Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Jatropha manihot, L.) [The bitter variety is poisonous, differing from the sweet, as bitter from sweet almonds (the difference probably due to the presence of hydrocianic acid); botanically, the two varieties are alike.]

Nat. order , Euphorbiaceæ.

Common name , Sweet or bitter cassada or cassava.

Preparation , Tincture of the root.

Authorities.

1, 2, 3 , Reil, Journ. f. Pharm., Tox., and Therap., 1, 586; review of Michiel de Keyzer, Inaug. dis., "Bydrage tot de Kennis van het Blauwzuur," 1856, poisoning of two boys and a girl, aged respectively 3, 4, and 6 years; 4 , ibid., poisoning of a negro by the juice; 5 , Dr. Barham, general statement of symptoms of poisoning, Pharm, Journ., 5, 29, 1846; 6 , Mure, Pathogénésie Brésilienne, effects from an ounce dose of the expressed juice of the root, by J. V. Martins.

MIND

Emotional.
At times, painful weeping, with grinding of the teeth, 3.
Sadness, 6.
Wakes in bad humor (second day), 6.
Intellectual.
She seemed to have some consciousness, as was shown by the look of her eye when her name was called aloud, 3.
Senseless and unconscious, with ice-cold hands and feet, pale, sunken face, half-closed eyes, dilated pupils, half-opened mouth, full of saliva, respiration very slow, almost imperceptible, action of the heart intermitting, scarcely perceptible, anus relaxed, wide open, limbs relaxed, 1, 2.
He fell to the ground unconscious, with loud cries and convulsions, 4.

HEAD

Dizziness (second day), 6.
Giddiness of the head, 5.
Weight in the head, especially the top of the forehead, at 4 P.M. (second day), 6.
Pain in the forehead and nasal fossæ (fourth day), 6.

EYE

Pain within the orbits, 6.
Dimness of sight, 5.
Optical illusions (fourth day), 6.

EAR

Noise in the ears, extending to the occiput, like letting off steam (third day), 6.

MOUTH

Clammy mouth, with bad breath (third day), 6.
Bitter mouth (fourth day), 6.

THROAT

Sense of swelling in the left tonsil (second day), 6.
Pain at the velum palati, 6.
Slight feeling of dryness in the œsophagus, 6.

STOMACH. [20.]

Appetite when beginning breakfast, but it suddenly ceases after taking a little milk (second day), 6.
Thirst, 6.
Eructations at 6.30 A.M., 6.
Violent vomiting and purging, 5.
Heaviness in the stomach all night, relieved by applying the hands (fourth day), 6.
Slight weight in the stomach, 6.
Pain and sickness of the stomach, 5.
Slight dull pains in stomach and bowels, with borborygmi (second day), 6.
Vague and transient, but very acute, pains in the stomach (third day), 6.

ABDOMEN

Swelling of the whole abdomen, 5. [30.]
Vague pains in the hypogastrium, when urinating, at 6 A.M. (second day), 6.

RECTUM AND ANUS

Tenesmus and pressure in the sphincter ani, with pricking, at 3 P.M., (second day), 6.
At 8 o'clock, renewed, but ineffectual urging to stool (second day), 6.

STOOL

Diarrhœa in the morning (sixth day), 6.
Unusually easy stools, 6.
Watery, greenish, fetid stools (second day), 6.
Copious, light-colored, watery, fetid stools (second day), 6.

URINARY ORGANS

Sudden pain, with lancination, in the urethra, above the fossa navicularis, for two minutes (second day), 6.
Slight heat in the urethra (third day), 6.

RESPIRATORY ORGANS

Respiration intermitting, at times almost ceasing, 3.

CHEST. [40.]

Pain within the chest, 6.
Pain in the side of the chest and in the shoulders, aggravated by movement (second day), 6.

HEART AND PULSE

Pulse very weak, 3.

BACK

Pain in the back (third day), 6.
Pain at the loins (sixth day), 6.

SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES

Acute pain in the left arm at night, 6.
Pain in the left elbow (third day), 6.

INFERIOR EXTREMITIES

Pain at the inside of the thigh (fifth day), 6.
Rheumatic pain in the right thigh (eighth day), 6.
Trembling of the knees and of all the limbs with violent emotion, when hearing others talk about the disease he is afraid of having (second day), 6. [50.]
Weakness of the knees when going upstairs, 6.
Swelling of the ankles, rather less at night (third day), 6.

GENERAL SYMPTOMS

Slight cramps, with staring look, 3.
Debility, 6.
Moral and physical prostration (third day), 6.
Faintings, 5.

SLEEP AND DREAMS

Sleepiness.
Drowsiness (sixth day), 6.
Drowsiness in daytime, 6.
Sleep at 4 P.M. (second day), 6.
Falls asleep late, 6. [60.]
Distressing dreams, about wanting to save an asphyxiated child, whose parents will not let him treat it (second day), 6.
Dreams about a conflagration, with small flames, like those presented by the 10th attenuation of Crotalus cascavella, when examined under the solar microscope, at the Homœopathic Institute of Rio Janeiro (fifth day), 6.

FEVER

Coldness and shrinking, 5.
The whole head, especially the nape of the neck, is cold (eighth day), 6.
Face and limbs cold, 3.
Icy coldness under the shoulder-blades, in bed, even when well covered up (seventh day), 6.
Icy coldness of the arm, even to the marrow of the bone (eighthday), 6.
Icy coldness of the knees (sixth day), 6.
Cold feet and hands (seventh day), 6.
Profuse sweat during sleep, ceasing on waking (second day), 6. [70.]
Very fetid sweat under the axillæ and on the scrotum (third day), 6.

CONDITIONS

Aggravation.
( Morning ), 6.30 o'clock, eructations; 6 o'clock, when urinating, pain in hypogastrium; diarrhœa.
( Afternoon ), 4 o'clock, weight in head; 3 o'clock, tenesmus, etc.
( Night ), Pain in left arm.
( Movement ), Pain in chest.
( During sleep ), Sweat.
Amelioration.
( Night ), Swelling of the ankles.
( Applying hands to part ), Heaviness in stomach.

Cassada