain, relieving dyspnoea, calming irritation, and producing sleep in patients suffering from the above conditions. {Dr. McLean.) Lower Extremities.

Dr. Pignedupritier, of the French Hospital, reports a case of arteritis of the leg, succeeded by gangrene, so high up as to prevent amputation. A large ulcer supervened, the odor from which was horrible. After trying all the disinfectants he knew of, he, as a last resort, applied a decoction of eucalyptus, and says that, without exaggeration, the bad odor was all gone in five minutes.

In both upper and lower extremities, pricking sensations were first noticed and followed by painful aching in both arms and legs, together with a sense of fullness in the veins, and a stiff, weary sensation, as if too lazy to move. Skin.

0 Ulcers from a varix, of a year's duration.

° Fistulous ulcers, discharging ichorous matter, of a foetid odor.

0 Suppurating wounds; prevents gangrene.

Eruptions on the skin, of a herpetic character; glandular en largements; and foul, indolent ulcers.

A lad thirteen years of age, who appeared to be suffering from rheumatic fever. The usual remedies were of no service. On more closely examining the boy's condition, 1 found many nodular swellings over the metacarpal and metatarsal joints. He could neither walk nor carry anything without great pain. Noticing a similarity of the symptoms the Eucalyptus produced on himself, he accused the patient with having eaten the leaves of the tree, and on pressing him he found that he had eaten largely of the gam, and had chewed many leaves. Dr. F. believes that his symptoms were entirely due to the leaves and product of the Eucalyptus.

Generalities.

Rheumatic pains, jerking, tearing, stitching — worse at night — followed by swellings in different parts of the body; one below the nipple, a little to the right side; about the size of a filbert, the seat of stitching and darting pains. Fever.

[Infusions, or water containing infusoria, cryptogamic organisms, and bacteria, are purified by the addition of Eucalyptus.] ° Remittent fevers; agues. ° Tuberculous hectic fevers, with profuse sweats. Intermittent fever; quotidian tertian and double tertian. ° Intermittent fever when quinia fails. c Quinine cachexias. 0 Typhoid fevers, etc.

" Malarious fevers do not exist in localities where this tree grows."

"Travelers who drink of the water in which this tree grows, or in wnich the leaves have fallen, are not unpleasantly affected by it." {See Therapeutics, Vol. II.)

Volume II — Special Therapeutics

In my “Symptomatology of New Remedies,” Vol. I, I gave a fragmentary proving of this drug. Since that time it is grown into extensive use, and I deem it proper to acquaint our school further in relation to its therapeutic uses. I therefore compile the following from the best authorities :

The tree from which this remedy is obtained is one of the finest specimens of the Australian forest. It is an evergreen, and belongs to the natural order of Myrtaceae, the same order that gives us the clove, cajeput, pimento, and other similar vegetable products of our Materia Medica. In its mother country it grows to a gigantic size, corresponding therein, in its native woods, to our “big trees of California” of the American forests. It is not unusual to find specimens four hundred feet in height. In 1862 a plank was taken from the body of one of these trees, and sent to England, that measured sixty-five feet in length, ten feet in width, and of a proportionate thickness. It was desired to send one that was one hundred and sixty feet in length, and of a proportionate size otherwise, but no ship could be found that could transport it. The wood is compact, quite heavy, and is impregnated with balsam, or resin, that gives it valuable keeping qualities, and of great use in the arts. From its resinous character it is more valuable for ship keels than our rock-elm, and it is this same resinous principle of high nautical value that makes it of so much interest to the pharmacist and physician. Besides these general features, it has another important one, that of rapid growth.

Forests spring up in a single decade of years. Trees twenty and thirty feet in height, in the Channel Islands, have been seen in four years from the planting time. In Texas they have been known to grow, from spring to November, to be ten or twelve feet in height. In Florida a growth of five feet in four months has been recorded. In California a growtli of forty feet in height, with a diameter of one foot, has been attained in four years’ time. As a shade tree it is not of value, as the trunk is so tall, straight, and limbless, save at the top, that the sunlight always strikes the ground, even at the base of the tree. The curious position and shape of the leaves also permit of this thorough permeation of the sunlight, a characteristic of the Australian forests.

We have just alluded to the peculiar-shaped leaves ; in the young seedling they resemble our common myrtle leaves, but as the trunk lengthens out into its straight and slender form the leaves also partake of a similar formative growth, so that in the mature tree they are one inch in width by from four to seven inches in length. In color they are of a pea-green shade, which gradually turns darker as the plant matures. Instead of turning their flat surface to the sun, as is common with our tree-leaves, they hang in a drooping fashion from the stem, and so present only their edges.

Its fruit, preceded by purple-hued and solitary flowers, resembling our myrtle flower, except that they are more full of honey than our myrtle, is a reversed cone, with four prominent sides, and hangs high up near the top of the tree.

It is from the leaves and flowers that the most of the medicinal portions are obtained. Still, the wood contains them all, but in a lesser ratio and less manageable form. It is the oil, Eucalyptol, that is probably the active ingredient in the different Eucalvptal preparations.

The first experiments upon its antifebrile qualities were made by Dr. Tristany, in Spain, in 1871. They were corroborated by the trials made by Dr. Brunei, of Montevideo, and since then by the leading practitioners of most civilized countries. Besides their therapeutical value, of which we shall speak further on, the tree in its living presence is invaluable as a prophylactic to certain diseases arising from exposure to malarial miasm.

Tracts of land rendered absolutely untenantable from the ravages of malaria, may, by the influence of the trees growing thereabouts, be made fruitful and healthy. This has been tried in many countries, under many varying circumstances, and with uniform success. This is due to a threefold action, viz., the high, open growth of the tree, heretofore alluded to, permitting the free entrance of sunlight and air about the roots of the trees; the free and rapid growth of the tree, thus furnishing ready drainage for the sweltering swamps about which they may be planted ; and, lastly, by the antimalarial influence of the balsamic odors with which it impregnates the surrounding air. The second factor is probably as important a one as any in the make-up of the antimalarial influence of the tree. When you come to put into figures the amount of representative moisture daily exhaled from one of these trees the result is really surprising. Of course no exact computation has been made, but from certain crude experiments made by the writer, a half dozen years ago, with the common maple leaf — a tree of slow growth, and one delighting in warm dry soils — we are sure that this factor is greatly underrated. Assuming one grain an hour to be the moisture-exhaling

work of each leaf (and this is less than our experiments with the maple leaf would warrant), we have, then, from twelve to fifteen grains of moisture daily as the representative draining work of each leaf; multiply this by the total number of leaf elements in a grove of Eucalypti and you get an enormous product. Gimbert states that a single tree draws ten times its own weight of water from the soil in which it grows every twenty-four hours.

As to the influence of the aroma, or balsamic odor, it is enough to mention that the toxicological influence of the drug is made manifest in many individuals by simply breathing the strongly impregnated air about the grove premises. We will need to mention but a single instance, out of the many that could be cited, of the antimalarial benefit derived from a grove of these trees. Dr. Logan, of Kern County, California, wrote that he had given the antimalarial influence of the Eucalypti a fair test upon his own place. He says: “This is cultivated by two Chinese companies ; one company lives on the north and the other on the south end of the premises, about three-quarters of a mile apart. The localities both parties inhabit are favorable to the development of malaria, and, as might be expected, they have every year, during the heated term, suffered with malarial fever. Last winter we determined to test the much-vaunted virtues of the Eucalyptus. In February we gave to the party at the north end two ounces of seed, with directions that they should be planted near the house. They germinated finely, and produced several thousand of the young plants, but the frost killed most of them. About twelve hundred, however, survived. These, when the heated term had commenced, had obtained a height of about two feet, and emitted a strong aromatic or camphorous odor, perceptible at a distance of a hundred yards. In due time the party at the south end were visited by their usual mildly-distressing fever, but up to the present time (about the middle of the season) we have looked in vain for the first symptoms to develop in the other. They are all, to their own astonishment, in robust health. These trees now average more than three feet in height, and the atmosphere of the houses is strongly impregnated with their odor.” The doctor then adds that though carefully searching for hygienic causes, other than the Eucalypti, none could be found. He has since planted all of the waste places of his farm with the trees, so firmly does he believe in their antimalarial virtues.

Our northern climate is too rigorous for the growth of the Eucalypti, though a few trees are known to be in Detroit, but there in hot-houses.

As to the therapeutics of the tree, quite a volume could be collected of the reports of successful cases. I spare you most of this and give only some of the more important and practical tests, or new uses of the drug.

Dr. Keller, physician in chief of the Australian Railway Company, reports the following cases, with results, as treated with Eucalyptus. The total number of malarial cases was 432/ Of them, 310, or 71.76 per cent., were cured; 122 required a supplementary course of Quinine. Of those cured (310) 202 needed but a single dose of the remedy (the tincture) ; the remaining 108 cases had one or more subsequent paroxysms. Quinine had been given previously to the Eucalyptus in 118 out of the 432 cases. Of the 122 cases in which the remedy failed, 58 were cured with Quinine, 10 were sent home, 16 remained under treatment, and 38 remained in statu quo. Out of the 118 cases in which the Quinine had

been previously given, but failed of arresting the disease, 91 recovered under the influence of Eucalyptus, the remaining 27 were unbenefited. The several types of fever were as follow : Complicated quotidian, 117 ; simple, 73 ; total 190. Complicated tertian, 126; simple, 95; total, 221. Complicated quartan, 16; simple, 4 ; total, 20. Complicated quintan, 1. The complications were splenic and hepatic engorgements, anaemia, chronic gastric catarrh, paludal cachexia, etc. The remedy proved itself successful in 161 (61.9 per cent.) of the complicated cases, and in 149 (86.6 per cent.) of the simple cases. Cures, as classified according to the types, we find successes in the tertian to have been 75.57 per cent. ; in the quartan, 70 per cent. ; in the quotidian, 67.89 per cent. The remedy, in a single dose, arrested the disease in 107 simple and 95 complicated cases. The treatment was generally commenced on the fifth day after the first paroxysm, and the average duration was but 91 days; whereas, in previous years, when Quinine was employed, 121 days was the average time of treatment. The tincture was made by macerating for three months the leaves in alcohol. Ten pounds of the leaves yielded twenty-five quarts of the tincture ; the average dose was two drachms, and the average quantity used per patient was seven drachms.

Dr. Burdel has employed it in 50 cases of quotidian, 39 of tertian, and 34 of quartan ague. The powder, tincture, and solid extract were made use of. In 57 cases he derived no benefit. The treatment extended from five to ten days. The extract in 10 to 12 grains, daily, was found most beneficial in preventing relapses ; this was given for five or six days after the arrest of the paroxysm.

Castan reports 33 successful cases out of a total of 44 cases treated with the drug. Mees, out of 31 cases had 13 cured, 10 greatly benefited, and 52 partially relieved.

Lorinsen cured 43 cases out of 51 to whom he administered the tincture as an antiperiodic. In one case of failure, both it and Quinine were unavailing. Bohn reports a case of a child with masked intermittent, with cerebral complications, where the tincture in drachm doses proved successful in relieving the symptoms in four hours, and he recommends it in puerperal fevers. Boyce details a case of ague that had resisted Quinine and Arsenic, and was cured by the Eucalyptus in four days. He has used it with great success in catarrhal affections of the urethra. The oil he recommends of use in odontalgia. Curnow, of London, speaks of a Norwegian that had been five weeks with an attack of ague, tertian type. The temperature was from 104° to 105.6° F. at the acme of the fever before the administration of the tincture of the drug. The administration was commenced on a day preceding an attack, and given in drachm doses ter in die; it modified the attack on the following day so that the highest temperature of the paroxysm was but 100° F., instead of the customary 105°. No further return of the paroxysm was noticed. In another case, a Dane, who was admitted to the hospital after an attack of five days’ duration, with severe paroxysms, lasting some twelve hours each time, the highest point of temperature reached at each attack was 106.4°. It was of tertian type, and just before the next attack was due the administration of Eucalyptus was begun, in the same doses, etc., as before. The next two attacks were modified in their severity, and were much shorter ; the dose was then doubled, and he had but a single attack following this date.

Limbert has successfully treated wounds by the application of the fresh leaves

to the parts. After a few hours all the unpleasant odor emanating therefrom is counteracted, and a healthy state of healing goes on to complete citatrization.

Bucquoy, of Cochin Hospital, Paris, asserts that of all the drugs he has made use of in pulmonary gangrene, none have given him the satisfaction that Eucalyptus has. Out of the various cases treated, five were complete cures, while the symptoms of all the others were favorably modified. The cough lessened, the sputa was less abundant, and the offensive odor was entirely absent, and this after Carbolic acid had failed. He used it in the form of an alcoholate, half a drachm in a mixture of syrup, gum, and orange-flower water.

These antiseptic properties of Eucalyptus are due, mostly, to the oil (Eucalyptol) contained in the various preparations made use of. It (the oil) has been known to preserve blood for five months from decomposition (as long as Carbolic acid will do the same), which is longer than Turpentine will keep it unchanged. Limbert and Birch have both made experiments to this effect, and both confirm the statement. The action of the remedy upon the white blood-corpuscles is analogous to that of Quinine, as it restrains their amoeboid movements, and hence its usefulness in the class of troubles, congestive in their nature, where it may be locally applied. •

As an item of agricultural interest it may be noted that it has been asserted by French writers to be a remedy for phylloxera; that trees growing near the grapevines protect the vines from the ravages of this parasite. Experiments have also been made with the essence of the drug upon the diseased vines, by Abbe Rolland, in the manner of inoculation, and with such success that he has pronounced it, after a trial of two years of its virtues, “ an infallible remedy.” He makes a broad incision through the bark at the neck of the vine, and into this drops a few drops of the essence, or rubs it over the cut surface with a camel’s hair brush. The result is, as he says, that in three or four days the parasites are destroyed, but the vine remains uninjured. The incision may be made in any other part of the bark, but the desirable result is more speedily obtained by making it as near the roots as possible.

I have now, in a sort of a rambling way, given you an insight to the literature of the drug. A volume could be collected, from various reliable sources, upon its hygienic and therapeutical value, but I trust that what I have given will be sufficient to call your attention to its chief merits. The literature is emphatic in its pronunciation of its success as an antimalarial agent, as a remedy of great value in chronic inflammation of the air-passages, as an antiseptic in surgical dressings, and as of value as a local application upon any inflamed mucous surfaces. Yet with all this literature at its back, it is a remedy of recent date. Prior to 1871 it was little known to the profession east of the Pacific Slope. Parke, Davis & Co. were the first to bring it before the professional public in the form of a fluid extract, and their first order, for only twenty-five pounds of the young leaves, exhausted the New York market. The price then paid was exorbitant ; but it is now so generally called for, from their energetic advertising of its merits, that it is ranked with our drugs of lesser cost, and is of greater value than many whose age is more pretentious. — C. Henri Leonard, M.D., in “New Preparations.”

Note on Some of the Therapeutic Virtues of Eucalyptus Globulus. — Rather more than a year ago my attention was first drawn to this remedy by an interesting reference to it in Sir John Rose Cormack’s “ Clinical Studies.” In a postscript to a case of cauliflower excrescence of the uterus, he mentions that latterly he has used, as an injection, an infusion of the leaves of the Eucalyptus, or a mixture of from one to four drachms of a tincture in eight ounces of tepid water. Besides being refreshing and comforting to patients so affected, these applications have in his experience a remarkable power of destroying the fetid odor of morbid discharges, without the substitution of another unpleasant smell He extends the remark, after much experience, to the offensive discharges attendant upon cases of ozsena, cancer of the tongue and throat, cancer of the uterus, gangrene, and other affections accompanied by fetor. In the same postscript he mentions that in simple uterine catarrh he knows of no remedy equal in value to the Eucalyptus globulus. In these cases he has met with the most satisfactory results when it was simultaneously administered by the stomach and in the form of an injection. He adds:

“As Gubler has shown, the anticatarrhal virtues of Eucalyptus are most remarkable. With increasing experience of its power, I more and more use it in bronchial, vesical, and uterine catarrh, in gonorrhoea, and in gleet.” These representations of Sir John Rose Cormack, and the circumstance which he also mentions, that a preparation of the essential oil in capsules is a favorite prescription with many leading physicians in Paris, led me to make trial of the remedy in a variety of cases during the past year. The only preparation which I have used has been the tincture, prepared by several of our most eminent chemists in Edinburgh, and I have seldom prescribed more than a teaspoonful, mixed with a wineglassful of water, twice a day. In several cases of bronchitis, with profuse expectoration ,1 have witnessed remarkable benefits after a very brief use of the remedy, evinced by a rapid diminution of the discharge, and also by a corresponding improvement in the general condition of the patient. But my object in writing this note is to recommend the internal use of Eucalyptus in a class of cases to

which, as far as I know, it has not hitherto been considered applicable . It

occurred to me that owing to its valuable properties as a disinfectant, deodorant, and astringent, it might prove useful in certain forms of disease in the stomach

and bowels . A gentleman of seventy-five had suffered from formidable

disease of the stomach for eight or ten years, and on several occasions had seemed very near his end, with every symptom of malignant ulceration. Great quantities of blood had been vomited from time to time, and at short intervals, seldom exceeding a fortnight, the stomach after becoming painfully distended with a sour barmy fluid was relieved by repeated vomiting, while life itself seemed

possible only with extreme lightness of diet and most vigorous self-denial .

He has taken the tincture of Eucalyptus twice daily for many months, and during all that time has scarcely had even a threatening of those painful and exhausting attacks which had latterly occurred almost every week.

Another old gentleman, a retired medical man of eminence, who for some years has labored under symptoms which indicate disease of the stomach, and possibly the colon, is so sensible of benefit from the use of the medicine, that he can seldom abandon it for even a few days without being reminded of its importance and eagerly resuming it.

Another case, in which ulceration, or some other organic disease of the stomach, seemed the only reasonable diagnosis, the patient made an unexpected recovery from extreme attenuation and weakness under similar treatment.

I have tried it repeatedly in a class of cases which are usually regarded as

ulcers of the stomach, threatening perforation, and with complete success .

Of course no one will think of using the medicine as a specific in any case where it may seem to be indicated. Ail the details as to diet and general regimen, which would be deemed necessary without it, must be carefully attended to. In conclusion, I may say, that it seemed to me of manifest use lately in a case of diphtheria commencing in the gullet and ascending to the fauces ; and my belief is that it might be prescribed with advantage in some cases of typhoid fever. — “ Edinburgh Medical J ournal.”

Eucalyptus as a Disinfectant, Antiseptic, and Epidemic Remedy. — I propose giving you a little of my experience in the use of Eucalyptus. About the last of August, 1875, 1 had a case of intermittent fever which Quinine did not touch, from the fact that it would not stay in the stomach so long as it was going down, even at the intervals between the sweating stage and chill. I suppose you will say that I did not prepare the stomach for the Quinine. The Eucalyptus prepared the stomach by antidoting the poison that produced the trouble, and the case was cured in three days — no more chills after the first fifteen drops of Eucalyptus were administered. It proved to be the only remedy the stomach would recognize as the tool which nature or the vital force required to work with in the case, and the beauty of it in such cases is, you can give it with all certainty without regard to stage, or, as the old folks used to say, “idiosyncrasy.” You can call it antiperiodical in this case, or what you please. I only pretend to say, it was the specific antidote or remedy for the case.

Case II. — “Facial neuralgia.” Lady, aged 55, bilious and sanguine temperament, had been troubled by spells for several years. All the usual remedies failed to even afford relief. From its periodic character I tried Eucalyptus. (I

should have said that the patient possessed an erysipelatous diathesis.) From the first fifteen-drop dose I could see an amendment, and in twenty-four hours the neuralgia was gone ; and at the usual time for it to return this fall it did not put in an appearance. There were slight symptoms, but two or three doses of Eucalyptus were sufficient to set all right again.

Case III. — As an Antiseptic and Disinfectant. Having a case of retained placenta at the fourth month, and not being called in until the odor in the room became almost unbearable, I removed what I could of the putrid placenta, and ordered vaginal enemas of tepid water, adding a little castile soap, and used on my hands Carbolic and Salicylic acid, without much effect. I then tried Eucalyptus, which was at once the sufficient disinfectant. I at once returned and ordered the vaginal enemas changed to Eucalyptus put in alcohol equal parts, adding a teaspoonful to one-half pint or a pint of tepid water, and use at once, the enemas being repeated every three hours. Suffice it to say, the next day when I called there was no putrescency about the room or bed, although there were pieces of the placenta passed at several different times after the Eucalyptus was commenced, and the patient made a good recovery.

Case IV. — Lady, aged 58. General erysipelas, with putrid dysenteric passages. Case pronounced hopeless by others. I gave a dose of Eucalyptus (fifteen drops), followed by Veratrum gtt. vij, water % iv, a teaspoonful to be given every half hour until a moisture appeared on the skin. The passages spoken of occurring every few minutes before taking the Eucalyptus, did not occur but once after the first fifteen drops in twelve hours, and no more putrescency. After the first dose I prepared Fluid extract eucalyptus gij, water §iv. Dose, a teaspoonful alternately with the Veratrum. The patient made a good recovery.

Case. V. — Child, aged 8 years. Diphtheria. Found the child’s mouth black as ink ; diphtheria coating as thick as one-half the length of the uvula ; pulse asthenic, and breath very putrid. This was the only child left in the family, and I considered the responsibility, the parents being willing to risk a change of doctors. I made a gargle of Tincture baptisia gj, Eucalyptus ^iss., water 3 iv, to be used, a teaspoonful as a gargle every hour, and one-half teaspoonful taken alternately with the gargling. Also Tincture veratrum gtt. v, Aconite gtt. vij, water 3iv. M. S. One teaspoonful every hour. Sharp vinegar applied to throat externally. Was to call again next day, but must confess I did not care about getting quite there until I heard the child was alive, and to my astonishment I found the mouth and throat as clean and natural in color as I could wish ; tonsils somewhat swollen, but of natural color ; pulse full and normal. Result, a good recovery. — A. M. Woodward, M.D., in “Southern Medical Record.”

More about Eucalyptus. — An every-day use of the above article develops more and more its superior claims as one of the best, if not the best “ antiseptic remedy ” now known, and herein lies its power as a febrifuge, aided by the moderate “diaphoretic” property which it possesses.

Its effect in all grades of diphtheria is suddenly pronounced, in

changing the fetor of the breath, or the septic condition of the blood and other fluids of the system, on which depends the severity of the disease, and should be the first remedy given in this scourge of our country, and followed up until the system is thoroughly cleansed of every vestige of the “ virus,” used both as a gargle for the throat and posterior nares, and as an internal remedy. For gargle :

R. FI. Eucalyptus, .... gij.

Aq. Fontana, . . . . giv.

Use q. s. every half hour or hour.

Internally, §j, aq. fon., 5iv. Dose, one teaspoonful every hour.

Of course other remedies are necessary to fulfil different indications, as there are no two cases which require the same treatment, save the Eucalyptus, and as I am not writing an article on diphtheria, I shall not give them here.

In typhoid and malarial fevers, “ Eucalyptus glob.” is an indispensable remedy. A case I recently attended, of the worst malignant type, will show its power in counteracting the fermentation or putrescent condition in such cases.

When I entered the room where the patient lay, the putrid scent was unbearable, and the friends summoned to witness the final separation. Patient unable to utter an audible sound. I at once commenced the use of Eucalyptus, and in twelve hours you could perceive no putrid scent whatever, and with other appropriate remedies the patient recovered.

In putrid dysentery — child three years old — changed in six hours to healthy passages, and with Aconite, grs. v, aq. one-half goblet, and teaspoonful given every hour, the child was about the house in two days. When called the child was comatose and passages principally putrid blood.

In scarlatina it has the same salutary effect. Three cases in one family, recently treated by my partner, Dr. J. M. Mulholland, were changed from a malignant to a simple type in two days. From a putrid concentration to the throat to a healthy scarlet eruption on the whole surface.

As has been noticed in other articles its effect in unhealthy ulcers, as a wash and to administer internally, is well marked.

We are now using it in cases of gunshot wound of knee-joint

with the most favorable results, keeping down inflammation and producing a favorable termination. It acted like a charm, and recovered without inflammation and but very little suppuration.

I would add that in the cases treated by my partner, of scarlatina, there were no other remedies used except Aconite and Belladonna, in very minute doses.

R. Tr. Aconite, Tr. Belladonna, a a, .... gtt. iij Aqua, one tumblerful.

S. One teaspoonful every hour.

R. Eucalyptus (fluid extract), . gtt. xv

Aqua, one-half tumbler.

Use alternately in teaspoonful doses, and for gargle.

I would also add that we have had a very large number of cases of both diphtheria and scarlet fever within the past year, but of scarlatina we have lost none, diphtheria two, and those commenced in the lungs, filling the large bronchial tubes and trachea.

It is one of our best remedies in the type of fever which prevails this fall, called by some typho-malarial. — A. B. Woodward, M.D., in “ Medical and Surgical Journal.”

Therapeutical Applications of Eucalyptus Globulus. — At the last meeting of the San Francisco Medical Society, Dr. Pigne Dupuytren said he had used Eucalyptus in the French hospital for a year, during which time many interesting results had been noted. In March last a hundred of the small trees had been planted on the hospital grounds. They had now reached the height of seven feet. He related the following cases :

A man had arteritis of the leg, succeeded by gangrene, which extended so high up as to render amputation impossible. In two weeks a large ulcer resulted, whose odor was horribly fetid. Everything in turn was employed to destroy this odor, to no effect. At last a decoction of Eucalyptus was resorted to, and, without exaggeration, in five minutes all fetor had disappeared. The decoction continued to be used with the same effect until death occurred, two or three weeks subsequently.

Another man, who had been under treatment in the hospital for two months, with extensive, deep ulcer from varix of a year’s duration, had the decoction applied to the ulcer three times a day with remarkable effect. In five or six days the ulcer was entirely covered with healthy granulations, and in a month it was entirely well.

A woman had been troubled for many months with an ulcer around the orifice of the urethra. It was cauterized five times with no result. After twelve days’ use of the decoction of Eucalyptus, washing thrice daily, it was well.

Four cases of syphilitic chancres healed under the Eucalyptus dressing in five or six days, without other treatment. These were very recent cases, or constitutional treatment would have been resorted to.

He had but one case of intermittent fever to report. This had proved rebellious to Quinia, and also to Arsenic, which latter had been administered for two weeks. A three weeks’ course of the Eucalyptus cured entirely.

So numerous were the cases of bronchitis cured with the drug that it was hardly worth while to mention them. — “Pacific Medical Journal.”

Eucalyptus Globulus. — Dr. Wooster, of San Francisco, California, submitted a report of 136 cases of various diseases treated exclusively with Fluid extract of eucalyptus globulus.

Remittent fever : cases treated, 5 ; cured, 5. Intermittent fever : cases treated, 19 ; cured, 19. Typhoid fever : cases treated, 9 ; cured, 9. Nephritis : cases treated, 4; cured, 3; improved, 1. Diuresis: cases treated, 10; cured, 7 ; improved, 3. Incontinence of urine: cases treated, 3; cured, 3. Vesical catarrh : cases treated, 27; cured, 25; improved, 2. Blennorrhagia : cases treated, 13; cured, 10; improved, 3. Valvular disease of heart: cases treated, 7 ; cured, 0; improved, 7. Dysentery: cases treated, 4; cured, 3; improved, 1. Chronic diarrhoea: cases treated, 13; cured, 9; improved, 4. Gonorrhoea (syphilitic): cases treated, 15; cured, 10; improved, 5. Dropsy: cases treated, 6; cured, 3; improved, 3. Of the whole number of cases, 106 were cured and 29 improved.

At a recent meeting of the San Francisco Medical Society, Dr. Stout exhibited an ingenious apparatus for the inhalation of medicated vapors. The medicated liquor is kept boiling by a spiritlamp, and the vapor conducted through a tube. He has used the Eucalyptus in this way, employing the tincture in water. It was preferable to the common atomizer, because of the warm vapor, which is not only medicinal in itself, but promotive of absorption. The Eucalyptus he had found very beneficial in bronchial and pulmonic affections.

Dr. Pigne Dupuytren testified to the virtues of the remedy, which had been fully tested by himself and Dr. D. Oliveira, in the French hospital. It had been found highly serviceable in affections of the larynx and of the mucous membranes in general ; also as a tonic. In France it was much used as a febrifuge, and by some considered a substitute for Cinchona. The leaves growing near the trunk of the tree were the most aromatic. A large number of the trees had been planted around the French hospital

for sanitary and medicinal purposes. The leaves, in drying, emitted a large amount of balsamic exhalations, capable of causing headache in persons much exposed to them, as he had experienced in his own house. — “Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal.”

Eucalyptus Globulus in the Treatment of Remittent and Intermittent Fevers. — Having seen but little written on the action of Eucalyptus globulus in the treatment of remitting and intermitting fevers, 1 thought I would give you a history of a few cases that I had been trying it in, in the last few months, for the benefit of your readers that have not had any experience in the use of it. The following is a brief history of the cases :

Mrs. V., aged 38, a farmer’s wife, very much emaciated, having been suffering from intermittent fever for several months, which had assumed the double quotidian type. For the last ten days she was not able to be out of bed. The paroxysms came on regularly at 7 a.m. and 10 p.m., and were accompanied with very slight chilly sensation and some coldness of the feet, followed by very high fever and profuse perspiration. I gave her very large doses of Quinine without any effect ; also gave Arsenite of potash with the same result. I then gave gtts. lx of Fluid extract eucalyptus every hour and a half, commencing in the sweating stage and continuing it until the time of the next paroxysm. She did not have any return of the attacks, and has continued well ever since.

Mr. P., aged 26, German, baker, had been treated for remitting fever for eight days by my friend, Dr. B., of this place, and he had been giving him very large doses of Quinine without interrupting the paroxysms. He became dissatisfied and sent for me. I gave him gtts. lx every hour and a half of Fluid extract eucalyptus, commencing during the sweating stage and continuing until he had six doses. He had no more fever, and commenced his usual occupation in a few days.

Mr. and Mrs. S., middle-aged, moved to this place from Port Jefferson, both suffering with intermittent fever. He had been laboring under the quartan type for eight months, and she had been troubled with the quotidian type for the last two years, more or less, and had had it for the last six weeks regularly. She was pregnant, seven months advanced, anaemic, with a sallow complexion, spleen very much enlarged, reaching about four inches below the free margin of the ribs. Before trying the Eucalyptus I gave xx of Quinia in the sweating stage, without any effect in either case. I then opened the bowels in both cases with Hydrarg. chlor. mit., and followed it with the usual doses of Eucalyptus ; there has been no return of the disease in either case.

These experiments, although confined to a small number of cases, seem to show that there are cases in which Quinine proves inefficacious. In such cases it is important to possess a remedy that will answer, and I believe that Eucalyptus possesses that

power; and, besides, it does not cause those distressing head troubles that belong to Quinia, and it is not nearly so disagreeable to the taste. — T. B. Talbot, M.D., Sidney, O., in the “ Clinic.”

Eucalyptus Globulus. — M. Bucquoy, in the “ Soc. Med. des Hopitaux,” gives a very flattering account of this remedy in certain pulmonary diseases. He says, in five cases of gangrene of the lung it was decidedly beneficial. Even in those of fatal termination it calmed the cough and diminished the fetid odor much better than Phenic acid. With one patient having the pleuropneumouic form, the use of Eucalyptus removed the gangrenous odor from the expectorated matter, caused the dyspnoea and cough to cease, but which reappeared as soon as its use was suspended. Notwithstanding a slight pleurisy and signs of a limited and superficial gangrenous evacuation, the patient was cured by the sixtieth day. Tincture of the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus, in doses of two grams, in a simple mucilaginous draught, or to which Syrup of poppies is added, was the form employed. When the depression of the forces was very marked, the preceding was alternated with Todd’s draught, to which from two to four grams of Extract of cinchona was added.

Dr. Paul Boyce, in the “Virginia Medical Monthly,” gives a case of ague and fever, which had been unsuccessfully treated with Quinia, Arsenic, etc., as cured in four days by taking of the Essence of eucalyptus (prepared from the oil distilled from the leaves) two drachms a day. He adds :

I believe we possess in the Eucalyptus a remedy not inferior to the Cinchona alkaloids. The oil applied to the nerve of a tooth soon destroys its sensitiveness and quiets the pain. In purulent catarrhal affections of the urethra it acts like a charm. — “ New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus in Diphtheria. — In cases of diphtheria, where there are dark-red and rough edges of the tongue, I mix “Baptisia” with the Eucalyptus. For children from two to five years old I prescribe :

R. Fluid Extract Eucalyptus, . . .20 drops.

Fluid Extract Baptisia, . . . 10 “

Aqua, one-half tumbler.

M., and give a teaspoonful every half hour.

/

This answers the place of a gargle, and also antidotes the “ septic poison/’ which imprints the type of the disease. If the throat and roof of the mouth present a dark shiny red, I order Eucalyptus alternately with twenty drops of Tincture ferri chloride, Aqua, two-thirds of a tumbler ; sweeten with good white sugar, giving a small sip every hour. If the pulse is sharp and quick, tongue white, with injected papillae. Eucalyptus, alternated with Tincture aconite, five to seven drops, Aqua two-thirds of a tumblerful. If full and soft, or full and rather hard, Tincture veratrum viride, five to seven drops; Aqua, four ounces ; sweeten, and give a teaspoonful every one-half or one hour.

The Eucalyptus is employed as an antiseptic remedy, and the Aconite and Veratrum viride as the “ fever remedy,” which is very much favored by the use of the Eucalyptus, not more than half the amount being required to produce the same amount of sudation, or diaphoresis, as is required without the Eucalyptus, and the reason is, in part, because the system is relieved of the poisonous irritant, which the Eucalyptus antidotes. It is preferable to Quinine in fevers, because Quinine is only an antidote to malarial poison, whereas Eucalyptus antidotes both malarial and animal poisons.

In cases of typhoid conditions Quinine invariably does harm by producing more excessive dryness of the tongue. Eucalyptus, on the contrary, moistens the tongue, and also destroys that peculiar septic odor which every practitioner at once recognizes in true typhoid conditions, if he has a trained nose. In diphtheria it also destroys the peculiar odor at once.

Myself and partner have had diphtheria and scarlet fever cases by the hundred since the middle of last April, and we have not failed to change malignant types into simple types in a very short time, and have stopped the putrid scent so often present within twelve hours. W e have lost only one case (and that one was a case where early treatment was received from other parties), whose trachea was filled with diphtheritic exudations when it came into our hands. Eucalyptus will change malignant scarlatina to a simple type in twenty-four hours, if given and used rationally, with Belladonna, if this is necessary to relieve urgent congestion. Of

course the strength should be governed according to age and the urgency of the symptoms, all of which the true physician can see at once. We could give sufficient cases to fill a large volume, where Eucalyptus (if a good article) has positively changed malignant conditions to favorable conditions in a remarkably short space of time.

As a local application for ulcers and wounds it has no equal, and for suspicious leucorrhoeal discharges it is one of the best articles ; say one to two drachms in one-half pint of tepid water for vaginal injections, injecting it slowly ; and for toning up vaginae and weakened and prolapsed uteri there is no better remedy for vaginal injections than Eucalyptus, equal parts of Fluid extract eucalyptus and spice-bush leaves and bark used in the strength above mentioned.

Eucalyptus is not only an antiseptic, but is also a disinfectant. It only requires to be used once to prove this in cases of sloughing ulcers or retained placentae. The main trouble, however, is in obtaining a good article.

Had I sufficient time I would give cases where we have used it alone in order to test its virtues, but suffice it to say that we do not see fit to be without it for a moment if we can help it ; and we prefer the fluid extract made from the leaves of the Eucalyptus which grows in Australia, believing it to be as much superior to the Californian tree as the long Buchu leaves are superior to the short. ,

We also wish to bring to the notice of the profession the Fluid extract of spice-bush leaves and bark for vaginal enemas, in cases of prolapsed uteri and ulcerations of the os and vagina, leucorrhoea, etc.

We will give you some of our experience in the use of “ Equisetum hyemale” as soon as convenient. The article grows here in abundance. It is almost a specific in congestion or clogging of the kidneys, and as such is an indispensable article. — A. B. Woodward, M.D., in “ New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus Globulus in Pleurisy. — Eucalyptus given in alternate doses with Grindelia robusta in tuberculosis or inflammatory condition of the lungs and pleura, is very efficacious, as I have found in a recent case, which I will report :

Mr. J. T., aged forty-five, of a sanguine, nervous temperament, was attacked about December 4th, 1877, with pleurisy and inflammation of the lungs. The lower lobe of the right side was the most affected ; also the pleura, on same side was much affected. The inflammation of the lungs terminated in a large abscess or tubercle in lower lobe of right lung. He expectorated a pint of muco-purulent matter in the course of two hours, then the cough became easier, and the expectoration became less every day, and after two weeks from the time of attack he was convalescent. The attack was so severe that he could not lie down for forty-eight hours, and his feet and hands were very much swollen. The dyspnoea was labored and difficult ; urine very high-colored. The bowels remained inactive as to the evacuation of their contents for ten days. I do not believe in evacuating the bowels unless there is some organic lesion. To give a cathartic early, to evacuate, is bad policy in any case of disease of the respiratory organs.

I treated the above case on general principles. I gave the Grindelia and Eucalyptus in half-drachm doses alternately every two to four hours for ten days, then gave it alternately every six hours for ten days. At the end of twenty-five days all cough and expectoration had ceased. For a week all who saw this case pronounced it a hopeless one, and that neither I nor any one else could cure him.

It was the worst case of the kind I have treated for the past twenty-eight years, and I think his recovery was due to the alternate effect of Eucalyptus and Grindelia. No blisters were applied to the affected parts in this case ; I do not approve of blistering in any disease of the chest, because it only adds to the already existing irritation.

Grindelia seems to act as a non-irritant on the nerves of respiration ; Eucalyptus acts principally upon the secretions, and carries off the deleterious matters of the system through the excretory organs, the spleen, the kidneys, and the skin. Its force is also spent on the mucous surfaces. — George W. Mallory, M.D., Lowell, Michigan, in “ New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus Globulus in Malarial Fever. — I report a case that came under my care last fall :

J. D. came under my care suffering with great anaemia, debility, nightsweats, etc. He had had various attacks of fever and chills. Had been given

I

Quinine and Cinchonidia until almost deaf and the brain and nervous system badly injured. The mineral acids had been used and the bromides to relieve the brain. He had very slight fever in the evening, yet he was very restless and delirious through the night. All the old remedies had been exhausted for good and even pushed to harm. His friends had despaired of recovery. I had just read “ New Preparations,” and put him on Eucalyptus, a teaspoonful of the fluid extract every four hours. Under its influence he slept well, the nightsweats stopped, and he made a rapid recovery.

I have used it in other cases with satisfaction. My experience proves it to be a good tonic, and it exerts a soothing anodyne influence on the nervous system. It seems to increase the efficacy of Quinine to control intermittents and to obviate some of the objectionable features of it. It also acts as a diuretic. — L. Stanley, M.D., Fincastle, Indiana, in “ New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus in Diphtheria. — The accustomed reader of medical journals of the present day cannot well avoid noticing the unusual amount of matter now being written upon the subject of diphtheria. The conclusion would naturally arise, in such case, that this had become either a very common disease, or one about which there exists great difference of opinion. Whether the former or latter be the true solution, it must be the conceded duty of each one having such cases under his care to give his experience in the treatment, through the medical journals. So, in accordance with such convictions, I will offer my mode of treatment. During the past twelve months scarcely a family in this whole section of country has escaped this fearful disease. I have had as many as half a dozen cases in one house at the same time, and have used almost every form of treatment. During the prevalence of this epidemic, I have had under my charge about two hundred cases. I will give the particulars of only one case, which will fully illustrate the advantages of my mode of treatment.

March 16th, 1877, I was called to see a case, aged about eight years. I diagnosed at once a genuine case of diphtheria, and put him on the following, viz., Chlorate of potash, Sulphite soda, and Glycerin internally ; also Sulphas quinias as a tonic and stimulant, and as a local application equal parts of Tincture iodine and Glycerin. This plan I have found to succeed in a large majority of cases, but in the present case, in spite of my perseverance with the above course, in combination with other minor points, I was nonplussed to see my patient gradually growing worse. The membrane in the fauces, pharynx, and nares at this time was quite extensive ; so at this juncture I concluded to make a change in the local treatment, which consisted in the substitution of Fluid extract eucalyptus globulus instead of Iodine and Glycerin. Imagine my wonderful surprise, on the first application of the Eucalyptus globulus, to see large flakes of membrane readily peel off, and the same result on each subsequent application ; and in a few days I had the pleasure of seeing my little patient convalescent. Since using the Eucalyptus globulus in the above case I have tested its powers in quite a number of other cases, and can heartily recommend its use to others. In some cases I use it as a mop, with a soft piece of sponge, in others simply as a gargle. — J. E. Massey, M.D., in “ The Medical and Surgical Reporter.”

Eucalyptus as a Local Anaesthetic. — Dr. Horton (Ohio State Dental Society) speaks of the Extract of eucalyptus as producing good results as a pain obtunder in sensitive dentine. A drop on a pledget of cotton is used. He thinks it the best of the local applications. — “ Louisville Medical News.”

Eucalyptus Globulus in Malarial Nightsweats. — During the last year I have used eucalyptus globulus with the most happy results in nightsweats, as the following cases show :

Last May Mrs. A. M. B - came under my charge, very icterotic and emaciated from excessive nightsweats. Had been treated by a skilful physician with all the usual remedies that he could summon, but to no effect in mitigating her sufferings. I put her upon Eucalyptus globulus, one-drachm doses four times a day for two days ; then three times a day for three days, with a remarkable change for the better. Then I made a tonic of Eucalyptus and simple elixir, equal parts, and ordered one teaspoonful four times a day. In two weeks’ time the sweating had entirely ceased. She used the medicine one month, and was completely restored to her wonted health.

Frank H., who had been treated for ten months for chronic ague, icterotic, with

occasional nightsweats, was restored to health by first giving him one ounce of Warburg’s tincture to break the chills; then following it up with half-drachm doses of Eucalyptus globulus, and two-drop doses of Fluid extract podophyllum every four hours during the day. Four ounces of fluid extract was alone sufficient, but to make sure he was all right I had this prescription duplicated.

Mr. Z. came to me in November, very pale and emaciated, suffering with chills, nightsweats, and splenitis. I ordered him to take one Podophyllin and Belladonna pill twice a day, and Eucalyptus globulus and simple elixir, equal parts, every three hours for three days, then every four hours for four days, then report to me. He had been treated by the physicians in our neighboring towns for five months with very little improvement. Said that “ my medicine had done him more good in one week’s time than all the medicine he had taken.” He is now well.

I might go on and give a long list of the good results in my practice, but let this suffice. — W. L. Heed, M.D., in “ New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus in Membranous Croup. — Dr. Walcker claims to have had great success in the treatment of membranous croup, both in its primary form and in the form which he regards as secondary to diphtheria of the pharynx. He employs the Alcoholic tincture of eucalyptus globulus. Professor Gubler and Dr. Gimbert, of Cannes, have shown that Eucalyptol, the active principle of the Eucalyptus, has a special action on chronic catarrh, with muco-purulent secretion, especially when located in the lungs, and that the resinous principle is chiefly eliminated through these organs. Dr. Walcker employed it with benefit in doses of from two and a half to five drachms per diem in cases of chronic bronchitis, in old people, and in a case of pulmonary gangrene that recovered. He then tried it in several cases of croup, and it succeeded beyond his expectations. In one case the cast of the entire trachea and of the first and second bronchial bifurcations was coughed up, and the patient, a child of five years of age, recovered. He has now discarded local applications, and orders an ounce of the Tincture of eucalyptus with three ounces of syrup, a teaspoonful of the mixture being given every hour. The children take it readily, and if given slowly any diseased part in the pharynx will be sufficiently impregnated with the medicament. A mild emetic of Ipecac. is given occasionally, if the patient be strong enough to bear

it. Cold drinks are given to relieve thirst, and cold applications are made to the head if there is much congestion. The child’s strength is to be kept up by proper nourishment ; the alcohol contained in the above mixture is serviceable in this connection. Dr. Walcker has given five drachms and more of the Tincture of eucalyptus per diem to a child five years of age, and has never known any bad symptoms to be produced by it. Dr. Siegen thinks that it is indicated in all febrile affections of the respiratory organs, and especially in whooping-cough. — “Gazette Medicale de Strasbourg,” February 1st, 1877.

Eucalyptus in Uterine Leucorrhoea. — In his “Clinical Studies,” Sir John Rose Cormack makes some remarks upon a therapeutical agent but little known in this country, viz., the Eucalyptus globulus. In simple uterine catarrh Sir John says that he does not know of any remedy equal in value to preparations of this plant. “In such cases,” he continues, “I have several times, with most satisfactory results, simultaneously administered them by the stomach and in the form of injections. As Gubler has shown, the anticatarrhal virtues of Eucalyptus are most remarkable. With increasing experience of its power, I more and more employ it in bronchial, vesical, and uterine catarrh, in gonorrhoea, and in gleet.” An infusion (half an ounce to two pints), or a tincture (one ounce to a pint of rectified spirit) of the leaves, or the essential oil given in capsules, are the preparations ordinarily employed. As a gargle or vaginal injection, and for external application, the infusion, or the tincture diluted (one drachm to six or eight ounces of cold or tepid water), may be used. Besides these therapeutic uses of the Eucalyptus, the author adds his very favorable experience of its remarkable power of destroying the fetid odor of morbid discharges without the substitution of another unpleasant smell. He speaks from an extensive trial of Eucalyptus lotions in horribly offensive discharges in cases of ozsena, cancer of the tongue and throat, cancer of the uterus, gangrene, and other affections attended by fetor. — “ Medical and Surgical Reporter.”

Eucalyptus as an Antiperiodic. — The wonderful effects reported of the hygienic and therapeutical power of this Australian tree have been published within the last four years in the “ Circular/’ as new facts were recorded in medical literature. Even the growing tree appears to be capable of counteracting those atmospheric conditions which develop intermittent fevers in such particular localities as come to be known as aguish districts ; and preparations of the bark and leaves are said to be powerful antidotes, when internally administered, to persons poisoned with the specific malaria. The following report of two cases seems to be authentic, and strengthens others that have been noticed in back volumes. Two instances are cited by Dr. Curnow, of London, of the cure of intermittent fever by the use of tincture of Eucalyptus globulus. We give in full the author’s account of one of these cases, as sufficiently illustrating the action of the drug:

S. S - , aged eighteen, a Norwegian, was admitted to King’s College Hospital May 23d, 1876. He had been suffering from intermittent fever for four or five weeks. The attacks were moderately severe and of a well-marked tertian type. An expectant plan of treatment was pursued until June 9th, and during this period the paroxysms recurred on alternate days with the utmost regularity. They began at 10 A.M., reached their acme between 1.30 and 3 P.M., and passed off about 6 p.m. The highest temperature varied from 104.8° to 105.6°. On June 9th the tincture of the Eucalyptus globulus was given in one-draclim doses three times daily. The next day, on which another attack was due, his temperature rose to 100°, and on the 12th to 100.4° ; after this date no further paroxysms occurred during the remainder of his stay in the hospital. — “ Druggists’ Circular.”

The Sanitary Influence of the Eucalyptus. — We learn from the “ Meteorological Magazine ” that at the Easter reunion at the Sorbonne some information was given by Dr. de Pietra Santra, a delegate from the Climatological Society of Algiers, as to the results of an investigation made in Algeria to ascertain the importance and value of the Eucalyptus globulus in relation to public health. It appears that reports were received from fifty localities, where the aggregate number of blue gum trees is nearly one million, and from these reports the following conclusions have been drawn :

(1) It is incontestably proved that the Eucalyptus possesses

sanitary influence; for, (2) wherever it has been cultivated intermittent fever has considerably decreased, both in intensity and in frequency ; and, (3) marshy and uncultivated lands have thus been rendered healthy and quite transformed. Similar results have been obtained in Corsica, where it is computed that at the end of the present year there will be upwards of 600,000 plants of Eucalyptus in full growth. — “ Druggists’ Circular.”

Eucalyptus. — Moderate doses cause a disturbance of the digestion, sometimes succeeded by a diarrhoea, in which the motions, like the eructations, recall the smell of the Eucalyptus. Large doses sometimes cause headache, excitement, and fever, with accelerated respiration, thirst, sickness, and, generally, sleepiness ; upon anaemic persons, however, it acts as a narcotic. The symptoms rarely last more than a few hours.

aIn Australia the Eucalyptus globulus is the popular remedy for fevers, and in Europe it has been used successfully in the treatment of diseases prevalent in marshy districts. M. Gubler quotes the testimony of several medical practitioners who say that it produces marvellous results in cases of intermittent fevers, especially obstinate ones, where Sulphate of quinine has been used without effect.” — “Phar. Jour, and Trans.,” March 2d, 1872.

It has been recommended for and used with marked success as a disinfectant in dressing wounds, ulcers, purulent catarrhal affections of the urethra and vagina, fetid breath, and as an astringent to harden spongy and bleeding gums. — “ New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus in Albuminubia. — My experience with Eucalyptus globulus has not been very extensive, but I have a case that I will report :

Mrs. A - , aged thirty-five, called me to see her, January 1st, 1877. I found

her anasarcal, urine scanty and high-colored, and upon testing it I found albumen in abundance. She had been under the treatment of another physician for eight weeks without any benefit. I, after making an examination, prescribed Eucalyptus globulus fl. ext. 5j, ten drops, three times a day, to be taken on empty stomach. Her digestion being bad, I ordered Lactopeptine in five-grain doses. The treatment was continued for eight weeks, the dropsy gradually decreasing, and now, after eight months, shows no signs of returning. She is enjoying a moderate degree of health. — A. P. Mukiiay, M.D., in “New Preparations.”

Eucalyptus Globulus in Pulmonary Gangrene. — Of all the drugs employed by Dr. Bucquoy (of Cochin Hospital, Paris) in pulmonary gangrene, none, he asserts, have given him better results than Eucalyptus globulus. He used it in the form of an alcoholate, two grams (half a drachm) daily, in a mixture of water, gum, orange-flower water, and syrup. Out of the various cases he had under his care at Cochin five ended in cure, whilst in all the others there was a favorable modification of the odor of the breath, the sputa, and the violent cough, after Carbolic acid had failed. — “ Lancet.”

The Eucalyptus as an Insectifuge. — According to the “Garden,” the placing of a young plant of Eucalyptus in a bedroom infested with mosquitoes has been found sufficient to cause the disappearance of the insects.

Medicinal Power of Eucalyptus. — Dr. David Wooster calls attention (“ Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal,” May, 1872) to the effects of the fluid extract of the Eucalyptus. He states that he has “used some gallons of it during a period of eight months in the United States Marine Hospital, and was surprised at its uniform and reliable effects in affections for which it is suitable.” It is a diuretic of rare virtue, and may be administered when most of the diuretics now in common use are inadmissible. It is an aromatic tonic, and has notable restorative effects in low states of the system, as in typhoid fever, typhoid diarrhoea, and dysentery.

In vesical catarrh it alone cures. In spasmodic stricture it relieves with great promptness. In all affections of the mucous membranes its beneficial action is remarkable. We have treated many cases of acute gonorrhoea with no other remedy. Per contra, in syphilis it is useless except as an alterative.

It has no antiperiodic action. It relieves headache apparently as the saline diuretics do, by diuretic action.

As an external application in chronic ulcers it has great value.

It does not impair but rather improves the appetite.

Eucalyptus Leaves. — The Rev. M. J. Berkeley mentions in the “ Gardeners’ Chronicle/’ on the authority of a letter received from Cannes, that Dr. Gimbert has introduced a new method of dressing wounds by using Eucalyptus leaves in the place of lint. The leaves, which have a “ catty ” smell, are merely laid on the wounds. The balsamic nature of them not only cures, but after a few hours all the unpleasant odor of the matter ceases.