Volume I — Main text

CaxUlftbifl indica) Indian hemp. (Haschisch, bhang, gunjah, chiu'nis, denote various native preparations of this plant, all of which owe their activity to iu peculiar resinous exudation.)

I. Provings, — i. April 13th, 7 a.m., 10 dr, tinct. — 14th, 7 a.m.| 20 dr. Between 12 and a p.m., when walking slight tendency to vertigo. — 15th, 7 a.m*, 30 dr. Head heavy, confused ; vertigo from 7.30 a.m. till e. 9.30 a.m., pressive pain on various parts of skull, in L wrist and I. ankle, severe pain in muscles below 1. scapula. — 19th, 7 a.m., 30 dr. 10 a.m., slight transient weight and heat in sinciput. — 20th, Pain in wrists and ankles, stitches in urethra j some days incomplete urination, it cannot be completed without great pressing. — 23rd, 7 a.m., 45 dr. 8 a.m., forehead confused, heavy. 6 p.m., shooting in end of urethra ; e., pain in r. ankle-joint. — 25th, 10 a.m., severe pains in joints of r, big toe y in same e. — 29th, 7 a.m., 60 dr. 9 pm, a peculiar, very painful weariness in both legs, to p.m., tearing pain in I. knee; during the last d. urine darker and scanty. — 29th and 30th. Two liquid stools and frequent urging to stool without result,— 30th. E. and n,, shooting in end of urethra, pain in 1, wrist, — May 1st, 7 a.m., 60 dr. In the n. frequent urination, urine dark coloured, shooting in urethra. — 3rd, Anxious feeling in chest, and quick, small, irregular hearths beats almost all d. — 7th, 10 a.m., small, irregular hearths beats causing anxiety when sitting and stooping. (Lembke^ Z.yi A. /T/., iv, 155.)

2, Dr. Heikrich took. May 6th, at 5.30 p.m*, 10 gr, of a peculiar preparation of can. ind. called " Birimingi.^' He chewed it and swallowed all but about 2 gr. of insoluble matter. Then occurred scraping in fauces, eructation, and slight nausea. Could not smoke a cigar in consequence of the dryness and roughness of throat. At 7 p,m. met a friend and spoke all kinds of stupid nonsense to him ; everything appeared in a ridiculous light. Face and eyes red, felt hot and had a sense of agility in his movements. This lasted 20 m. ; then suddenly he felt much oppressed, everything seemed too narrow, his features were distorted, his face pale ; he felt as if all his blood was boiling and streaming up to his head ; he felt as if his body was lifted up and he was going to fly ; compressive and constrictive feeling in pit of stomach. His anxiety and weakness seemed to deprive him of all power of will, so that his companion had to drag him along. After washing and drinking cold water he felt better for 5 m. His pulse was small and with long intermissions. He felt sure his last hour was come, and he cried out, " I am dying, I shall soon be dissected In the dissecting room V* Horrible visions rose before him, increasing in horrible character till unconsciousness came on ; as consciousness returned some pleasant visions occurred. It seemed to him that he was carried up hills and steep precipices with enormous abysses beneath him, and all the time he chattered continuously. But in spite of his talkativeness he felt that he could not express half what he felt. All his thoughts and actions since childhood seemed to recur to him. When he opened his eyes he saw everything and everybody about him, and he answered questions, but broke off into extravagant fancies. He did not know when they applied mustard plasters to his legs and rubbed him with brushes, the sensibility of his skin was so much decreased. He was not aware that he had a rigor, and he passed his urine involuntarily. At 8.30 the pupils were slightly dilated, conjunctiva injected, heart's beats very weak, sometimes scarcely perceptible, pulse frequently

imperceptible for i m. and more, it then became stronger and went up to 78 (normal pulse 58^-60). These alternations of weaker and stronger pulse recurred several times in the h., respiration gentle, regular, belly distended, extremities cold, sometimes trembling, skin insensible to cutaneous irritants. He was possessed with the idea that he must die and would be dissected, and he took leave of those around him. This idea recurred frequendy, and was always synchronous with the sinking and extinction of the pulse. At 10 p.m. he regained mastery over his mental functions, stopped chattering and felt pain in praecordial region where mustard had been applied. Thoughts chased one another so rapidly through his mind that he thought a much longer time had elapsed than was the case. He did not sleep at n. He passed urine more frequently than usual and not without difficulty. Next m. he was still too confused to be able to do his work or collect his thoughts, and he felt very weak. On the 3rd d. he walked about supported between two persons. The bowels remained constipated for several d. {Zeitsch. d. Vir, d. horn. Atr%U Oester,^ ii, 306.)

Dec. 6th, 1866, Mr. — took 60 minims of tinct. at 11.25 P*"^* Read till 12.5 a.m., then began to think about it, imagining that no effect would follow, when he felt sudden, dull, aching pain and constriction, with numbness and tingling as if electrified, beginning in r. arm, gradually passing down to feet and then to head, chiefly felt in arm and axilla. Came on and ofFlike wave of sensation, confined to r. side (this side was next the fire). Peculiar metallic sensation in r. half of tongue \ sight rather hazy ; buzzing in r. ear ; he seemed to go to sleep now and then for a few moments, which, however, appeared much prolonged, with pleasant dreams, then woke up and wrote down these notes. Only 10 m. had elapsed, seemed 2 h. ; sensations exalted and magnified \ pulse seemed stronger ; ideas flowed more rapidly ; pictures on wall seemed larger than reality ; thought he was in Mr. C — 's room, recognised pictures as belonging to him, though they were really Mr. R — 's, in whose [room he was. Pulse, counted by friend, 120, full and bounding, is usually 84 at this time. When he ceases to exercise his will falls into a kind of dream which seems painfully prolonged ; feels as if he never would get through n. While writing these notes time seemed prolonged ; seemed to dream between each two strokes of pencil ; all feelings of pleasure and pain seem exalted ; teeth of r. side of mouth seem to him to be clenched (not noticed by his friend ; was probably subjective ; 9 d. later took morphiae acetas, which caused feeling as if both sides of teeth were clenched ; never had it at any other time). R. side of body felt much enlarged ; he thought if he continued to grow thus he must bend over to opposite side (all these symptoms occurred within ist h.). Memory seemed feiling; pleasant burning heat over whole body ; oppression on chest ; indescribable sensation of oppression about heart ; feeling of sickness at heart ; heart's beating felt much embarrassed, sharp and quick, weak and small ; its contractions seemed jerky. This lasted till he went to bed, 3 a.m. Pulse he counted as 130 ; then followed great constriction in head, as from iron skull cap; memory seemed gone (afterwards, however, remembered nearly all that had taken place) ; pencil seemed very large ; felt very

7i6

badly i felt sick at heart (word ^^hiart*^ really refers to hmri) ; fits of mental depression ; no power of will ; his friends now went out of room J he thought they had left him to his fate and wrote " cowards'* in his notes , they seemed gone a long time. When they had gone he went into bedroom ; stood in reverie, which seemed 3 or 4 h,, looking through halfopencd door into sitting-room ; sitting-room seemed to be of an immense depth below him, though really on same floor j globe of lamp appeared of enormous size ; passed through sort of dream connected with all this ; there was curious sensation connected with the air, but he cannot recollect it. Ceased to take notes about i a.m. Following symptoms were given me from memory a few d. afterwards : Very excited ; began dancing about room ; frequently laughing ; talked nonsense^ knew it, but could not stop without effort of will, which he did not care to make. His friends tried to persuade him to go into surgery to take beer and morphia, but he was sensible enough to refuse. His power of Will with regard to commands of others seemed intact, but not over himself except under strong stimulus. Thus, when Mr. H — came into room, not wishing to be thought drunk, he lay down on a sofa, and could keep from talking by great effort, but when he did speak to Mr. H — he slightly wandered. When Mr. H — left he went on as before. About 3 a»m., having roused himself to sobriety^ he went to bed. Stumbled down steps on leaving his friends room. Here he met another, who called him by name, and told him to take care of coal scuttle at foot of stairs. He felt displeased at his name being called out at that time of n. Went upstairs all right j avoided scuttle, of which he seemed somehow afraid. Had distinct sensation that he must keep sober till he got to bed, otherwise he might do something foolish. Went to bed ; fell into drowsy state. Imagined finger-nails of both hands about size of a plate, very curved, otherwise of natural shape j on opening and shutting fingers they seemed to slide over one another like a fan ; on tapping them against hard surface delicious sensation was produced. Remembered events of childhood (not now^ but recollects that he could then). Very delicious dreams, cannot remember much of them now. Woke in m. not quite sober j could not read or understand his letters properly \ felt drowsy till 1.30 p,m*, with alternate waking and sleeping, but waking time was a pleasant dreamy state. 1.30 p«m*, increased appetite, ate good lunch (had had no breakfast)* All afternoon, alternate dozing and waking , same pleasant dreamy state while waking. Increased appetite at dinner. After dinner dozing and waking as before, then took coffee, which removed it. Dryness of mouth with thirst all d. Since then, for a d. or two, depression of spirits and disinclination to study. In writing these notes he kept repeating sentences and words. (Berridge, Hahn. Monthly^ iii, 461.) 4. Dec* 7th, 1866. — ^Mr. — , act. 20 or 21, short dark hair, blue eyes. Took 5J tincture in water, mixed with sp. ammon. arom., about 11 p.m. He read till about i p.m., then felt curious constrictive feeling in head, with inability to think. Dozed a little on sofa in friend's room ; was heard chuckling to himself i woke every 5 m., when it seemed to him as if hours had passed. After friend had gone to bed kept waking up thinking he was still in room, but on rousing himself recollected all, then relaj^ed.

About 1.30 a.in. went to bed ; could not concentrate mind on anything ; if he tried to think of anything his mind wandered into fanciful ideas. Felt kind of stupor, as it bound down by a loadstone, so that he could not move. When in bed thought he was still in his friend's room (thinks he spoke to his friend and was cross because he received no answer, but of this he is not sure). Kept waking all n. ; slept later than usual next m. This prover used often to take acetate of morphia subcutaneously for a joke ! He had taken ^ ^r. at 6.30 p.m. and again at 10 p.m. It never thus affects him. (Ibtd.)

Dec. 17th, 1866. — Same prover took 5 gr. alcoholic extract at 10 p.m. 1 1.30 p.m., feeling of distension of eyeballs, as if starting out of head ; they ached when he tried to read. Felt drunk, oome dryness of mouth, without thirst. At 2 a.m. took morphia subcutaneously ; seemed to pervade whole system, gradually driving effects of C. before it. C. caused in him unpleasant sensation of body which he could not describe. (Ibid.)
Dec. 4th, 1866.— Mr. — , act. 22, dark eyes, had taken spirit. amm. aromat. 3J about 6 p.m., which caused slight headache. I'ook 5J tinct. at 1 1 p.m. In i h. sleepiness, then singing in ears ; then felt very jolly, bursting into laughter ; talked nonsense and could not stop. His voice sounded to him long way off. A friend in same room seemed to him long way off. Felt as a third person looking at himself and friend. Felt he knew where he was and yet did not. Room seemed larger. Pleasant sensation of warmth, beginning in spine and extending all through body. After going to bed sensation of heaviness and drowsiness ; could not lift arms or legs. When in bed knew where he was and yet not ; imagined he was at home and could hear usual sounds ; by strong efibrt could recollect truth, then again relapsed. When in bed had dryness of mouth, lasting until next m., with thirst. Frequent micturition at n., much in quantity. {Ibid.)
Dec. 9th, i866. — Same prover took 70 minims, about 9.30 p.m. In 30 m. dryness of mouth with thirst, for some time. In i h. burning sensation in stomach for some time. Felt drunk. Giddiness, everything seemed turning round for some time. Buzzing in ears, lasting some time. In ij h. pains in forehead for some time. Great appetite } freauent micturition of much urine. In 2^ h. felt sleepy for some time. Leaden feeling in limbs, as though he could not move them, for some time. Conjunctivae congested, without any abnormal sensation there. These symptoms lasted till between 2 and 3 a.m., when he took acetate of morphia subcutaneously, which removed them. They had, however, begun to diminish before he took it. {Ibid.)
Dec. 14th, 1866. — Mr. — , in good health, except a cold, took 5J of tinct. at 4.20 p.m. 9.30, feeling of exhilaration. Pricking pains, apparently on sur&ce of heart, off and on. Woke once in n., which is unusual. Next d. 3ij in gum acacia and syrup at 3.50 p.m. 5 p.m., blood-vessels of upper eyelids became very full and distended, with feeling of heat. 5.30 p.m., same symptoms, with slight soreness of upper eyelids. Scalp and skin of forehead felt tightly stretched over skull, as a bladder over jar. Intermittent headache, in spot 1. side of head, near anterior inferior angle of parietal bone. Curious

7i8

shooting pain in I. arm, from shoulder to tip of middle finger, producing in finger feeling of internal soreness, same as in neuralgic pains.

Pain at one time concentrated itself in pulpy part of ungual phalanx, and at another at upper part of axillary border of scapula, whence it seemed to radiate, like wheel-spokes^ for distance of 2 in. 6.30 p.m., soreness of 1, finger remains, not increased by pressure or use* Conjunctiva of eyes covered with distended vessels ; feeling of burning heat, more marked in eyes than in lids, and severe. 7 p.m., less constriction of scalp ; continuance of burning heat about eyes. 7.25 p*m., increased redness of conjunctiva. Very subdued feeling j marked taciturn tendency. 7.45 p.m., feeling of lightness or buoyancy, as though he could fall like a cork, without sustaining harm. Relaxation of muscular power. Other symptoms as before. 8 p.m., feeling of sleep ; could easily sleep if he were to lie down and give way to the feeling ; but when necessary could always rouse himself all through experiment. Feeling of relaxation continues ; not at all inclined for physical exertion. Disposition to remain perfectly quiet without speaking. 8.30 p.m., bottle of lemonade revived him. 9.30 p.m., continued refreshed from the lemonade. 940 p.m.j disagreeable effects began to subside, leaving a disposition to be silent and still. No headache ; conjunctiva natural. 10 p.m., stronger disposition to sleep, which continued at 10.30. Same sensation at heart occurred during this proving as in former, but slighter. Woke at 4 a.m. and 7 a.m., which is very unusual. (Prover states that the eye symptoms come on him, but to a less extent, from anything which causes indigestion, as he considers it to be, ^.^. from eating two suppers, extra glass of wine, smoking when not well, or from excessive doses of phosphate of iron. But, in this case, he could attribute it only to Cannabis.) {Ibid,)

Dec. 22nd, 1866. — E. W. B — , in good health, except slight cough. 2.55 pm,, 3j tinct. At 4 p.m. was referring to MS. index of cases of poisoning, &c. i did not seem to know where to look for what he wanted ; when found, read it over two or three times without seeming to understand it. Curious feeling in body and head, which he did not notice enough to describe. Knew it was effect of C, and felt alarmed lest he had taken too much. Then wrote down following symptoms, 4,8 p.m., feeling in head as of something going round in it, from before backwards, on r. side. This was transient. Feeling of pressure on both cheeks, in corresponding spots, about posterior border of malar bone; did not last long. Roused himself and could recollect all. 4.11, feeling for a few seconds as of something surging like waves up neck into head, seeming to try to press it forwards. 4.3a, wanted to refer to something in his MS. Had to stop and think what he wanted to find, and where to look for it ; had to think for some seconds before he could bring his mind to subject 4.36, peculiar feeling of moving or '' swimming ' in head, with transient feeling of constriction round head. Lay down on sofa and dozed a little i singing in ears, went off when he got up. 4.50, feeling of something surging up from posterior part of head towards forehead. 5, dizziness in head! Felt drowsy, and fell asleep in armchair. At one time he tried to write down reference in his MS. Wrote down first half correctly*

though he felt he might write nonsense in state he was ; on attempting to finish, did not know what he had to write, and could only do so bv looking consuntly at passage in printed book while he wrote it in MS., and even then he omitted something. After tea, 6.30, no more effects. (Ibid.)

** While in Paraguay, I took about 2 gr. of the extract sent over from England, about noon, breakfasted, and lay down for the siesta as usual. I woke in the midst of a wild, shapeless dream, in a state of extraordinary agitation'and bathed in perspiration ; instinctively I felt my pulse, and found it beating at a tremendous rate, but so feebly that I could not feel the impulse of the heart against the chest. I thought a severe attack of fever was coming on, but to my surprise my tongue was quite clean ; thoroughly puzzled, I sat down and tried to make out what was the matter, but in vain, for my attention was principally occupied by a hallucination that time was indefinitely prolonged, I seemed to myself to have sat there for hours, and when I tried to think why I had done so I nearly lost all control over my reason, and a rapid whirl of confused and irrelevant thoughts prevented me from fixing my attention on one point for a moment, and it was only the effort of checking myself when falling which recalled me to myself, and then I suddenly recollected cannabis indica. But when did I take it ? Surely it was yesterday — last week— days ago. Then with infinite trouble in confining my attention, I succeeded in reaching the conclusion that the best thing was to take an emetic, and then some strong coffee and brandy. I also remembered in a bewildered way that some native friends were to visit me that day, and feeling that I could not see them, I rang the bell for the servant, to give him directions about them. After an apparent delay of a few weeks he came, but I could not remember why I summoned him, and only that I had done so ; and moreover, I felt that if I spoke to him I should only repeat some nonsense over and over again, so I stared at him in silence. He naturally thought from my wild appearance — pupils were widely dilated —and my strange behaviour, that I was mad ; he turned pale — that is, in an Indian, pale green — and stammered out a few words. I was immensely amused at his scared look, and laughed long and heartily, yet never losing for a moment the feeling of intense anxiety with which I awoke. At last I so far succeeded in collecting my scattered senses as to give him directions. (Narrator then took a zinc emetic.) Feeling somewhat relieved, and placing some water to boil in a flask over a spirit-lamp, I sat down in my office and remained there apparently for weeks or months, feebly wondering why I did so, and if the water before me would ever boil, and what it was for when it did. I was aroused from mv abstraction — if the whirl and dull confusion of thought could be called so— by the water boiling over, and then, with many pauses and periods of forgetfulness, I made a cup of strong coffee, and nastily swallowed it. I soon found myself better, and after some brandy and water I lay down and fell asleep. I could eat no dinner that e., but next d.was in my usual state of health." (Communicated by Ibid, Monthly Horn. Rev.y xiii, 726.)
a. Christison took i gr. extract in spirit ; at dinner, peculiar

numbness creeping through body and limbs. On lying down, numb. ness continued; in 1 5 m. sensations became agreeable. Laughed heartily several times, answered questions incoherently, immediately forgot what they were about. Delightful reveries came over me ; whatever I looked at became lost in a maze ; lamp seemed to turn slowly round ; red lines on paper of room appeared to intertwine in most beautiful manner. Most remarkable effect was constant succession of new ideas, each of which was almost instantly forgotten. When roused to tea, ate ravenously, without feeling satisfied. Slept soundly at n. ; next d. stupid and forgetful, better after lemon-juice.

b. Same took 4 gr. of extract for toothache. In i h* cessation of pain, pleasant numbness in limbs, giddiness, rapid succession of unasso* ciated ideas, impossibility to follow train of thought, frequent intervals of sleep, slight increase in force of pulse. Felt no pain, but knew toothache was present. Next m. ordinary appetite, much torpidity^ great defect and shortness of memory, extreme apparent protraction of time, but no peculiarity of articulation. This state lasted till 2 p.m., and ceased a few m, after lemonade. {Monthly Journ, of Mid^ Scitnce^ xiii, 34.)

At 4 p.m. man took 2 gr. of extract. 6.15, felt weak, chiefly about knees, slight inclination to laugh, stupidity^ forgetful ness, no reverie. Slept soundly at n. Next d. perhaps more stupid, enlivened by lemonade. Not himself till following d. Appetite strong. {Ibid,)
Man took 2 gr, in spirit, and i gr. solid shortly after at 4 p.m. At 5.45, when at dinner, after water, felt buzzing in cars and slight giddiness, 2 m, later, burst into fit of laughter without cause, and had to retire owing to recurrence of such fits. Limbs could not support him ; on lying down, delightful dreams — laughter at intervals. At 8 p.m. had tea, ate voraciously ; lay down again, laughed and sang. Slept soundly. Next d. symptoms continued, but less, till afternoon. Lemon-juice had great effect in restoring faculties. {Ibid J)
I took between 2 and 3 grammes of haschisch, 9 a.m. In 15 m., peculiar movement in extremities, propagating itself towards interior of body. Felt as if something entered tips of fingers and moved progressively, and without interruption, to my brain, without, however, deranging intellectual faculties or producing pain. It was like sensation of nettles on skin, or ants moving over body, or titillation of sole of foot, but these do not exactly express sensation. Felt I was in abnormal state, and was contented. Wanted to work, but could not ; my hands, affected by nervous excitement, refused to execute delicate movements. Near houses seemed removed to a distance, voices heard seemed to come from far. All distances seemed great, felt as raised from ground and walking through air, while persons in street touched the ground as my inferiors, and could not mount as I had done. Thought I should never reach home, distances seeming to grow. Portress, on hearing me speak, said, ** His voice has changed," I answered, 'Ut is effect of haschisch." Went in, left key outside in door. Wanted to open two letters, but nervousness hindered me, could only pass them between fingers and turn them for 2 or 3 m. At last, seized with supreme disdain for vulgar things, I flung them on ground as unworthy my thoughts.

Crowds of ideas came into mind, and grew clear and precise ; nervous movement grew, agreeable feeling came on. When I had got into bed, clothes seemed to remove from my body, as sign of respect. Saw, to my great satisfaction, all events of my life pass before me ; but ideas changed so rapidly that I could not dwell on single one. I knew of my state, but sought to corroborate it by proofs. Had doubts, and thought I was perhaps at work in laboratory, but this doubt passed like lightning, as I could get out of bed and walk — which I did ^ could go back to bed — which I did, having examined my clothes^ looked at letters on floor, and noticed door shut and key outside. Clothes then seemed to remove again to distance, and same agreeable atmosphere surrounded me once more. This lasted 4 h., then ideas succeeded less rapidly, distances diminished, bedclothes respectfully approached me, nervous movement disappeared, and all resumed natural aspect, save that lips were loss moist than usual. (De Luca, Comptes Rendus^ Oct. i3> 1862.)

Took 3J to feel effects. Was disappointed at first, thought I had taken chocolate only. Wanted to write letter ; could not begin it. Parietal bones of head expanded widely, as if parting at sutures, and again collapsed with sort of shuffling sound. Thought it result of fotigue. " I will go to bed,'^ I said. As I rose from table, agreeable state of warmth and lightness \ felt as if I had taken Scotch whisky. Room seemed larger, and getting larger still ; skulls of animals on walls became colossal, and I took them for monsters of Oolitic period ; I thought I had been awestruck for years, looking at them paralysed, faculties benumbed except faculty of wonder. Saw my watch hanging on wall ; it dispelled illusion. Looked at it calmly, found 20 m. since taking haschisch. Watch immediately expanded vastly, ticking like pulsation of a worid. Now I knew I was under influence of drug, and began to take notes in pencil. Suddenly limbs seemed benumbed, toes shrank within slippers, fingers became like long legs of convulsed spider ; I dropped pencil and walked to window. Landscape so sublime that I forgot cause of illusion. Horizon infinitely removed, still dis^ cernible \ sunset had marked it out with myriads of fiery circles all revolving, mingling together, expanding and then changing to an aurora, which shot up to the zenith, and fell down in sparks and splashes among trees, which became illuminated ; whole scene grand with fires of all colours. Landscape continued to expand. Trees shot higher ; their branches overspread sky, met together, and became confused mass ; lights changed to general purple haze ; sense of twitching in every limb, with weariness and depression, made me turn and sit down. Twitching changed to sharp pricking, most in extremities \ thought I was poisoned by strychnine. Opened drawer for emetic, but drawer had gone, and in its place sat one of my antediluvian monsters grinning. For six weeks — I then thought — it played a monotonous tune, while I sat on ground laughing and enjoying idea of my toes and fingers being claws, when suddenly thought seized me that I would destroy illusion bv effort. I dashed at monster \ my hand fell on handle of drawer. Dream was dissolved, I could understand that my watch ticking and bird singing in garden were sounds I had heard from monster. Looked

at watch, found 25 m, had elapsed since swalJowing,^-seemed years. I then said : '* 25 min., 2$ days, 2$ months, 25 years, 25 centuries, 25 aeons. Now I know it all ; I have discovered in dark ages elixir of life ; I shall live for ever,' Elixir seemed to whirl round me like wheel of which I was centre. Wheel became brilliant with fiery coruscations, by degrees centre (where I was) became circumference, and I was whirled with it, my head opening and shutting, could feel cold air on brain ; breath got shorter and more difficult, chest falling in as if crushed by weight, stomach gnawed by rats. This went on for ages, yet I knew where I was, and how it all happened ; actually ordered coffee, though illusion did not cease, nor did servant who answered me notice signs of aberration ; thought coffee would relieve oppression, which was fast dispelling illusion. Tried to count pulse ; throbs were like heaving of mountains ; as I counted " one, two, three," they became ^one, two, three centuries," and I shrieked at thought of having lived from all eternity and of going to live to all eternity in palace of coloured stalactites, supported by shafts of emerald, resting on sea of liquid gold, for this was now appearance of things ^ gnawing at stomach suggested that I should be starved to death and yet live, the deformed wreck of a deluded man. Servant brought coffee in huge tankard chased all over with dragons that extended all round the world ^ I saw its odour play round her in circles of light, and for i h she stood smiling and hesitating where to place it, because table was covered with papers. I calmly removed a few papers, and heaved a sigh that dissipated the dragons, made odours fall in shower of rain, and she put down tray with a crash that made every bone in my body vibrate as if struck by 1 0,000 hammers. She stood aghast, and her rosy face expanded to size of balloon, and away she went like lightning, and I stood applauding in midst of 1000 lamps, which I noted were all glow-worms, which I could touch, and they communicated to my fingers phosphorescent sparks, as if rubbed with matches. (A few days before I had found glow-worms in garden, and on handling them found my fingers tipped with dull, phosphoric glow. This probably gave rise to illusion. In fact^ I afterwards traced many of my sensations to previous events ; I almost believe illusions to be result of ahmrma I memory,) I knew this was unreal i drank coffee with composure, though difficult to pour it out without spilling j cup came to my lips as if it were rim of cauldron seething with stew of spices and nepenthe, and amid steam I could see into brain of Jacob Boehmen (whom I had read) as he now seemed looking into mine. Coffee caused sensations of insupportable heat. Gnawing sensation in stomach and contraction of chest gave way to sense of pricking, most violent in fingers and toes, and yet, though pain ful, pleasant. Though I could see that 40 m. had elapsed since taking drug, yet I had secret persuasion it was at least 40 centuries. Only one effect now remained, — sense of warmth of whole body and tendency of head to expand and fill room. Arms dropped i painful effort to keep them up. Went to bed. Could get there with difficulty, though legs very long^ felt they would be presently cramped, so that [ should cry out. On undressing, clothes flew away into space, and became stars, buttons on vest glittered like Orion, but more vast and splendid.

Did not dare look out of window ; tried to control myself^ for I began to feel sense of dread. As I got into bed, bed extended ; as I lay down, I extended, and, on shutting eyes, I covered whole earth. Sense of indescribable pain all over ; skin seemed to move to and fro upon flesh, head swelled to awful size, and I parted in two from head to foot ; became two persons, each throbbing, breathing hard, sighing loudly, and lost in a commixture of ethereal yet agonizing colours and sounds. These seemed to continue for ages ; but I was really asleep, and I never could call to mind at what time I went to bed, or at what point of illusion sleep came upon me, but I always supposed it to be when I felt mjrself parted in twain and immersed in light and music. Next d. was awake early, seemingly unrefreshed. I lay some hours pondering on strange effects drug had produced, and found it difficult for some time to prevent intrusion of some broken fragments of visions from taking possession of me ; after breakfast, felt as well as usual. (Shirley HiBBERD^ Intellectual Observer^ ii, 435.)

I had taken on different occasions gr. 1 to 3 of the extract, without any noticeable effect, and after repeating it several times increased the dose to 5 gr., from a new lot which we had just received. I took the dose after dinner, about 2 p.m., and as I had failed so often in obtaining; its medicinal action in the least, I commenced my usual work in the laboratory, thinking no more about it, till \ h. after, when I was suddenly reminded of it by a peculiar feeling I experienced that could be compared to a warm stream of water which gradually stole up my back and made its way to the brain. At the same time I had very dry mouth and fauces, so that I could hardly swallow or speak ; intense and rapid beating of the heart, and widely-dilated pupils ; my pulse was 150 to 160 per m.; I did not feel sick, but more as if under the eflFects of an intoxicating drink. By this time I felt a burning sensation in the throat, and mentioned it to my colleague, Mr. Dohme, who recommended me to uke several drachms of birtartrate of potassa with water, which did me considerable service. I now felt in the highest degree nervous ; my legs were hardly able to support my body, and I had a strong inclination to sleep, and therefore hurried to my bed, which I entered without undressing. I now began to feel the characteristic effects of the haschisch. I was not able to go to sleep, yet under a peculiar nervous action of the brain and senses ; my mind wandered from one subject to another, and, strange to say, with my open eyes I dreamed (I must call it so), for I saw, heard, and noticed everything around me, but the mind wandered rapidly from one subject to another, only remaining for a moment or two on the same thing, then passed to another, and tales of youth again charmed my existence ; pictures and scenes long since forgotten were again for an instant as plain as if seen only a day before. These dreams of imagination lasted about an hour, and then changed to a slight headache, which I felt till late in the night. I now got up to finish some preparation I had commenced in the morning, but found myself too weak and nervous, and had to leave the laboratory. At 6 I took supper, and had an excellent appetite, but my mouth was still very dry. At 11 o'clock I went

to bed, slept very quietly without dreams, and awaked in the morning as well as usual. (Carl Bower, Amer. Obs.y May, 1864).

17, On August 5th, 1S76, at 6.58 p.m., I took 0-6 of a gramme of Egyptian haschisch, and ^ h. after 04 of a gramme in addition. Before taking, pulse 72, at 7.10 pulse 80. First sensation, pendulum-like oscillations in the head. 7,20, pulse 84 \ a feeling of flow of blood towards the upper part of head, and a strange sensation of contraction, and a kind of collapse within myself; the pendulum-like oscillations in the head increasing. 7.40, an irresistible inclination to laugh ; loud laughter without any particular cause, tendency to rapid movements ; pulse 84 I took several quick turns up and down the room, and then sat down. 7-55, a feeling of heat and pricking in the head, sensation of coldness and numbness in the extremities, which are cold to the touch, and an indefinite feeling of melancholy and uneasiness ; occa* sional starts without any visible cause, like those of electric shocks j pulse 96. Playing on the piano, performed by one of those present, produced a magical effect j it seemed as if the sounds were wafted from a great distance, that every sound had its peculiar life, a special fulness and expressiveness ; the sounds seemed to come with fearful rapidity from an endless distance and to be reflected immediately \n the car — in a word, an ordinary performance seemed equal to that of some eminent pianist, and I thought myself a profound connoisseur, calmly enjoying the playing of some distinguished musician. 8.10, pulse 104, full \ sensation of heat in the head and pricking in the temples increased. I seemed to hear a loud noise, like that of a waterfall ; suddenly the nature of the noise changed, and it seemed to proceed from a number of vehicles driving in a street ; then again the noise became like what is heard at the close of a performance in a theatre, the rumbling of vehicles, shouts of men — all combining in one general roar ; these sounds suddenly disappeared, and gave place to the booming of cannon, and reports of guns at a manceuvre. I cut these sensations short by the force of my will, and took a quick turn in the room. I felt a violent thirst. After drinking a glass of water I sat down on the sofa, and closed my eyes at H.jo, Scarcely had I done so when I felt a remarkable buoyancy and flexibility in all my body ; before my ^eyes appeared a whole series of variously tinted luminous figures, rapidly vanishing, their shapes being in the highest degree undefined ; then appeared a row of more or less well-defined shapes. The most varied and most luxurious pictures of nature ever seen by me in reality or in drawings, transported me into a magical worlds I thought I was in some virgin forests of South America, then in some cities of Switzerland^ then amidst the ocean, and again amidst heaps of ice and snow, &c. An entire series of reminiscences of childhood, the faces of friends and acquaintances, and the faces (known to me by portraits) of authors, savants, poets, politicians, &c», — all these became blended in my head, presenting a kind of phantasmagoria and the most variegated picture. All these sensations passed rapidly and distinctly before me, and I felt so enraptured that I begged to be allowed to plunge into this fantastic world, and to leave oflFdictating my feelings. This state lasted till 9.20. During this time those who were present observed that my face

was hot, red, and moist; pulse 108. On my recovery I got up with the intention of walking across the room, but noticed that my gait was unsteady, and that I was swerving to the left and that the upper and lower extremities of my left side were benumbed. I drank a little water and wine. At 9.45 I experienced sharp and occasionally shooting pains in the loins and in the region of the kidneys. These pains, as well as a feeling of nausea, made my state very uncomfortable. I endeavoured to induce vomiting by tickling the root of my tongue, but did not succeed. It was nearly midnight when I sat down to supper and ate with a great appetite. At i a.m. I went to bed, and my first sensation was that I was flying from an enormous rock into a fearful and dark abyss. I fell asleep at once and slept very soundly. It was 11.30 a.m. when I awoke with a feeling of heaviness in the head, with full remembrance of the previous day, and a sensation of emptiness and incapacity for thought. Whatever I did appeared endlessly long ; my words, and the conversation of others, seemed too prolonged, whereas in reality it appeared that I spoke as usual. I went out into the street to take an airing, but the further I went the more it seemed to me that I was walking a very long time, and that the houses and people were all flying away from me. Making an effort over myself, I took the first vehicle, and drove back home. On my arrival I at once lay down, and slept till evening. On awaking I felt much better. The urine which I had collected during the experiment had a peculiar odour, somewhat like that of cannabis indica. During the d., according to my own observation and that of others, my face was exceedingly pale, the pupils dilated, the expression that of great illness. It was onlv on the next d. that I was able to take to my ordinary occupations. (Maximovitch, Horn. World.^ May, 1877).

The following proving was made by a young friend of mine, a gentleman of good mind and considerable reading ; of excellent moral character and worthy of the most implicit confidence.

a. Having taken 15 gr. of an American extract without effect, a week later he took, at 8 a.m., 3 gr. of an English one, expecting it to operate about noon. Nothing happening, he concluded that he had taken too small a dose, when about 4.30, while playing guitar amongst his family, ^^one of the tunes, a rather solemn one, seemed suddenly to assume a more melodious character^ gradually increasing in grandeur bar after bar, till I was wholly absorbed with it. The words died away and I still went on with the accompaniment ; my mind carried the air and all surrounding objects feded ; I lived wholly in the music, and a deep subdued joyous teeling, such as I never before felt^ pervaded my whole being. At last I came to myself somewhat and turned to the others, remarking that it was beautiful and asking if they did not think so. They were surprised at the question and said the air possessed but little merit. At this moment a strange crawling sensation commenced in my body, extending to my limbs, down my arms into my fingers' ends, and up into my brain^ travelling slowly, but so powerful that I was wholly overcome with surprise/' These thrills followed more rapidly and became more intense, especially when he moved to leave room. In going downstairs to put away guitar mind wandered and

had to be forcibly recalled, making time seem long ; in going upstairs to his room he seemed not to touch steps, treading air as a swimmer treads water. Thrills were now continuous, commencing of caoh being only known by an increase in force ; heart and arteries began to throb violently, and blood to rush to head, so that he feared apoplexy. ' The uncertain aspect of things '' (which he had already experienced) '^ now increased, with the whole force of my reason seemingly unimpaired. 1 could not convince myself that the furniture in the room had any other than an ideal existence. This feeling was so oppressive that I determined to seek the rest of the family But how could I reach them ? I was in another sphere j I had journeyed to a world whose objects I could not realize, an uncertain world whose paths I did not know. An atmosphere surrounded my little world through which I could not pass i to break through the open doorway seemed as impossible as to wing my way through the ethereal regions to the throne above. This was my station ; here I must remain* A feeling of loneliness now overwhelmed me. I must seek the rest of the family. I hurled my body through the seemingly impenetrable though invisible barrier. On, on I went, pushing my way through a resistant atmosphere or surrounding — an adherent fluid it seemed to be, not dense as water nor rare as air, yet it resisted, and I by force of will overcame it step by step, I noticed here the two parts of my being acting separately | my will was separate from my body, spurring it onward, pushing it forward, and using it much as an artificer uses a tool, seeming to exult in its supremacy and glad of its partial disenthralment/'

if. He now returned to the sitting-room, finding his family there, who assumed the same unreal aspect. When he spoke his voice seemed someone else's. He found he had been absent only 5 m., though it seemed to him as many h. Was told he looked pale, eyes half closed and dull, hands cold and clammy. He felt as if resinous matter exuded from every pore, lining mouth and throat and creating a great thirst. Drinking a glass of water, it seemed to run down throat by its own gravity and without touching either side. His thoughts were occupied with speculations as to the action of the drug (which he mentioned he had taken) and were now and then half involuntarily expressed, not always with seemliness. At last, family becoming anxious, a mixture of ether and camphor was given him. After its stimulation had passed off it left him extremely melancholy, which increased as day grew dark, but suddenly cleared away on going into lighted supper-room, where the lustre seemed to fill his whole soul. Thrills went off after meal while playing piano, but recurred for a fortnight on taking hot stimulants. (Gardiner, yfmer, Horn. Rru,^ iii, 41 1.)

€, In a later communication this prover (Dr. W. A, D. Pierce) tells his own story much as above, but continues as follows t— "The thrills left me suddenly, when in the middle of a tune, the last part of which •seemed so flat that I was obliged to stop playing. My friends told me that I had been playing with more pathos than usual. For two or three weeks after this I felt once in a while, just as I fell asleep, a regular haschisch thrill, which would make me almost fear to wake, lest I should have a succession of them. For several months, in fact, for nearly a year

afterwards, I was troubled with a crisping sensation in the brain, just as I fell asleep or awoke from sleep i not every n., but probably once a week. My mind was capable of a greater effort for a while afterwards. During the succeeding week, I read a work on psychology of over 700 pages, and could for a long while refer to any part of it without my notes. This I could not have done before nor since. During the summer of 1866, 1 took some pellets saturated with the 30th cent, potency of C. indica, and in about an h. had a real haschisch thrill, so violent that I took hold of a counter to prevent myself from reeling, experiencing the same want of confidence in myself and anxious terror I had felt on taking the larger dose. Had a metallic taste on my tongue, and a slight exudation of resinous saliva, or rather mucus, from my tongue. These symptoms lasted but an instant. Sept. 8th, 1866. — Took i gr. of the resin and procured following symptoms during following two d., — Itching in &ce, shoulder, abdomen, and feet, relieved by scratching. Frequent drowsiness. Drowsiness, with cold feeling of back of head and neck^ as though air blew thereon. Fulness and heaviness in forehead, with pressure at root of nose and over eyes ; headache over 1. eye ; dull hard pain in top of head ; pain in back of head 1. side. Seething or crisping of blood through brain, quick, like a flash of sheet lightning. Sensation as though muscles of face were drawn tightly around jaw. Drawings in muscles of mastication ; stinging in r. side of face as though stuck with pins i leaves on scratching, but comes again immediately on another part of body. Slight pain at back of eyeball. Pain and singing in 1. ear. Itching of nose continually. Pain in lower molar teeth r. side. Increased flow of thick, tasteless saliva. Slight but continual eructations of wind, tasteless. Pain in pit of stomach ; nervous grumbling sensation in stomach, coming on every few moments, and extending up into thorax. Disagreeable flatulent rumbling in the bowels at n. when lying down. No desire to urinate (ist d.). Continual desire to urinate (2nd d.}. Cold feeling in small of back and between shoulders. Sensation as though a red-hot iron rod was passed from sacrum up spine to the atlas, around occiput, over eyes from r. side stopping at 1. ear, leaving a feeling as if charred, taking 6 h. to perform the passage. Pain in front of arm and back of elbow. Itching of sole of foot; pain and itching in 1. leg just above knee. Nervous, restless feeling over whole body. Feeling of warmth over front of body and arms ; sweat on front of limbs, and moist feeling of wh<Je body, especially front; moist warmth of palms of hands.

d. Dec. 2nd, 1868, 11 o'clock a.m. Took 2 gr. Squire's extract of C. indica. Shortly after, cold feeling in stomach, very disagreeable, as though I had drunk cold water. From 1 to 2 p.m., frequent empty eructations of wind flavoured with C. 10 p.m., sharp pain in r. side of head, running from inner canthus of eye up back and out. Pain from bottom of orbit through brain and in ear. All afternoon had headache, pressing outwards over eye. Viscid mucus on tongue over whole upper sur&ce. Toneue and throat has a dry feeling, but no particular desire for water. Aching pain in leg, near 1. external malleolus, while lying on back, not when lying on side. 4th, 9 a.m., an icy coldness across

7a8

root of nose^ comes on when leaning forwards writing, goes away when moving about. 1 1 a.m,i> boring pain in r, parietal protuberance.

f. Jan. 13th, 1869, 6 a.m.— Took 3 gr. of same. Immediately on lying down again disagreeable rumbling in abdomen, as though looseness was coming on. Singing in 1. car. bringing pain in 1. ear. Boring pain in r, ear. Boring pain in r. lower molar teeth, better from pressure, worst from grinding them together. Bone pain in metatarso-phalangcal joint of r. foot. Cold burning (as from turpentine) in vermilion border of lip and point of nose, 1. side. Heavy frontal headache, in braiDi more to 1. side. Warm tingling sensation over whole 1. side of face. Cool burning stinging in inner corner and canthus of 1. eye and adjacent side of nose. 9 a.m., boring pain immediatclv above and back of r. ear. Dull pain in r. lower molar teeth. Stinging burning, as of a blister, on back part of tongue, r. side, at anterior pillar of fauces* Dry, feverish feeling of L nostril. 10 a.m., pain in r. upper jaw, at root of first molar tooth. 3 p.m., a well-marked burning line from lip to chin, straight down L side, as though it were a cicatrix. 14th. — Was wakeful all n. ; mild pleasant dreams ; cat naps. 6 a.m., before rising, considerable collection of thick mucus on tongue ; tongue feels dry, as if scalded. 4 p.m., pain very severe in outer edge of trapezius muscle. (Am, yourn, of Horn. Mat, Med,^ N.S,, j, n.)

J 9. About 3 p.m. I ate 3 or 4 dried buds of " gunjah," each being the size of a small nut. About 6 p.m» I felt a most unusual thrilling sensation passing through arms and chest, reminding me of the effects of a very weak induction current. The thrill gradually extended itself till it became general \ in fact, the usual symptoms of hemp intoxication had begun. I was immediately seized with an irresistible desire to be alone, and left my friends on some excuse, and went out of doors. After the first few breaths of fresh air, the tingling sensation increased most pleasantly, and I walked at the rate of 5 miles an h,, for I felt that I must walk. When I had walked 200 yards, all feeling of touch seemed to have disappeared. \ felt as if my body was composed of some immaterial essence, through which the blood, which seemed to be a shade less immaterial than the rest of the frame, was coursing rapidly. It seemed to me as if my veins, arteries, and blood had been suddenly endowed with feeling. Sometimes I fancied I could almost hear this extremely pleasant tingling of every fibre of the body. When I reached the park I sat down to enjoy my pleasurable sensations. The sense of touch had already disappeared or, rather, become modified. I touched nothing, felt nothing ; 1 accidentally struck my hand violently against a post, but though the blow left a large bruise behind it 1 did not feel it i all I knew was that my hand had been stopped in its movements on something* About this time my sense of time and distance left me. I seemed to have lived centuries since I left my friends. How long I really sat enjoying myself I know not, but it at last occurred to mc that I had better take the train home, I rose from the seat, and instantly found myself in a chemist's shop at the further end of a street asking for lemonade. The chemist left the shop to get it, and after he had apparently stopped away about ten h., I rushed out of the shop, cujsing his dilatoriness, for 1 was very thirsty. I sped along the street

at a furious pace, threading my way in and out the crowd most cleverly. All this time the thrilling sensation continued to increase, and everything I looked at seemed to glisten before my eyes. Presently it again occurred to me that I was thirsty, and I turned into a confectioner's, and asked for some tea. I had at first intended taking claret and water, but I thought the alcohol might interfere with the experiment. I sat down on nothing, laid my arm on a marble table made of nothing, and my feet touched nothing as they rested on the floor ; everything was etherealised. My pulse was not quickened, and the thrilling seemed to keep time with it. I was pretty warm, owing doubtless to my violent exercise. My brain was perfectly clear^ and I debated with myself a long time whether I should take the tea that was brought to me or not, not knowing what a disturbing effect it might have on the hemp. I argued, however, that all it would do would be to decrease the violence of my symptoms, which were increasing in strength every moment. In order to see how far my brain had been affected, I took up a paper, and found that by a very slight effort I could cease uking cognisance of the thrills^ and read and understand what I read with perfect ease, though the letters glistened every now and then with great brilliancy. I could also write with perfect steadiness. I tried numerous experiments with my memory and will, and found them both obedient ; the latter, however, was exceedingly skittish. My hearing, smell and taste were unaffected, except that near sounds seemed to come from an enormous distance. After leaving the shop, my sensations, though perfectly pleasurable, became somewhat alarming. What if I had taken too much ! What if I should die ! Prudence dictated an antidote, but I did not know of one. Who did ? Running through the list of my medical friends, it struck me that Dr. Lankester (the coroner) would be the best person for me to go to ; so I set off to his house at a furious pace, longing to be able to tell everybody I met that I was in an Indian hemp paradise. Had I been alone, I know I should have hurrahed or laughed boisterously, but I managed to restrain myself. When I neared his house, a most absurd thought entered my head. What if I died in Dr. L^ 's presence ! How in the name of all that was ridiculous could he^as coroner, possibly summon himself before himself, and listen to his own evidence as to the cause of my death ? This was a little too much for me^ and I laughed loudly and wildly till the tears ran down my face. When I recovered from my fit of laughter I gave up all ideas of antidotes. A wonderful change had taken place, the thrilling had diminished, and my brain had actually split into two halves, one of which was perfectly sane and the other in possession of the demon of hemp. I once more started for the train, my mad self thinking the most ridiculous thoughts, and continually urging my sane self to commit absurdities. I had an almost irresistible impulse to pull young ladies' hair, to shriek in old gentlemen's ears^ or to bonnet young ones, all in the purest good nature. After battling in this way for about 2 or 3 h. I at last found myself sitting quietly, my mad half thinking endless absurdities and my sane half quietly enjoying the fun. The gentle throbbing still continued, and appeared more audible than ever, and there was a slight oppression of the chest that found vent in

a heavy sigh now and then. The oppression manifested itself rather by a feeling of warmth in the locality of the diaphragm than by any positive pressure. The clock struck 7 p.m, and my train left at 7,30 p.m., so I stepped at once from where I was into the station, which was really some distance off. This was the second occasion upon which time and space had become annihilated^ and on both I had felt the need of extreme haste. At the station I met a friend^ and wc stood conversing at the carriage door for at least 10 m. My mad self was put down for the time, and my sane self exerted all his power. My friend noticed nothing strange in me. I found that I could read, think, and speak with perfect ease, in spite of the gambols of my madder half, and of the audible thrilling, the warm diaphragm, and the pleasant weight on my chest. My ride home in the train was most enjoyable ; the rattling of the carriages and the puffs of steam from the engine seemed to keep time with the throbbings of an immense soft ball of ethercalised velvet inside my chest, the pleasant thrilling of my whole body still keeping up, but somewhat more feebly. The mad fellow at my side was particularly ridiculous and entertaining. Towards the end of my journey he became very confused^ and would only half think his absurdities, breaking off in the middle in a very tantalising manner. Then came a period when he would think his thoughts over and over again, when he was in fact afflicted with a fit of mental stammering, I remember that it occurred to the sane man that the mad one had suddenly turned into a mental Dundreary. Then it struck one of us — I do not well know which — that Sothern must have thought out his great character under the influence of hascbisch. All this time I felt no pain or inconvenience. I had a mad fellow sitting by my side who amused me infinitely. My brain^ so to speak was polarised, and my veins ran with perceptible blood, both veins and blood being as ethereal and incorporeal as a halo. When I arrived home I was still enjoying my sensations, and had them more than ever under my control* I met my wife coming down the road with a scared (ace, and the thought instantly struck me that she knew all. Could my friend who gave me the drug have telegraphed to her ? While I was asserting my superiority over my mad companion she said, ^'I have had such a fright. What do you think Willie has been eating?" 'Good heaven I' I cried, utterly thrown off my balance, " What I Not haschisch V* ** No, only blacklcad,^* was the reply. This was the only time that I lost control over myself. My abnormal feelings gradually left me ; my blood became silent again and my veins sensation less ; the weight gradually left my chest, and the two halves of my brain coalesced. The rest of the c. I spent in perfect calm both of body and mind. I felt no other effects save the pleasurable feeling that one experiences after a very pleasant dream. [Chemist and Druggist, xi, 34.)

to gr. of haschish — it was an extract obtained from Hering, of London — were taken at 4 p.m. By 5 an indescribably ** queer'' feeling prevaded the whole body, and the experimenter started at once for his hotel. While going along a plank walk — just one board wide — every now and then, and suddenly, the r. leg would shoot to the I.^ mi»0ing the plank* After obierving this mut^cular freak a few times,

the attention was centred upon locomotion, with a view of preventing a repetition of the erratic mis-step. Out shot the leg again and again, defying volition, and invariably going over to the 1. On reaching the hotel, the friend who had supplied the haschisch was sitting on the piazza with three companions, all of whom were known to the experimenter. An ordinal y conversation was going on, to which we listened, and soon found ourself filled with surprise that we should have known the parties talking for so long a time, and never before have perceived how very witty they were. The desire to laugh at every remark made because it was so funny was repressed only because none of the others laughed. A sense of vague uneasiness and considerable oppression of the chest led us to call our friend aside^ tell him the haschisch was taken and ask to go at once to his room. Mounting the stairs increased the chest oppression and flushed the face. After lying upon the bed a dryness in the throat led to a request for water, which our friend went to obtain. When he returned and stood bv the bedside with it, he was greeted with a shout : — ^^ Whoop ! otand from under !" " What is the matter ?'* he inquired. The sound of his voice dispelled the illusion that the experimenter was a pump-log through which a stream of hot water was playing, and threatening the friend with a wetting. The deepening flush on our face alarmed our friend, who closed the window blinds, and, advising us to go to sleep, left the room saying he would soon be back. Finding our eyes closed on his return, he leaned upon one elbow on the bed beside us, and bending over said, "Doc/* We lay quiet, opened our eyes, and exclaimed very emphatically: "Take care! You're spilling me!" " What is the matter with you V he replied^ still leaning heavily on the bed. "Stupid, you will spill me!" was the answer. "You're fooling: What's the matter with you?" "Don't you see I'm an inkstand, and you'll have the ink all over the white counterpane?" " You're no such thing" was the equally emphatic reply of our friend. In the person of an inkstand, we opened and shut our brass coverit had a hinge — shook ourself, and both saw and felt the ink splash against our glass sides i and, angry at our friend's incredulity, turned with our face towards the wall, and would not speak a word with him. Then we very soon fell asleep, and did not awaken until late next m. While our illusions were very real, we were still conscious that they were silly and unreal ; that is, the sense of their unreality would come in a m. or two. An oppression of the chesty as if suffocation would surely supervene, was exceedingly disagreeable; and when we had fallen asleep the deeply flushed face alarmed our friend. He afterwards said the sleep was like that of one " dead drunk." For a long while after we were annoyed and alarmed by pains about the heart ; and with our present vague recollection of them we would not like to repeat that dose of haschisch. For fully two weeks after, when sitting in our office in the quiet summer afternoons, reading desultorily, we would hear most magnificent harmony, as if some master hand were playing an organ and using only the softer stops. There was this peculiarity about the hearing of the music^ namely, one must be in a state of half reverie, and then the divine strains, soft and marvellously sweety

73^

followed one another in a smoother legato than any human " fingering '* ever accomplished. If one roused the attention and strained the car as if to be sure of catching every chord — silence came at once. (S. A. Jones, A^, K Journ, of Hornby ii, 368.)

%, a. One of our companions, Dr. — , who had travelled much in the East, and was a determined opium eater, was the first to yield to the influence of the haschisch, having taken a much larger dose than the others. He saw stars in his plate, and the firmament in his soupdish J then turning his face to the wall, talked to himself, and burst into fits of laughter, with eyes flashing, and in the highest state of glee. I felt perfectly calm until dinner was over, although the pupils of the eyes of my other friends began to sparkle strangely, and acquire a most singular turquoise lint. The table being cleared, I {still having my senses) arranged myself comfortably with cushions on a divan to await the ecstasy. In a few m, a general lethargy overcame me. My body appeared to dissolve or become transparent. I saw the haschisch I had eaten distinctly within me, under the form of an emerald from which thousands of little sparks were emitted \ my eyelashes lengthened indefinitely, twisting themselves like golden threads around little ivory wheels, which whirled about with inconceivable rapidity. Around me were figures and scrolls of all colours, arabe<>ques, and flowing forms in endless variety, which I can only compare to the variations of the kaleidoscope. I still occasionally saw my companions, but they appeared disfigured — half men, half plants j now with the pensive air of an ibis, standing upon one leg, and again as ostriches, flapping their wings and wearing so strange an appearance that I shook with laughter in my corner ; and, as if to join in the buffoonery of the scene, I commenced tossing up my cushions, catching them as they descended, and twisting them round with all the dexterity of an Indian juggler. One of the gentlemen addressed a discourse to me in Italian, which the haschisch, by its extraordinary power, delivered to me in Spanish. Questions and answers were most rational, and touched on different matters, such as the theatres and literature.

b. The first stage drew towards its termination. After some m. I recovered my calmness without headache, or any of the symptoms which accompany the use of wine, and feeling very much astonished at what had elapsed, when I again fell under the influence of the haschisch. The vision this time was more complicated and extraordinary. Millions of butterflies, whose wings wafted like fans, flew about in the midst of a confused kind of light. Gigantic flowers with crystal calices, enormous hollyhocks, gold and silver lilies, arose and burst into flowers around me with a crackling sound like that of bouquets of fireworks. My hearing was prodigiously developed ; I could hear the iound of colour^ — green, red, blue, and yellow sounds struck me with perfect distinctness. A glass upset, the creaking of a chair, or a word spoken, however low, vibrated and resounded like rolling thunder \ my own voice appeared ^o loud that I durst not speak for fear of throwing down the walls or bursting like a bomb \ more than 500 clocks chimed the hour with their flute-like voices. Every object gave forth a note of the harmonicon or i^olian harp. I swam in an ocean of sound, wherein

some passages of the ^^ Lucia " and ^^ Barbiere " floated like little isles of light. Never before had I bathed in such beatitude. I was so encircled by its waves, so transported from all things earthly, so lost to self — that odious ever-present witness — that I comprehended for the first time what might be the existence of elementary spirits and angels, and souls released from this mortal coil. I was as a sponge in the midst of the sea ; every instant waves of happiness washed over me, entering and departing through the pores ^ for I had become permeable, and even to the smallest capillary vessel my whole being was filled with the colour of the fantastic medium in which I was plunged. Sounds, perfumes, and light reached me by multitudes of beams, delicate as a hair, through which I heard the magnetic current pass.

c. According to my calculation this state must have lasted for 300 years, for the sensations succeeded each other so rapidly and potently that the real appreciation of time was impossible. When the attack was over I perceived that it had lasted J h. What is very curious in the intoxicating effect of the haschisch is, that it is not continuous; it comes and goes suddenly — raises you to heaven, and places you again on earth, without any gradual transition. Like madness, it has its lucid intervals.

ii. A third attack, the last and strangest, terminated my Oriental soiree. In this, my sight was doubled. Two images of each object were reflected on my retina and produced a complete symmetry ; but soon the magic paste, being entirely digested, acted with more power on my brain, and I became completely mad for the space of an h. All kinds of Pantagruelic dreams passed through my ^fancy ; goatsuckers, storks, striped geese, unicorns, griffins^ nightmares, all the menageries of monstrous dreams, trotted, jumped, flew, or glided through the room. These wore horns terminating in foliage, webbed hands ; whimsical beings, with the feet of the armchair for legs, and dialplates for eyeballs ; enormous noses, dancing the cachuca, mounted on chickens' legs. For myself, I imagined 1 was the paroquet of the Queen of Sheba, and imitated, to the best of my ability^ the voice and cries of that interesting bird. The visions became so grotesque that I was seized with a desire to sketch them, which I did in 5 m. with inconceivable rapidity, on the backs of letters, cards^ or any piece of paper on which I could lay my hands. One of them is the portrait of Dr — , as he appeared to me, seated at the piano, dressed as a Turk, with a sun painted on the back of his vest. The notes are represented escaping from the instrument in the form of guns and spirals, capriciously intertwisted. Another sketch bears this inscription : ^^ An Animal of the Future.'^ It represents a living locomotive with a swan's neck terminating in the jaws of a serpent, whence issue jets of smoke, with two monstrous paws, composed of wheels and pulleys ; each pair of paws has a pair of wings, and on the tail of the animal is seated the Mercury of the ancients, who is confessing himself to be conquered, notwithstanding his heels. Thanks to haschisch^ I have painted from nature the portrait of a goblin. Even now I fancy I hear them whining and mowing at night in my old beauffet. (Thsophile Gautier, in Brierre de Boismont's Histoin dis Apparitions^ i^c.)

a. At Damascus, 1852. Took a teaspoonful of paste, made

from the dried leaves of C. indica^ sugar, and spices, soon after dinner in the e., letting it dissolve slowly on the tongye. After the lapse of an h* no change in feelings. Took another half teaspoonful, followed by a cup of hot tea. Not long afterwards a fine nervous thrill shot through me, accompanied with a burning sensation in epigastrium. It shot, throbbing along the nerves, to the extremities of the body. The sense of limitation — confinement of one's senses — instantly fell away. The walls of my frame were burst outwards and tumbled into ruin ; and without thinking what form I wore — losing sight even of all idea of form — I felt that I had existed through a vast extent of space. The blood pulsed from my heart sped through uncounted leagues before it reached to my extremities ; the air drawn into my lungs expanded into seas of liquid ether, and the arch of my skull was broader than the arch of heaven. Within the concave that held my brain were the fathomless deeps of blue ; clouds floated there, and the winds of heaven rolled them together, and there shone the orb of the sun* All sensa* tions, as they arose, suggested more or less coherent images. They presented themselves to me in a double form ; one physical, and therefore to some extent tangible \ the other spiritual, and revealing itself In a succession of splendid metaphors. The thrills which ran through my nervous system became more rapid and fierce, accompanied with sensations that steeped my whole being in unutterable rapture. I was encompassed by a sea of light, through which played the pure, harmo* nious colours that are born of light. I fancied myself at the foot of the pyramid of Cheops. I wished to ascend it, and was immediately there. Looking down it seemed built of plugs of Cavendish tobacco. Other and more wonderful illusions arose. I was moving over the desert in a barque of mother-of-pearl and studded with jewels of surpassing lustre. The sand was grains of gold, and my keel slid through them without jar or sound. The air was radiant with excess of light with no sun in view, and full of delicious perfumes, and harmonies floated around me. I revelled in a sensuous elysium, which was perfect ; and beyond all I was filled with a boundless feeling of triumph over the grandest as well as subtlest forces of nature. My feelings took a warmth and glow from that pure animal joy which degrades not, but spiritualises and ennobles our material part. The barque of pearl, the rainbows, the desert of golden 5iand vanished, and I was in a land of green and flowery lawns, divided by hills of gently undulating outline. But there was no water ; all were asking for water. Honey was drawn up in dripping pitchers. b. A remarkable fact was, that while 1 was most completely under the influence of these illusions, I knew myself to be seated in the tower of Antonio^s Hotel in Damascus, knew that I had taken haschisch, and that the gorgeous and ludicrous fancies were the eflFect of it. While gliding over the valley of the Nile and over the desert I saw the furniture and the mosaic pavement, the niches, the ceiling, and the couch, and my companions in the room. Both sensations seemed simultaneous and equally palpable, I felt the absurdity of my illusions* I was double, not " swan and shadow '* but rather Sphinx-like^ human and beast.

c. Later, the drug, which had been retarded by the influence of the dinner, began to make itself more powerfully felt. The visions were more grotesque and less agreeable; and there was a painful tension throughout my nervous system. I was twisted into various shapes, according to the ruling fancy, and yet convulsed with laughter at my own ridiculousness. Later still, my perceptions became more dim and confused — I felt that I was in the grasp of some giant force and grew earnestly alarmed at the terrible stress under which my frame was labouring more and more. A fierce and furious heat radiated from my stomach throughout my system ; my mouth and throat were dry and hard as if made of brass ; and my tongue seemed as if a bar of rusty iron. I seized a pitcher of water and drank long and deeply ; but I might as well have drunk so much air, for not only did it impart no moisture, but my palate and throat gave me no intelligence of having drunk at all. I stood in the centre of the room brandishing my arms convulsivelv, and heaving sighs. "Will no one," I cried, '* cast out this devil that has possession of me V^ I no longer saw the room, nor my companions, but I heard one of them saying, ^' It must be real ; he could not counterfeit such an expression as that ; but it don't look much like pleasure." In my ignorance I had taken haschisch enough for six men, as I afterwards learned. The excited blood rushed through my frame with a sound like the roaring of mighty waters. It was projected into my eyes until I could no longer see ; it beat thickly in my ears, and so throbbed in my heart that I feared the ribs would give way under its blows. I tore open my vest, placed my hand over the spot and tried to count the pulsations \ but there were two hearts beating, one at the rate of a thousand beats a m., and the other with a slow dull motion. My throat I thought was filled with blood, and the streams were pouring from my ears. I felt them gushing warm down my cheeks and neck. With a maddened, desperate feeling I fled from the room and walked over the flat terraced roof of the house. My body seemed to shrink and grow rigid as I wrestled with the demon, and my face to become wild, lean, and haggard. I fancied my head a fleshless skull ; I was tempted to leap from the parapet, but something pushed me back* I made my way back to my room in a state of keenest suffering. I was sinking deeper and deeper into a pit of unutterable agony and despair. The nerve-^tension gave me a sensa-

. tion of great distress. My will seemed to grow weaker — I felt I should soon be powerless in the hands of the demon. I had a mortal fear of insanity. I threw myself on the bed with the excited blood roaring wildly in my ears, my heart throbbing with a force that seemed to be rapidly wearing away my life ; my throat dry as a potsherd and my stiffened tongue cleaving to the roof of my mouth— resisting no longer^ but awaiting my fete.

d. The calls of my companion for help from me I was conscious of, but they only made me angry ; but, after a time, my senses became clouded and I sank into a stupor. This was about 5 h. after the haschisch began to take effect. I lay thus all the following d. and n., in a state of grey, blank oblivion, broken only by a single wandering gleam of consciousness. Unconsciously I arose, attempted to dress,

drank two cups of coffee, and then fell back into the same death-like stupor* On the m. of the ind d., after a sleep of 30 h., I awoke again to the world, with a system utterly prostrate and unstrung, and a brain clouded with the lingering images of my visions. I knew where I was and what had happened to me, but all that I saw still remained unreal and shadowy. There was no taste in what I ate^ no refreshment in what 1 drank, and it required a painful effort to comprehend what was said to me and return a coherent answer. A bath and acidulated drink helped to restore me ^ but for several d. I had spells of mental absence, so that slowly my double life disappeared. For some time I had no courage, nor energy for days. {Bayard Taylor, Lands afthe Saracen^ p. 133,)

Mr, Carter Harrison, the travelling companion of Mr. Taylor, at same time and in like doses took the haschisch. No mention of his symptoms, objective or subjective, is made till about midnight, when Mr. Taylor says : '' There was a scream of the wildest laughter, and my countryman sprang upon the floor, exclaiming, ' Oh, ye gods ! I am a locomotive!' This was his rulling hallucination \ and for the space of 2 or 3 h, he continued to pace to and fro with a measured stride, exhaling his breath in violent jets, and when he spoke dividing his words into syllables, each of which he brought out with a jerk, at the same time turning his hands at his sides, as \f they were the cranks of imaginary wheels. Later, he cried out to me that he was dyings implored me to help him and reproached me vehemently, because I lay silent, motionless, and apparently careless of danger. '' Mr. Harrison recovered more rapidly than Mr. Taylor, {ihid.)
I took 40 min. of tinct., which caused little more effect than inclination to rub eyelids and some indisposition to exertion. Next d., took 80 min. ; my spirits in an h. afterwards were much elevated j eyeh*ds felt oedematous \ imagined that some object was near to me which was not in room, so much so as to start from my seat under the delusion j pulse, usually 70, was 90 ; I was obliged to feel it several times in order to ascertain it. The most marked effect was that my recollection (not memory) intermitted regularly about every 2 m., so that while \n conversation I was obliged to stop speakings from a momentary total loss of the subject, but the link would be perfectly restored when

2 or 3 m. had elapsed. In 4 or 5 h. this phenomenon gradually disappeared, and was succeeded by a sense of languor and great inclination

^ to assume the lowest possible horizontal position, accompanied by sensation of being bitten m many parts of the body by some insect. There was most disagreeable feeling of distension (as if with water) in abdomen J all secretions increased, and especially from mucous membrane of bronchi* Feelijig of distension lasted several d. {Crosse, Prcv. Mid, and Surg, journ,^ 1843, P- ^7^0

25, I have often taJcen from 20 — 30 dr. of the ethereal tinct., and generally, in | h., feeling allied to early stage of intoxication came on ; ideas passed with great rapidity; everything was then forgotten, and usually a hearty laugh followed, whole occupying a m. No effect would then be felt for 3 — 5 m., when same symptoms recurred* After

3 gr. of extr., above feelings came on in i h. ; after 1 h,, alternating

states were marked by cheerfulness and depression. I felt myself getting more and more bound ; I intensely tried to throw off the load, to command my thoughts, but could not. This state continued more or less for I h., with no inclination to move. A sudden but slight giddiness came on ; a desire to drink something cold. I took a glass of cold water, and was suddenly impelled to run round room on hands and knees, and in this way got to front door^ instinctively seeking cold. This fit lasted 2 m., when I recovered perfect consciousness for about same period, and again was impelled to same actions. I was less lost in succeeding fits than in first ; lucid intervals were also less distinct. I roamed ^ h. on hands and feet in open air, all the time conscious of what I did, but without desire to do otherwise, actions being instinctive. After this, for 10 m., I recovered, re-entered house, explained cause, and went off in hysterical laughing and crying for a few m. For i h. after this I suffered great susceptibility of mind, was distressed beyond measure at any suggestions my friends made as to coming into the house, &c. This sensitiveness was the most striking of the phenomena. I most earnestly implored in the softest whisper that no request or suggestion should be made. Loud speaking was too great an effort. The rapid thoughts, in most confused order of succession, so instantly forgotten, were very painful. I made strongest efforts to fix attention to some train of thoughts in mind, or in conversation with another, but without avail. This sute lasted I h. (**M.D.," Med. Times and Gaz,, iv, 273 (1852).)

Several pupils (of the Calcutta Medical College) tried resin on themselves. The result of several experiments was that in doses of gr. ^ pulse was increased in fulness and frequency, surface of body glowed, appetite became extraordinary, vivid ideas crowded mind, unusual loquacitv occurred, and, with hardly an exception, great aphrodisia existed. One pupil took 10 dr. of tinct. = gr. ^ of resin. In 20 m. a shout of laughter ushered in the symptoms, and cataleptic rigidity occurred for 2 or 3 m. I found him enacting the part of a rajah, giving orders to his courtiers ; he could recognise none of his acquaintances, all to his mind seemed as altered as his own condition ^ he spoke of many years having passed since his student days, described his teachers and friends with a piquancy which a dramatist would envy, detailed the adventures of an imaginary series of years^ his travels, his attainment of wealth and power ; he entered on discussions on religious, scientific, and political topics, with astonishing eloquence, and displayed an extent of knowledge and reading, and a ready apposite wit« which was quite unexpected. For more than 3 h, he maintained the character he at first assumed, and with a degree of ease an9 dignity perfectly becoming his high situation. This state ended as suddenly as it commenced. (O'Shaughnessy, Prov. Med. and Surg. Journ.^ 1846.)

a. At 8 p.m. took 6 gr. of ** Hering's alcoholic extract of cannabis indica.'' At 9 went to bed, feeling as well as usual. At precisely 12 p.m. awoke suddenly and fully. Room was dark^ still location of every article about me seemed perfectly plain ^ I could read titles of books upon a table 12 or 15 feet off. Although urine had been voided on retiring a great desire was felt to pass more, which I essayed to do, but

could scarcely retain it until the vessel could be got ready. The length of time occupied in urinating seemed days instead of seconds. As much was passed as is usually collected during whole n. As soon as I had accomplished this feat, for it seemed indeed a great undertaking, the clairvoyant-like vision left me, and I felt unable to raise my hands, the feeling being as if a weight was upon my forearm. The head felt light, the mind remarkably active, and yet apparently sluggish. Had a feeling of duality. One of my minds would be thinking of something while the other would laugh at it ^ a quick transition of the ideas of one mind to the other. I laughed at the idea of laughing and could not control myself- I closed my eyes and tried to think of something solemn* Suddenly I felt as if I were a marble statue, I had no ability to move, and a chill ran over me. By a great exertion I moved my hand and felt my face j it felt hard j there was no sensation in the face, but to the hand it felt stony, I made an effort to throw it off by getting out of bed, and by a determined will I looked at my watch j it was 10 m, past 12. I lay down in despair i onlv lom. had elapsed, and 1 thought days or at least hours had gone by. My pulse began to throb heavily and my head to be dizzy. I sprang from my bed like a maniac and struck a light, took my watch and began to count my pulse, just one beat at each second ; but when the m. had elapsed I could not remember how many I had counted. I again went to bed, and fell asleep. In m. my eyes were swollen and inflamed, pupils contracted, head dizzy* A cup of strong coffee relieved the dizs&iness. During d* was occasionally absent-minded and dreamy, but otherwise was as well as usual.

b. At another time, 9 a.m., I took 10 gr. of the same extract, and in exactly 4 h. I felt the characteristic thrill produced by the drug. This time I took more particular notice of the results, and also had the assistance of others to note my actions. The same apparent clairvoy* ance was present, that is, I saw, or fancied I saw, articles in another room, but the sensation was of short duration. The symptoms already described were present. As I attempted to walk my feet felt heavy, my hands were with difficulty raised, the forearm felt as if kept down by weights. A slight dry cough troubled me, 1 had great craving for water, but a single swallow passing down my throat gave sensation as of holding my mouth under a cataract ; a spasm came upon me with a sensation of fear or dread, but this was only for an instant. My mouth was dry and frothy. The cough became harder, but still dry, almost like a bark. I had a discharge from bowels about 1 h. after feeling" thrill *' spoken of and in 4 h. another. They were thin, yellow, and painless. The diarrhoea increased, a heat pervaded the abdomen internally, and frequent discharges of this kind followed, but entirely without pain.

c. Frequent trials were made with the drug, each time increasing the dose, until the last, when 56 gr. were taken. The same general symptoms were present each time, except that the last dose did not have any effect.

</. A large number of my friends (about 30) tried the drug, most of them under my eye, and the same result was invariably obtained^ vis&. clairvoyance j heaviness of the forearm and feet s hard, dry cough ^

desire for and dread of water ; some had tetanic spasm at moment water was taken, others had some frothing at the mouth. A painless yellow diarrhoea was present in every case \ eyes dull and swollen ; heavy frontal headache ; loss of appetite. All persons were relieved of their symptoms as fast as the effect of drug had passed off, which was usually in from 10 to 24 h. One or two were a little constipated for a fewd. Coffee almost instantly relieved headache following. Some had great fear^ at times, of things either real or unreal, and a^ other times the mind wandered into delightful realms.

e. Two ladies whom I persuaded to try the drug took 10 gr. each, and experienced same general symptoms \ but they had in addition very profuse menstruation which lasted 5 d. At another time, several months after, they tried it again with the same result. They had always menstruated regularlv ; ooe had never any uterine or vaginal troubles. (G. M. Pease, M.D., N. Engl. Med. 6az.^ i, 204.)

II. Poisonings, — 1. Air. C— took gr. ss of ext. about 4 p.m. ; at 4.30 same ; at 4.45 gr. j ; at 5 and 5.15 gr. ij. Took tea as usual at 6.30. At 7.30 noticed that he gave wrong change to a customer, and felt somewhat nervous and dizzy. A few m. afterwards went out on an errand, felt irresistible inclination to run -, at same time sense of contraction of entire genito-urinary system, and great desire to micturate, with much strangury on doing so ; also excessive dryness of fauces, coming on suddenly and with much thirst. On returning to his place of business found it impossible to keep still, on account of irresistible desire to be constantly on his feet. At this point I first saw him, and found him walking at quick pace, almost on his toes, round a room about 8 ft. square. Within a few m. spasms supervened, during which at times flexors and extensors, at times abductors and adductors of whole body were thrown into violent alternate action. While sitting in a chair, one m. his feet would beat a tattoo on the floor, and the next his knees beat violently together. Spasms increased in severity and frequency for ^ h., and then gradually diminished, after emesis had been induced. He could, by strong exercise of will^ restrain spasms, but on fresh access they were much more violent. They were unaccompanied by pain, but after a time he experienced sense of weariness, as after spasms of tetanus. He describes his mind as being ^^dull" and somewhat confused, but without any loss of consciousness. Only once was there any mental disturbance, when he thought vomitus was head of hippopotamus, and again, a bunch of earthworms. He noticed that if anything ludicrous were said or done, or any idea suggested which required more than most common exercise of mind, spasms were considerably intensified. Senses of vision and feeling somewhat diminished ; tinnitus aurium ; conjunctiva much congested. Pulse at 8.30 about 140, somewhat irregular in character and frequency; at 10 it was 90. After an emetic symptoms passed off in 24 — 30 h. (F. H. Browne, Bost, Med. and Surg, Journ,^ Ixvii, 291.)

Surgeon, second officer, and Custom-house officer on a ship (at Calcutta) took some extract, to experience stimulant and exhilarating action only ; dose was too strong, and I learnt from the surgeon that they had about 3 gr. each. They were in sute of collapse. Stimulants

soon roused the doctor. Second officer required external and internal stimulants and cold affusions, and the poor Custom-house officer, being weaker, had nearly succumbed ; it took 2 h, before he was out of danger with the aid of turpentine enema, cold affusions, ammonia, and constant moving about. Next d. they all had headache and lassitude. Effects seemed to be same as those of opium j contracted pupil, pale, clammy countenance, and stupor unless roused, [Lmd, and Ed, Med. Journ.^ xiv, 270.)

A young Hindu was admitted about 4 p.m., April 5th. He was in the habit of smoking bhang or gunjah, and had smoked it that m. His symptoms were^— total insensibility ; sensation completely in abeyance \ no reflex action could be excited by tickling soles or by pinching skin, nor was latter felt ; eyes were open and fixed vacantly, pupils natural ; jaw fixed and immoveable ; mouth closed* The arms could be flexed or extended easily, but \n whatever position they were placed they remained ; thus when stretched out in front of him, or when placed vertically above head, they remained in that position until moved again. Lower extremities, too, could be placed in any position, and remained so. In spite of douches and other local measures, he continued in same condition till 8th, when he lay as it were asleep, breathing calmly; eyeballs turned upwards \ muscles of arms and legs quite relaxed j very slight reflex action when soles are pinched or tickled \ loudest calling or roughest shaking does not rouse. Seven h. later I found him being led about by two friends, moaning incessantly, and with difficulty prevented from putting hands into mouth, apparently to bite them ; continually opening and shutting mouth. Two d. subsequently there were signs of returning consciousness; he could \»e roused by calling to him in a very loud voice, when he turned towards speaker, but then relapsed into same condition, and walked to and fro, moaning continually. Next d. consciousness was regained, but he had lost all recollection of what had occurred from m. of day of admission. (Mid. Times and Guz,, xviii, 135 (1859),)
Mrs. S — , et, 31, suffering from spasmodic asthma, had same symptoms twice after dose of 30 min. of rinct. Head became giddy, then came drawing pain at chest, later at heart. Next pinching pains in flesh of body, and bearing-down pains in loins ; and bowels and bladder acted with force. Then tongue became swollen and drawn to roof of mouth ; flesh felt puffed all over, and tmglcd. Then retching came on ; then continual yawning, with a shiver ; then she felt as if she wanted to be held tight, as m hysterics, power of speech seemed lost, and all sounds heard seemed to be at a distance. So it continued 5 or 6 h., head being very bad all the time, with noises in ears i and when it was laid down it felt heavy, with a hot swimming coming over it repeatedly. She then fell into an unnaturally deep sleep, lasting all n, ; after which, having taken a little coffee, same symptoms continued

• «* Dr. Simpson said at the Edinb. Obstetrical Society, July» 18 5o» that C. Ind, was oxytocic. I have noticed the uterine contractionsi acquire great increase of strength and frequency iminediately on taking dnig, or 4 — 5 m. afterwardti. In 7 cases out ot 16 to which I gave it it proved oxytocic." (McGrigor, MonthLJourn, qf Mid. Si,, i«5z,p, 1*4.)

Cannabis indica. 741

more or less during d. till they gradually went off. (H. Dobell, Ibid.^ 1863, ii, 245.)

Three Hindu patients sufFering from rheumatism (two acute, one chronic) each took i gr. of resin in solution at 2 p.m. At 4 it was reported that one of them was becoming very talkative, singing songs, calling loudly for extra supply of food, and declaring himself in perfect health. At 6 he was falling asleep ; at 8 he was lying on his cot quite insensible. On raising his arm it remained in the altered position ; he was in a state of catalepsy, perfectly pliant and stationary in whatever position we placed him, no matter how contrary to the natural influence of gravity on the part. He was almost insensible to all impressions ; gave no sign of understanding questions ; could not be roused. A sinapism to stomach gave no pain. Pharyngeal muscles acted freely in deglutition of a stimulant medicine. The second patient had meanwhile been roused by the noise, and seemed vastly amused at the strange aspect and statue-like attitudes in which the first had been placed ; when on a sudden he uttered a loud peal of laughter, and exclaimed that four spirits were springing with his bed into the air. In vain we tried to pacify him ; his laughter became momentarily more and more uncontrollable. We now observed that the limbs were rather rigid, and in a few m. more his arms or legs could be bent and would remain in any desired position. He did not complain of an v pain from a sinapism ; but his intoxication led him to such noisy exclamations that he was removed to a separate room. Here he soon became tranquil, his limbs in less than an h. gained their natural condition, and in 2 h. he said he was perfectly well and excessively hungry. The first patient remained cataleptic till i a.m., when consciousness and voluntary motion quickly returned ; and by 2 a.m. he was in exactly the same state as the second. The third man had no symptoms ^ he was accustomed to smoke gunjah in his pipe. (As 3.)
A woman took for neuralgia about r. orbit 45 drops of tinct. of resin (gr. iij to 3J) every morninewhen pains began. It made her feel a little light-headed ; there was also intense itching round orbits and over body and extremities, especially lower ones ; itching round orbits is referred to numerous close-set points, elsewhere the points are distant. Itching very intense for several h. after dose, afterwards gradually diminishes, but is felt at distant parts of surface 20 h. after dose. (Lynch, Prov. Med, and Surg, Joum.j vi, 9.)

III. Experiments on animals, — i. M. Lieutaud found that the preparations ot hemp invariably produced in carnivorous animals and fish a sort of intoxication, manifested by oscillating movements, dulness and sluggishness, while herbivorous animals offer no sign of its influence in whatever dose it is administered. The experiments made by O'Shaughnessy gave essentially the same results, and those performed by Mabillat led to a similar concKision. (Still£.)

Volume II — Appendix

Cannabis indica.*-P. 715, 1. 22, for " feet " read " foot." L. 4 from bottom, after " this " add " condition of heart." P. 716, 1. 32. For this sentence substitute " Remembered events that had happened, ideas that had passed through his mind when a child, as about toys." L. 44, after" short " insert a comma. L. 46, for " I p.m." read " 1 a.m."I

P. 717, 1. 20, for " talked nonsense and" read " knew he was talking nonsense, but," :

Volume IV — Appendix

CANNABIS INDICA.

(SeevoJ. i, p. 713.)

II. 7. Dr. G. A. R — took | gr. of extract while suffering: hemicrania. Not long after he suddenly realised that he had become wholly oblivious of his surroundings, and knew not how long he had been so. Then he had a ^ccuUm U^ht feeling In head. His kiw«*

5*9

fbltlike frictionless hinges, and his legs a weight of lead j there was a Jfnngc feeling of numbness all over body. Next had a feeling of great satis/action with himself and all the world, laughing without cause. Time passed slowly ; i m. seemed like 15, intervals between words »Poken in conversation seemed like a m. in length. At times he forgot tne presence of his companion. In answering remarks, he forgot the beginning of a sentence before he ended it. His eyes were wide open and staring, and he had a vacant expression in his face. During these t'oicsof forgetfulness he had also violent shiverings. In driving home the horse seemed 20 feet away from him. The sides of the street •seemed blocks away. Although the temperature was below 0° F,, he ">d not mind it as much as usual. When he retired he slept soundly. T"be effects of the drug lasted until noon of the following d. During "Je m. he found it difficult to concentrate his mind, even on the reading of the newspaper. [Monthly Horn. Rev.., xxx, 429.)

a. A patient, who some years before had had syphilis, came to

*»*e Dec. i6th, greatly alarmed, declaring that he again had a syphilitic

eruption. I discovered, on examination, that the cutaneous surface of

•^^e lower portion of the abdomen, back, hips, and thighs was covered

^■>th lesions in groups, which he could not avoid scratching, even when

subjected to inspection. These lesions were hot, irritable, pea-sized,

flattened, rose-coloured boutons, or urticarial papules, with scratch

"nes evident between them. With a half inch lens I could discover

•^o central punctum, though here and there were minute blood-scales

^'i the summit, the result of the wounds inflicted bv the finger-nails.

J suspected that the disorder had originated in the oites of the cimex

**^tularius ; and, when questioned, the patient admitted that he had

•"ccenlly slept at a country inn, where he had been greatly disturbed

° during the night, as well as his fellow traveller who shared his bed. He

5'^cn remembered that each had discovered the eruption in the morning.

hcsc accidents subsided in a few days, after an alkaline bath and the

*PpIication of a lead lotion. The incident is mentioned here in order

**^ illustrate the fact that I was dealing with a patient whose skin was

P^c-iiliarly susceptible to irritation.

b. On 8th Jan. last, Mr. F. again called upon me in alarm, in- '?P5-"K ^''^^ ^'^'s ^'"^ certainly^ he exhibited the evidences upon his ^«i of a fresh explosion of syphilis. Upon examination, I discovered "^t the surface of the scalp, face, ears, neck, chest, dorsum, abdomen, *H«i extremities, including the palms and soles, was covered with an ^'"'Jption of strictly disseminated vesicles, nowhere arranged in groups, »n Various stages of development.

f. Dr. L. a. Duhring, of Philadelphia, recently described, in a ^••oicaJ lecture delivered at the Hospital of the University of Phila- "=lphia, the peculiarities of a bullous eruption, due to the iodide of P|-*^a5sium, occurring in a patient affected with eczema. The description given of the lesions is admirably exact, and it is interesting in this connection to note the points of resemblance and dissimilarity between '^c induced phenomena in the two cases. In the following particulars *"c eruption in the case of the two patients displayed similar features ; • Mtdical and Surgical Rtporttr, Aug. 4th, 1877, p. 89.

^01. IV. 34

the vesicles were generally elevated above the surface of the skin from one-half to two lines, were roundish in shape, tensely distended by their contents, and contained a clear serous fluid, no blood or pus. They were, when mature, well-formed, persistent, showed no diipo&ition to rupture, even when firmly pressed upon, and were yellowishgray in colour, having a glistening look due to the external surface of the cap>sule of each. They were implanted upon a slightly reddened base without peripheral areola, and existed in every stage of develop* ment to complete maturity. When ruptured (some had been fmrposely ruptured by the patient himself), a moderately large drop of clear serum exuded. The integument upon which they were seen wm neither oedematous nor infiltrated. But in the following particular! the eruption in the caseof the two patients differed : in that here reported, the lesions varied in size from pin-point to small split-pea, and were in no case larger. They did not coalesce so as to form bullae ; indeed, were not closely packed, as interspaces of a diameter of two inches could be occasionally observed. There were hence no coalition septa, norwert puncta to be seen imbedded in any, like boiled sago grains. They were slightly acuminate rather than flattened, and in no instance urn* bilicated. When first examined, none were in phase of retrogression, and were thus neither shrivelled nor macerated. The incipient lesions were not suggestive of miliaria — the condition in which minute vesicles appear upon the surface, like scattered seed-pearls. On the contrary, the papular origin of each was quite distinct, many papulovesicular forms showing upon the lower extremities. The eruption was symmetrical, but yet more abundantly developed upon the upper than upon the lower segment of the body.

d. When the eruption subsided, as it did to a marked degree in a few days without treatment, the vesicles shrivelled without bursting, and left neither ulcer nor scab, merely a light desquamative crust of yellowish-red hue, which left, after falling, a transitory hypcracmia of the surface. The patient complained of a moderate degree of itching, which in no sense compared with that from which he suffered when affected with the pruriginous boutons described above. He readily controlled the effort to scratch, and even complained, when his scalp was handled, of a certain degree of tenderness and soreness there. Here, as also upon the legs, palms, and soles, were many abortive lesions, but several fully-developed vesicles could be seen upon the scalp. Tht facial vesicles presented a peculiarly livid appearance during the time of this examination. It was due to the intense mental agitation of the patient, the surface of the skin of the face being engorged with blood. He had not forgotten his old syphilitic papules in the same locality, which betrayed his secret to many unskilled observers.

/. The disease was readily differentiated from eczema by the fact of the permanent character of the vesicles, and the absence of any evidence of dermatitis. The failure to recognise the " boiled-sag(^ grain " appearance, and the absence of sweating, excluded dyiiircsii— the disease which Drs. Fox, Liveing, Tav and Tweedy have of late been vigorously discussing in the British Medical Journal,* The • y'tdi Nos. fot Dec. %v\», i^vVt, and %^^, %iT,MidQf Ian. 5th and nth, 1I7

absence of concentric arrangement, as pointed out by Dr. Duhring in his case, forbade confusion with herpes tris. The absence of fever and failure of development into pustules excluded the supposition that the disease of the skin had been induced by either variola or varioloid, though unquestionably there are forms of the last-named disease, such as the so-called '* horn-pox," which it would be difficult to differentiate, especially in cases where there had been no precedent febrile state. The straw-coloured ** stuck-on '* scabs of impetigo contagiosa were not observed. Uniformity of lesion, absence of itching with nocturnal ^^aggravation, and the extent of the disease, were not characteristic of scabiesy while the distribution of the lesions precluded the possibility that they were induced by zoster,

f. An important question remained : Were the lesions produced by syphilis ? I had no hesitation in deciding that the eruption was in no way associated with the syphilitic diathesis undoubtedly present in this case, although I am aware of the fact that my position on this point will probably be disputed by many. My reasons for this decision may be briefly given as follows :

(i) Vesicular lesions are rare in syphilis. Lancereaux,* in his voluminous treatise, devotes but little more than one page to their consideration. Bassereau observed, in all, but twelve cases. I can recall but two cases of distinctly and purely vesicular syphilis, observed during more than fourteen years' experience of the disease, and in neither of these were the lesions similar to those described above.

(2) The character and behaviour of the vesicles in this patient were not those peculiar to the specific forms. In the three varieties described in most of the text-books (" varicellar," ** eczematous," and ''herpetic" — inexact terms at the best) there is usually a history of either faint umbilication, transformation into pustular lesions, areoix of congestion or inflammation, segregation into groups, localisation in or about the hair follicles, indurated and copper-coloured base, sequence of scabs, scales, ulcers, or cicatrices, or obscurity of cause. Without particularising, it will be seen that these were not phenomena noted in the case under consideration.

(3) The patient in this instance had survived that period of syphilis in which we look for superficial, symmetrical, and short lived cutaneous manifestations. It is true that Wilson has described a corymbiform vesicular syphilide, occurring as a late symptom in tertiary or neoplastic st^;es of the disease. But in his patients the lesions were small red papules, vesicular at the summit merely, occurring in patches made up of more or less concentric segments of circles.

g. For these reasons it seemed to me that the eruption in this instance could have been produced only by some of the irritant ingesta. The patient had not taken the potassium iodide for several months before the occurrence of the disorder. Just prior, however, to the discovery of the lesions of the skin, a friend had given him, for the purpose of relieving pain in the chest, two of the gelatine-coated granules manufurtured by Messrs. McKesson and Robbins, of New York, containing each a half grain of the extract of cannabis indica. • Tn^idt la SjpMt, Paris, il^l^

53*

He had taken these in the evening, and soon after, commencing to fed drowsy, he had retired to bed. He passed the night in a heavy, dreamless sleep, having been much exhausted during the previous d»y by necessary attention to his business. In the morning the eruption was perceptible over the surface of his body.

h. In a few days, as has been already stated, without the administration of other remedies than a gentle laxative, the eruption entirely disappeared. The patient remained at rest in his house for three days, merely dusting some finely powdered starch over those portions of the skin exposed to the air or undue friction of the clothing. (J. N. Hyde, A', r. Med. Record, May nth, 1878.)

In the course of the m. I had prescribed for a gentleman of the age of 48 a mixture containing twenty minims of the Pharmacopoeia! tincture of cannabis indica for migraine and lassitude. He was of an excitable temperament, nervous about himself, and particularly anxious not to be laid up just then, on account of some important business engagements. In the early afternoon I received a telegram, asking me to see him at his residence as soon as possible, and then learnt that after leaving my house he had gone to the city, had had the prescription made up, and had taken "a dose." Very shortly afterwards he had felt giddy and faint, and had had great difficulty in reaching the underground railway even with assistance. He had complained of much palpitation and anxiety, and said he was almost unable to stand. After telegraphing to me, he had gone to bed and fallen into a deep sleep. When I saw him he was excited and nervous, although saying he felt better than on going to bed ; the pulse was still rapid and compressible, but there were no indications of any other disturbance of the nervous system ; upon being reassured about the cause and prognosis, he speedily became quieter, and complained of hunger, got up, dressed, and went down to dinner. I was at first much puzzled at such marked effects from an ordinary dose, but upon asking to see the medicine bottle found the explanation. Having no glass at hand when taking the medicine, he had recklessly drunk from the bottle and had swallowed about two doses and a half, equivalent to about fifty minims. He has since taken the ordinary dose on several occasions, not only without any toxic effects, but with marked relief of migraine and of the ordinary symptoms of business worry. (Nestor Tirard, Lanttt, 1890, i, 723.)
a. Dr. Smyth Williams took C. i. for neuralgia, in fluid extract. Getting no effect from 20 dr., he took first 355 and then ^iss •^latter dose as he went to dinner at 6 p.m. After dinner he went to his study to work. " All at once," he writes, " it seemed that I saw the letters I was looking at in a somewhat indistinct manner. They were faintly marked, and wavering, as if they moved about over the

page. Looking around me, the room seemed as if filled with mill, ly head felt as if floating in air. My heart beat with unwonted force and frequency ; I took out my watch and succeeded with much effort in counting my pulse, which I found to be 120 ; I could hear and feel the heart. I now first thought of the C. i. After a few m. the sight cleared and the mind regained its lucidity ; but the cardiac symptoms

increased, and the heart at length reached 150 beats per m., these being, however, less strong in proportion. I began to feel oppression and malaise, and, having sent for a colleague, went to bed. My friend vainly tried to count my pulse, so rapid and thread-like had it become. I myself felt as if my heart were compressed and bloodless, vibrating with extreme rapidity, and ready at any moment to stop. I felt, however, quite calm."

b. Vomiting was induced by the finger, and digitalis and veratrum viride administered. This was about 8 o'clock. The heart now |;radually quieted down, and at 9 pulse could be counted, and was found 130. An h. after he fell asleep, and did not wake till m., when he felt well but weak. It was 2 — 3 d. ere his heart regained its natural action. It should be stated that the organ had some degree of hypertrophy, compensatory of a mitral lesion, and accordingly beat normally at the rate of 90 per m. {Therapeutic Gazette^ Jan., 1885.)

Volume IV — Supplement

CANNABIS INDICA. (See vol. i, p. 713; vol. iv, p. 528.) f 11, I took about noon a pill containing } gr. of extr. At 1.301 had lunch without alcohol in any form. Soon after this, while arrangt ing a few photographs, I found myself much puzzled at what I was ] doing, and got utterly bewildered among them, The symptoms therea upon became established, and lasted till about 7 p.m.—that is to say, a for about 5 h, they were characterised by absolute forgetfulness of the nn thought, or speech, or act of the previous moment. I would, for I ‘example, be startled by hearing as it were the echo of the last words of a sentence I had spoken without knowing what it was about ; or, A having proposed to go for a walk, I would meet my companion at the

ict-door and wonder why we were there. These symptoms came in bouts, which lasted a few m., and were separated by periods -ly free from them, — the intervals increasing in length. There was unusual or unpleasant feeling in the head, or any exaltation of rits, and, save for the blanks of forgetfulness^ a perfectly clear mind, ich rendered the symptoms none the less alarming. My conversa- 1 and behaviour seemed quite natural to others. At one time I k1 lying down, but thought succeeded thought only to be immedi- Ij blotted out, producing a most unpleasant effect and no inclina- D to sleep. (S. L. D., Lancet^ Aug. 22nd, 1891.)

Cannabis indica

Volume I — Main text

Volume II — Appendix

Volume IV — Appendix

Volume IV — Supplement

Cannabis indica στο Ρεπερτόριο του Kent

Περισσότερα ομοιοπαθητικά φάρμακα σε αυτό το βιβλίο

Εξερευνήστε την πλήρη πλατφόρμα Similia

Cannabis indica στο Ρεπερτόριο του Kent

Περισσότερα ομοιοπαθητικά φάρμακα σε αυτό το βιβλίο