Camphora officinalis

Volume I — Main text

CAMPHORA.

Concrete volatile oil of Launu Camphor a^ L. Nat. Ord,, Lauracat*

1. Prcvings, — 1. Hahnemann, iWi?f. iWir^. Pwr^^ voL iv of original, vol. i of translation. Contains 105 symptoms from self, 147 from 4 fellow-provers and 93 from 21 authors.

2. A gentleman swallowed for experiment 553 dissolved in oil. In \ h, head became confused so that he could not read ; he staggered as he walked, and dark cloud seemed to come over his eyes ; but upon going into open air symptoms began to abate, and in a few h, passed away. (Whytt, IVorksy p. 646.)

3. Another, from same quantity, had similar head symptoms, but also after 2 h. nausea, with giddiness and dimness of vision, going on to active vomiting of bile coloured with blood ; after which pulse became fiequent, small, and feeble, with general debility, which con* tinued some time, especially in legs. (Griffin, Diss, de Camph, viri* iusy Edinb., 1765.)

4. Another took 3ij. Had first burning at stomach with slackening of pulse ; in 3 h. staggering and sopor, vertigo increasing at intervals, intoxication, disturbed mind, slight shuddering and pallor of face, finally sleep* [I hid.)

5. Alexander, having taken 3j without effect, save slight reduction of pulse, took 3ij (in syrup). In about 15 m. he began to feci unusual lassitude ana depression of spirits, accompanied by frequent vawnings and stretchings, which increased for f h., by which time they had grown extremely troublesome | pulse had now fallen from 77 to

6. Soon after this such giddiness came on that he could with difficulty cross room ; on openmg window and looking out, every object seemed in tumult and confusion. Feeling himself involved therein, and as if he would fidl out, he staggered to bed, and tried to read, but could not take in meaning of book. Tumultuous motions now extended to letters, obliging him to desist ; and another attempt at walking was still less successful. He swallowed a little broth, returned to bed, and increased confusion soon became insensibility. A pupil coming in at this time states that A — desired him to shut window, then threw himself backward on bed, then started up, sat on its side, and made ineffectual efforts to vomit ; finally flung himself back again with dreadful shrieks, fell into strong convulsions, foamed at mouth, stared wildly, and endeavoured to lay hold of and tear everything within reach. Then followed calm, like fainting, only that colour was florid. A brother being sent for spoke to him, and he awoke as from a profound sleep, but without knowledge as to where he was. Pulse was 100. Feeling very warm and tremulous, he rose, threw himself on floor, and had face and hands bathed in cold water. Then, drinking freely of warm water, he vomited, bringing up greater part of C. taken. Knowledge of things and persons now gradually returned, but as if he be<^e acquamted with them for the first time. A pretty severe headache came on, and giddiness, singing in ears, heat and tremor continued, though in less degree. Thermometer on stomach rose 2^ above blood heat. Slept soundly all n. ; next d. had a very costive stool, and felt great soreness and rigidity all over body, which went off in a few d. more. [Experimintal Essays^ 1 768 . )

7. Enders, Dec. 24th, 1821, at 9 a.m., took 4 dr. of alcoholic solution (1 gr. in 8 drops). Towards noon this caused dull headache spreading from forehead towards temples, lasting over i h., feeling of being out of spirits, and in following n. heavy sleep. On following d. took 8 dr. Headache was renewed, and head felt quite muddled. Headache increased gradually, reaching its greatest intensity in e., accompanied at times by fleeting stitches in both temporal regions and in orbits ; relieved p.m. by walking in open air. Felt disinclined for all exertion during whole d. Skin acted more freely, and constant thirst urged him to drink frequently. After 12 dr. felt within a few m. reeling as if tipsy. After 3 h. felt same headache as before, but to a less extent. Action of skin was increased, and dryness of mouth lasting all d. obliged him to drink freely. During e. pulse was slightly excited. Dec. 27th, 8.30 a.m., took 16 dr. After \ h. was seized with giddiness so that he was obliged to sit for several m. in order to escape falling. After 2 h. felt same headache beginning in frontal region, spreaoing later as far as occiput, lasting 3 h. Perspired freely during d., dryness in mouth being considerable. After 20 dr. same symptoms recurred, except that this time it was rather confusion than pain in head, and lasting several h. Dose of 28 dr. caused same symptoms. (Jorg, Materialien.)

8. Meurer, Dec. 24th, 1821, 8.30 a.m., took 4 dr. After \ h. felt somewhat livelv, excitement not followed bv perceptible depression. After 8 dr., in adqition to above symptom, felt pressing, though not

actually painful sensation in forehead^ changing after i h, to confiision of head, lasting till noon, and accompanied (i h, after dose) by frequent deep yawning; 12 dr. caused feeling of warmth, first in organs of deglutition, then in stomach, and later in whole body, and after a few m* slight frontal headache, becoming gradually more acute and accompanied by stabbing, proceeding apparently from the temporal bone and recurring every 5 ra. Pulse was for over 1 h. in an excited state, beating 10 to 15 beats per m. more than usual j headache with dry mouth and constant thirst lasted 6 h., when stabbing disappeared, and in place of actual pain confusion of head came on lasting some h. After 9 h, prover fell asleep and slept heavily for 3 h. Dose of 16 dr. caused same symptoms, though not more severely, and without stabbing pain ; 28 dr. caused feeh*ng of warmth to greater degree, and after 5 m, stabbing in stomach lasting 1 m. Head soon became confused and pulse quickened, and after 3 h, somnolence and muddled condition of head came on, last moderating towards late e, {Ibid,)

1. Heisterbergk, Aug. agth, 1823, 8 a.m., took 10 gr. in substance, rubbed up with same quantity of sugar of millc. After 10 m. remarked heat of countenance, with suffusion j confusion of head, approaching, after a few moments, to vertigo ; and trembling of hands^ especially evident in writing. This condition lasted i h. After 12 gr. similar symptoms appeared, {l^id,)

2. LiPPERT, on Aug. 9th, at 8 a.m., took 2 gr. rubbed up with 3j of magnesia. Urine passed after this was at first clear, but deposited on standing thick whitish flocculent sediment ; 3 gr. caused same symptoms^ and also three slight evacuations ; more deposit was present in urine. After 4 gr., in addition to same symptoms there was considerable sweat, although prover moved about very little, and towards midday there was dull frontal headache, a symptom which appeared constantly after subsequent doses. After 5 gr,, besides previous symptoms, remarkable change in circulation came on, pulse after 5 h, becoming large, bounding, and hard, and at times irregular, remaining in this condition several h. After 6 gr. giddiness and confusion of head developed themselves, accompanied by feeling of emptiness of head. Urine was somewhat more scanty than from previous doses. (Uid.)

3. PiENiTz took i gr, on Aug, 8th, 1823, at 8 a.m* After 4 h, noticed full pulse and pressing pain behind and above each orbit, lasting i h. After i gr. noticed (after 2 h.) dryness of mouth, bclchings, and quickened pulse. Next d. took 2 gr, This was followed by dryness in mouth lasting till e., much thirst, after i h. pressing pain behind both orbits lasting i h. j after 2 h, pulse accelerated a few beats in m., lasting 2^ h. (/bid.)

4. Seyffert, after 5 gr., fasting, on Aug. 7ih, at 8 a.ro,, noticed transient confusion of head. On i2th, at 8 am, took 7 gr. After I h. felt confusion of head, going on to actual vertigo, and lastiiig over I h* At noon giddiness returned suddenly, and was accompanied with epistaxis after stooping for 3 m. over some mechanical occupation. Similar effects foUowed doses of 6, 7, and 8 gr., epistaxis alone excepted, {Ihid.)

5. GuNTz took, July 8th, 8 a.m., i^ gr. in pill form. After I h^

had feeling in epigastric region as if abdominal cavity were too full at this spot, and as if diaphragm were pressed upwards thereby. This feeling was accompanied by oppression of respiration, and lasted till noon. Similar effects, but lasting somewhat longer, followed dose of 2 gr., and^ in addition, puke was quickened by several beats and skin perspired more than usual. After 3 gr. same effects followed, accompanied after i h. by slight pressure in frontal region. {Ibid.)

1. Kneschke, July 6th, at 5 p.m., took ^ gr. rubbed up with

2 gr. of magnesia. After ^ h. felt slight, but not troublesome confusion of head, as if from drinking several glasses of wine, lasting ^ h. Next d. took i gr. in pill, which he chewed thoroughly before swallowing. After 10 m. felt congestion towards head causing slight confusion of head, especially of forehead, lasting i h. but not passing off entirely for 4 h. After i h. pulse was quickened several beats ; this lasted i h. Similar effects followed i^ gr. taken in same manner. After 2 gr. felt same effects, accompanied after 5 m. by pressure in forehead and temple, pulse being meanwhile fuller and quicker, lasting 2 h. After

3 gr., in addition to foregoing symptoms, felt during ist h. more lively than usual \ effects only disappeared entirely after 9 h. {Ibid,)

1. Otto, on July 5th, at 7.30 a.m., took i gr. in crude form. After 8 m. noticed increased heat of skin without sweat ; pulse beine fuller and stronger but not quickened. After i gr. noticed (after ^ h.) pulse was stronger and quicker than usual ; this was followed by excited condition of brain with rush of blood toward head and increased warmth of countenance, especially in cheeks ; felt much excited but not giddy ; everything seemed to move more quickly ; what he read he understood more quickly and easily ; felt in contented mood. Later, felt some pain in head and eyes. These symptoms lasted altogether i^ h. After 2 gr. noticed same effects upon skin and pulse, but without congestion of head and increased sensibility (on this occasion he moved about freely all d. in open air). After 3 gr. felt increased warmth in region of stomach, spreading gradually over whole body and followed by general moderate sweating. Only brain symptom was feeling of exceptional cheerfulness and liveliness. Similar effects followed 4 gr. After dose of 5 gr., in addition to general warmth and sweating, noticed shortly after takine it considerable conftision of head, passing on to giddiness and actual headache (as from a mild debauch) ceasing after } h. on walking in open air ; pulse meanwhile was slightly quicker, fuller, and stronger than usual. {Ibid,)

2. SiEBENHAAR, on July sth, at 5 p.m., took i gr. After J h. found puke become quicker, fuller, and stronger than usual, and heat of skin increased, chiefly on head and particularly on forehead and temples; symptoms vanished after i h. After li gr. noticed same symptoms, with, in addition, heaviness in frontal region and slight rumbling in bowels. After doses of 2 and 3 gr. same effects occurred (except rumbling in bowels), but with greater intensity. [Ibid.)

3. JoRG took i gr. rubbed up with 5 gr. of sugar on July 5th at 10 a.m. ; for 2 h. felt perceptible movements in intestines followed by fi-equent passage downwards of foul-smelling flatus. In following n., between i and 2 a.m., awoke with acute pressing pain in region of

CQcIiac ganglion, pain causing him to perspire freely for i h. After this it ceased gradually. During this attack pulse was five to six beats quicker, but rather soft than hard. On rising there was still very slight dull pain in same region i during d. suffered off and on with pressing pains in head, sometimes in forehead, at others in sides. Urine both days appeared more concentrated than usual. Soon after i gr., in substance, felt increased warmth in stomach, spreading imperceptibly over whole body, increased action of skin, most after 2 h., and quickened circulation. After i^ h, dryness of mouth and somewhat troublesome thirst. After 2 h. felt as if blood and heat ascended somewhat towards head. After 5 h., on sitting down to write, noticed that he trembled, especially in hands. After another \ h. hands and arms became steady again. After 7 h. was troubled with pain in region of cceliac ganglion, lasting 2 h. Next d. took ij gr,, effects of which were slighter and appeared to pass off within i h. After S h», however, perceived a sharp, scraping, and somewhat burning feeling wandering about abdomen, which came and went for 4 h., when it changed to abovementioned troublesome pain in region of coeliac ganglion, and after another i^ h. became so acute that sweat rolled off him; now and then a slight rigor occurred, and it felt to him as if very acute inflammation of several viscera were starting from root of corliac axis or cceliac ganglion. Irritation now seemed to pass upwards and caused him to cough repeatedly, with painful sensation on inner surface of spinal column from diaphragm upwards. Circulation at same time became quickened by about 10 beats per m. (pulse small and soft), and accompanied by singmg in head. Ten h. after dose symptoms began to abate, but he woke up several times in n* with dull sensations in region of cceliac ganglion. Bowels remained constipated. On ijth, at

8 a.m., took 2 gr., which he chewed and then swallowed. Heat and sweating came on as before and lasted more or less all forenoon. From

9 till 10 o'clock, whilst perspiring, felt slight cutting in region of navel, passage of flatus, urging to stool and to micturition, irritation in region of kidneys and excitement of genitals (feeling as if rectum, bladder, and genitals must be evacuated all at one time, and as if there were general turgescence of that part of body where the three great canals emerge). This urging lasted hardly | h., but in so far as genitals were concerned, recurred between 12 and 1, lasting i h. Added to this, between 12 and i, irritation and movements in bowels came on, sometimes changing to actual trembling. After this passed off, at II a.m., pressing and stretching pain came on below diaphragm, extending upwards and downwards, passing on in ^ h. to pain in region of coeliac ganglion, moderate till 7, and then gradually increasing until 8,30, when it began to diminish, and by 1030 had passed off. During afternoon, slight cutting pains were felt in abdomen, without diarrhoea, but with constant passing of foul, pungent flatus. Stools were of thinner consistence and smaller quantity than usual. Urine appeared very concentrated and had pungent odour (not of drug). About 1030, slight muddled feeling, especially in fore part of head, came on, with slight burning in eyelids. In following n. felt constant thirst and slept badly, {IhU)

1 7. Lembice, June 14th, 8 p.m., 15 dr. tinct. Pulse before taking it 70. After 10 m. internal coldness in lumbar and sacral regions, increased by walking, warm feeling in stomach, slight discharge of flatus ; forehead hot ; heaviness of head, chiefly in crown ; pupils disposed to dilate quickly ; pressure in 1. knee, over the r., in leg inferiorly ^ hands warm ; severe pressure in r. of crown, persistent ; then obtuse pressure deep in vertex, with increased heat of scalp in crown, and feeling of weieht of head. Occasional internal coldness in lumbar region, pupils dilated, discharge of much flatus ; when walking pressure deep in r. thigh ; drawing in 1. calf ; pressure on r. side of forehead ; frequent eructation of air ; pressure on 1. sole ; fine shooting in 1. calf. 8.30 p.m., bruised pain in lower part of 1. forearm. Stitches in skin of r. fourth finger, on the side of the last joint. Frequent eructations of air ; tired pain in r. knee with great feeling of heat in it ; thereafter commencing numbness in r. toes, followed by a feeling of inward coldness from knee to foot while sitting ; drawing-shooting in second joint of L index; pressure in middle of I. calf while walking and sitting ; inward chill betwixt scapulae ; inward coldness through r. leg, as if cold air blew upon it. 9 p.m., pressure in 1. forehead. Drawing in 1. thumbball ; tired feeling in 1. arm ; weight and pressure in both knees when seat^, with internal feeling of coldness in them, as if a cold fluid ran down from knee; walking increases the chilliness; the hands, too, become cold ; the air of the room when drawn through the nostrils feels cool ; yawning when walking, eructation of air. 9.15 p.m., cold hands and feet ; drawing in carious lower molars when walking ; drawing in decayed upper incisors ; pressing in 1. leg and r. toes. 10.30p.m., shooting in both sides of tendo Achillis when walking; from r. elbow to liand tired feeling ; a cup of tea removed the symptoms. Sleep sounder than usual. — 15th. On waking at 5.30 a.m., feeling of heat all over skin, as of commencing sweat, on which he fell asleep. On rising some heaviness in forehead. — 21st, 8 p.m., 15 dr. spirit of camphor in eau sucree. After some m. chilliness in back, shooting in ball of 1. foot ; drawing in 1. toes and ball of r. foot ; the cold feeling in back increases as if a cold air blew on back ; pressure in r. knee ; heaviness of 1. arm ; weariness in legs, especially knees, when sitting; then in 1. arm from shoulder to wrist, relieved by moving arm ; when the arm is at rest the pressive compressive pain recommences ; pressure and weight above forehead ; the same pain in r. arm ; slight scraping in throat, causing short cough ; eructation with camphor taste ; great drawing in r. foot ; cold feeling in r. knee to foot when sitting. 8.30 a.m., feeling of heat, inward shaking from nape to between scapulae, extending as pressure into limbs, with heat and sweat of forehead, when sitting ; drawing in r. sole ; pressure in occiput, r. forearm and ankles ; jerking pressure in head above 1. ear ; crawling, creeping feeling over 1. side of neck and 1. clavicle ; feeling of heat rising from nape to head, with intermediate cold feeling, the skin warm slightly sweating, forehead moist, pulse a little quickened ; sudden boring on r. of nose for a moment ; severe persistent pressive pain in flexor side of 1. wrist ; sweat on back and forehead when sitting ; when arms and legs are at rest, pressure and drawing on inner side of both

legs to ankle, and still more on inner side of arms ; movement ] but returns when at rest. 9 a.m,» smarting in eyelids, also ; p.m. When walking, pressure in nape, forehead heavy ; eruc gas ; much flatus- discharged j stitches deep in 1. ear ; weight in sinciput, aggravated by walking, also pain in legs and ankle ing in 1. nostril, sneezing ; pressure in sinciput in several parts j sitting, prickling through legs ; great pressure in 1. ankle and knee. 10 a.m., weight in sinciput ; severe bruised pain in and r. knee when sitting ; when walking, pressure in ankles^" when sitting in knees ; slept soundly. — 22nd, m., urine k usual. Forenoon, weight in forehead, pressure in r. leg ; smar tip of tongue like peppcr,^ — ^th, 8.30 a.m,, 5 df. After increased warmth in nape, head, face, which are hot to touch j warmer, palms moist, warmth in back ; pupils contracted, eye tive to light ; pressure in toes ; eructation of air j cold feeling and toes ; all these symptoms when sitting and reading j < head^ pressure in 1. knee ; hands sweat profusely j small hover before eyes ; pressure in r. ankle externally and r. knee j feeling in r. wrist with drawing in thumb and stiff feeling in ; increase of cold feeling in r. leg, like cold wind blowing on it ; in instep, 9 a.m., hands cool, blood-vessels contracted ; wc head ; pupils contracted ; muscae volitantes ; w^hen stand walking, the r. leg, especially the knee, is painful ; much flatus ^ cold, cold feeling in head 1 pain in back on stooping ; singing iai repeated sneezing ; smarting in eyelids j when walking alternat ness and heat in sacrum ; pain in r. knee, drawing in 1. tibia, i cles of upper arm ; weariness in sacrum ; later pressure in 1. tibia, drawing in r. angle of lower jaw, shooting in chin j sever_ during d. when walking drawing in K tibia. — 29th, 8 a.m.. Immediately heat in head, especially in crown, in cars ; immi^ thereafter burning in face, drawing in 1. toes repeatedly; the] face ajid head increases, face becomes red, great burning i| drawing in 1, arm, veins distended, hands hot, eyes sensitive 0 black spots hover before them ; pulse slightly quickened j gnaiL muscles on inner side of I. upper arm ; coldness in all r. Icgl (pressure in 1, ankle) like a stream of cold air going down thr to foot, also when standing; bruised pain in r. elbow, wr fingers ; heaviness of head. 8,30 a.m., when walking hcav whole r. leg; heat in face and head declines, but more heav^ sinciput ; when sitting always coldness in r. leg, when walking] in it J pressure in muscles above r. elbow ; frequent eructation of camphor; drawing in 1, palm, pressure in 1. knee, drawing muscles and 1, leg to foot, when sitting; drawing in head ov€ pressure in sinciput; repeated warm feeling in stomach; drai l.side of nose, on r. shoulder, then severe pressure on shoulder ; in r. instep when walking, in skin above and below 1. clavicle*; pain in both shoulders ; pulse fuller, larjger ; severe pain in baci slight tendency to perspire when moving at 2 p.m. At 5 p 1 feeling of r. leg when sitting, repeatedly ; burning on border off also on palate; tearing in 1, instep, in 1. elbow, on r tibimi

pain in 1. arm, espcdally shoulder-joint. 9 p.m., in skin of root of nose some pricking or crawling from dorsum to tip of nose, repeatedly, so that he must rub the nose, when it goes off, but soon returns ; at n. emission without dream. — 30th. More towards e. drawing in 1. tibia and borders of foot ; drawing in 1. side of nape, towards I. shoulder, when at rest and when moving ; stool delayed and very hard. 10 p.m., drawing in r. tibia and pressure in 1. forehead.— July 25th, 3.30 p.m., 30 dr. After some m. heat in occiput, heaviness of knees, pressure in forehead, hot feeling through back, skin of body and face moist, great pressure in ankles and knees ; blood-vessels much distended, pupils contracted, everything appears brighter; pulse 80. Drawing in instep, heaviness in arms, hands, and legs ; hot feeling streams through back and into legs; pressive pain in r. elbow; drawing between I. fingers ; heat in face and head ; repeated flushes of heat in back, with general warm sweat ; tearing behind and above cars; numb feeling in r. leg; vertigo when sitting — at 4.30 p.m. Severe shooting in r. big toe ; drawing on 1. side of nape to shoulder ; black spots hover before eyes, with sensation of increased brightness ; still heat and general perspiration ; pulse 80 ; burning in borders of lids ; shooting m calves ; drawing in toes ; shootinc; under 1. knee, in 1. cheek ; numbness of r. foot ; drawing about T. ankle ; frequent eructation — at 5 p.m. Weight in sinciput, pressure in 1. shoulder, worse when raising arm ; heat and perspiration gone ; compression in ankles, pressure in r. hip-joint. 5.30 p.m., return of heat in back, then through whole body and in face, with moist skin. All these symptoms when seated. When walking prickling in 1. toe tips, then in n ; much flatus ; pressure in r. shoulder ; drawing in toes, drawing pain in skin of nape and below both zygomatic processes ; pressure in toes ; stifl[hes8 of nape ; burning and shooting in r. sole ; discharge of flatus and eructation of wind continued till 7.30 p.m. At 6 p.m., tearing in 1. groin ; burning in 1. eyelids ; drawing in r. side of forehead ; boring in r. zygoma ; when walking painful feeling of stiffness in outer side of r. thigh. The pain in nape persists, especially in region of 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical vertebrae, aggravated by moving head, relieved by pressure of hand. 7 p.m., tearing in instep when sitting ; pressure in 1. wrist, then in 1. ankle ; so weary and drowsy he must go to bed ; sleep restless. — 26th, m., tearing in r. hand ; during d. pressure in shoulders and knees, also when walking ; drawing in toes and inner side of 1. upper arm, in 1. forearm, in hands, betwixt fingers. The pains worst in e. (A^. Z./ h. A"., x, 161, 169.)

1. Dr. Norton, March 6th, 1851, took 10 dr. of tinct. (probably 1 in 6) at bedtime. In n. unusual sexual ardour, with continued delusions respecting object of embrace. 7th. — At 7.30 a.m., 20 dr. Two h. after calm opiate effect on mind and brain. At 10 p.m., repeated dose, without appreciable effect. 8th. — At 7.30 a.m. took same ; in about 2 h. after slight confusion of head. Once, for a few m., burning in urethra as from cantharides. 9th. — At 9 a.m., 20 dr. ; in 2 h. stupefying feeling as after laudanum ; also indifference as to how the world uses one. Effects went off in 2 or 3 h. 10th. — At 8 a.m.; 40 dr. No perceptible effects save intellectual dulness ; also

6^2

soreness or tense stiff feeling in eyes and lids all d. (Brit, Journ^ itf

Ham,^ xvii, 464,)

1. a, PuRKiNjE, after taking a dose of I2 gr., in bed and fastings experienced heartburn, pleasant and moist warmth over whole body^ general and agreeable excitement of nervous system, which was particularly distinct in skin and muscles, peculiar excitement of brain^ and^ above all, feeling of inebriation. These feelings continued 1 1 h,, and were dissipated by customary occupations ofd. They were not followed by any sense of lassitude*

h. Same took ^ij in like manner. First effect was to excite such restlessness that he could not remain in bed. There was a singular sense of lightness in limbs \ all movements were executed with unusual ease \ in walking legs were raised beyond ordinary height^ without their inherent vigour being increased or diminished. Skin and muscles showed diminished susceptibility to external impressions ; he was unable to perform any literary work for a crowd of ideas rushing upon him \ one thought quickly followed another, but he was unable to fix atten* tion upon any of them ; he lost consciousness of his personality, thoughts chasing each other more and more furiously. After vomiting, consciousness returned, but distracted condition of mind, forgetfulness and crowding of ideas continued ; time seemed very long to him, and full of events which he was unable to recollect. ' This continued 3 h., during which time he could with an effort apply himself to work. But impressions received by sense of sight were evanescent (those by hearing lasting longer) 5 finally, an oppressive warmth spread through head and body, he lost consciousness and fell down. Face was flushed ; and for \ h. he breathed slowly and remained unconscious, exhibiting slight convulsive movements. On waking, Tie had to make persistent effort to recover consciousness of his personality and a know* ledge of his surroundings ; but he experienced no exhaustion^ and there were no after-effects. (Richter, Sptc, Ther,^ Suppl. Bd., p. 442.)

1. An adult man, in good healthy inhaled vapour of C. (moistened with alcohol) for some h, to check a catarrh. After a time he felt himself overpowered with general lassitude. Head became heavy, stupid, and painful j vision disordered, and there was shivering at intervals. Soon he was unable to stand ; faintings and nausea supervened, and physician found him in state of extreme prostration, pale, hands cold, trembling, with tendency to slight faintings, slow, soft pulse, quick and irregular breathing, intense headache and singing in ears. He soon recovered, and urine exhaled very marked odour of C. {Journ. de Chim. Med,^ i860, p. 466.)

2. A woman, :ct, 37, with chronic ovarian pain and dysmenorrhcea, but otherwise normal, took C. for 4 months.

a* For I St week 2 gr. were taken in solution daily on an empty stomach. She stated that the medicine did not affect her in any way ; but observation after first ingestion found pulse reduced from 72 to 60.

b. For next fortnight 4 gr. daily in same way. She described dose as producing sense of warmth through whole body, especially in chest and mammae.

r. During 4th and 5th weeks, 5 gr. m. and c. Decided giddiness

after each dose, coming on after about 20 m., and lasting 10 m. On two occasions it was. considerable.

d. During 6th week 10 gr. daily. First dose, taken 2A h. after breakfast, m^e her very giddy and powerless in \ h., feeling passing ofF in 10 m. Later dose, taken before breakfast, produced in lo m. such giddiness that she could hardly walk across room. Feeling continued at maximum for 15 m., then declined^ but did not pass away entirely till after breakfiist, i| h. after dose.

i. For next 3 weeks 15 gr. every 3rd m. before breakfast. Giddiness came on in 5 — 15 m., lasted at maximum 15 m., declining through another i. No other effect, but there was a little confusion when she looked up from sewing.

f. After 20 gr. there was also tremulousness of hands and slight somnolency. In 2^ h. she was still a little shaky and unsteady in her actions and felt languid and sleepy ; pulse had fallen from 72 to 66.

g. After 30 gr. same symptoms ; pulse falling from 70 to 60.

A. For last weeks of the time she took 10 gr. twice or three times a d. During i6th week she seemed languid and lethargic, and felt so, legs being weak and shaky ; twice she felt very faint, and constantly experienced heaviness and dulness of head, which seemed bewildered. There was no dimness of sight, but vision was " flickering and weak ; " pulse natural, breathing 23 one m., the next 19, with one long-drawn inspiration. No other functions were affected. (Harley, Pract.^ ix, 215.)

1. A youth of 17 was treated by C. for seminal emissions, in doses increasing from 4 to 30 gr. Same giddiness, internal heat and reduction of pimc were observed. On one occasion 35 gr. were taken after walking, when pulse was 86. Giddiness " over back and top of eyes'* came on in 15 m. and continued at maximum for 20 m. In 35 m. pulse 76, full and bounding \ cheeks hot and flushed, with a fittle somnolency, and sensation of warmth over upper chest. After 2 h. pulse 76, regular, and of usual force and volume ; somnolency and flushing gone, but he still felt heavy about eyes. He walked home, but experienced slight giddiness on reaching home, lasting \ h.

2. a. Man took 10 gr. In 10 m. pulse went down to 64 j feeling at stomach of coldness and acridity ; in 20 m. pulse 60, feeling at stomach as produced by hunger. An h. after taking C. cold at stomach still continued, but there was a feeling of general wellbeing. In 3 h. pulse 74, its normal frequency, and all symptoms subsided.

h. Again, 20 gr. produced similar symptoms, but increased in proportion to the larger dose.

r. A third experiment with 36 gr. gave following results : — Immediately feeling of coldness penetrating whole trunk, and especially felt at stomach and cesophagus. Feeling of comfort such as experienced on taking an ice when heated ; in \ h. pulse went down from 72 to 60. Slight feeling of exhaustion \ coldness continues, although in the digestive canal there commences a slight degree of acridity and biting. The widespread feeling of cold continues very marked. Undoubted aphrodisiac action. Coldness and feeling of wellbeing increased by

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walking, but the lightness and power of flight found in some cxpcri* ences were not felt. Two h. after taking C. feeling of coldness in alimentary canal replaced by one of slight and pleasant warmth. In 3 h* all effects disappeared. The breath was impregnated with C. for a short time after taking it, but not the perspiration or urine. (Taoas- SBAU and PiDOUX, (^p, a't.^ sub voce,)

1. a. Dr. ScuDERY, of Messina, took from 10 to 15 gr. of C, In 15 m. pulse became more frequent and vibratory, and this lasted 2 h., then cheeks became red and there was an access of fever j skin became dry ; pain in head with vertigo ; eyes lustrous and affected by light; feeling of contraction at chest and breath smelling of C* No burning or weight at stomach, but, on the contrary^ feeling of strength and comfort there. At times inclination to pass water, and urine had odour of C. In 4 h, these symptoms disappeared and were succeeded at n. by amorous dreams, erections, and pollutions. Urine scanty and burning \ constipation.

b^ Scudery repeated proving on five diiFerent occasions with similar results, only sometimes fever was more marked and lasted longer, especially when he increased the dose to 40 gr.

r. Dr, Pasquali, of Rome, took 10 gr. with sugar and gum arabic. His pulse became more frequent and vibrating j in 15 m. slight frontal headache, which increased for 30 m. i followed by vertigo, injection of conjunctiva, and feeling of comfort at stomach. Headache lasted allf the next d,

d. Dr. Mezzetti took 8 gr. His pulse was at first 66, feeling of heat at stomach ; i J h, after pulse fuller and more vibrating ; head heavy and painful, ideas confused. The proving, repeated some d. after, gave similar results, with addition of frequent emission of burning urine. At n. he had a little delirium, dry tongue, and thirst, {yournal Aj Prcgrh dis Sciences Midicales^ xvii, 78.)

»5. A gentleman who had had nocturnal emissions in excess of health, anci bad taken a mcTaiicholy religious turn, look one n. on going to bed some pieces of cam. phor. He lay down, but had immediately indescribable discomfort and nausea ; he could not remain lying down ; he felt a kind of madness, and alternately thought he was dead and alive. He tossed much about. The external world seemed to have vanished, he imagined he was in quite another world, in a great t»pace, and that he was the only one remaining of all the world, — that he was in feet the sole sun'lvor of all created tilings. He felt assured of eternal damnation. He thought he was the evil demon of the God-forsaken earth. AH comfort and all hope were lost, God Himself had ceased to exist. He felt unspeakably miserable, he suffered the most intense mental agony. He was the evil spirit of an empty world, hopeless and not to be consoled, his heart broken by unexampled sorrows. He rose suddenly from bed, rushed to the window and tore it open- It was a fine moonlight night, but this only increased his torture. The heavens seemed to be transparent and lifeless, the earth to lie in a dull gloaming. The sense of touch was lost, the eyes protruded. He felt inclined to throw himself from the window in order to float through his demoniac kingdom, but a slight glimmer of sense restrained him. His eyes were dry, his hand could not grasp anything. He endeavoured to pray ; the words came out of chest as if it were a cracked vessel. He wa& seized with affright and wished to run away. He j cried out : ** I am really dead and gone to hell for eternity, and yet I confessed thi|f| morning and no sin weighs upon me,'' He be^an to have doubts as to tbc soundndf ol his dogmatic views, though he had always been a firm believer. He remembered he had a stomachic syrup in his cupboard. He stretched out his hauid to get it, bu__ wa« horrified to discover that he had no feeling j his whole body seemed insensible.

and he had no feeling of internal warmth. He scratched the skin of his face and hands, but felt nothing. He lighted a candle and felt better, but on going back to bed he again felt the wish to throw himself out of window. He got up and rushed out of the house and fell down near a neighbour's door with a loud cry. The neighbours came out and administered restoratives. He could not bear to be left an instant alone. They gave him a cup of hot tea, which seemed cold to him. He then vomited and then felt cold. They laid him in bed and he fell asleep. Next m. the horrible delusions would come unless he made a strenuous effort to suppress them. All these things did not occur in a half sleep — on the contrary, he was very wideawake and remembers the slightest incident. Now, though a considerable time has elapsed, the horrors of that time recur when he is alone, and he feels as though his soul were freed from its material dwelling. If he drinks tea or coffee the same visions and delusions occur. He has often nightmare, and cannot sleep when the delusions are on him. His disposition is very irritable and morose, with tendency to despair and suicide. During d. he is pretty quiet, but at n. and when alone he is tortured by bis hallucinations. {Horn. Hertelj, i, 231. Conmiunicated by the patient himself.)

II. Poisonings, — i. M — , of thin habit and clear complexion, subject to slight nervous affections, but otherwise healthy, had for some d. spasmodic constriction of sphincter ani. An enema of 30 gr. of C. was prescribed. In a few m. taste of C. in throat ; in 15 m. (enema still retained) feeling of unrest and general illness, which increased. He jumped out of bed, felt lighter than usual, seemed scarcely to touch the floor as he walked but to glide over it. He sought assistance, his walk being uncertain and staggering ; he gesticulated much and kept asking for wine. Face pale^ eyes sunken, features altered. Feeling of coldness over entire skin, with sensation of numbness at hairy scalp, and especially at nape of neck. Skin cool and moist in parts, pulse weak and contracted. Tendency to faint ; mind especially affected, being in a state of great inquietude, but without apprehension of danger. He was emotional and shed tears, which surprised him, as there was no cause for them, and yet he could not prevent them. This state continued about 30 m. and gradually wore off. A glass cj( wine helped to restore him. He exhaled an odour of C. all d. (Orfila, 4th ed., ii, 495.)

1. Man, act. 39, ate about 35 gr. of powdered C. He had a fit of epilepsy, lasting about 10 m., followed by an extraordinary state of exhaustion. Extremities were cold, surface covered with clammy sweat ; pulse frequent and scarcely perceptible ; pupils dilated. When roused he had scarcely power to articulate. There was occasional suppression of urine for 3 months afterwards. [Had once had epileptic fit during intoxication.] {Lancet^ 1842-3, i, 300.)

2. A young lady swallowed piece about size of marble. Had a most vacant expression of countenance, eyes wandering about room, speechless and powerless, soon had violent epileptic fit, lasting 2 m. Went into state of stupor, and in about \ h. vomited freely, matter ejected smelling most strongly of C. In m. complained of violent pain in head and chest ; mouth was slightly distorted ; taste and smell of C. still present, and most disagreeable. {Ibid.^ i8S7> S 384.)

3. Lad, aet. 13, ate 2 pieces of C, about 120 gr. After 4 h. was observed to do something which elicited question, " Are you dreaming ? " No reply was given, and it was noticed that something was wrong with boy J eyes were fixed in a stare, and he stood motionless and unconscious. His brother took him up to carry him to adjoining room,

when he immediately became convulsed and perfectly rigid, with head and legs bent back, so that he could only be placed on side. Consulsionfi increased till surface from head to shoulders became purple, and pulse decreased rapidly till it could not be felt. Body then lost rigidity, and was apparently lifeless ; but in about 10 seconds pulse could again be felt, convulsions returned, and he foamed at mouth. Application of cold water brought him round in about 4 m,; violent vomiting then ensued ; he was hysterical for a time, but within an h. was so far recovered that he could be put to bed. (New Remedies <^ 1876, p. 85 : from Allen.)

1. Dr* Beck found a well-grown child, act. 3, lying on his mother's lap in strong convulsions. Scalp was intensely hot \ extremities cold 1 abdomen retracted, and patient apparently moribund. Breath smelt of C«, and it was ascertained that child had obtained a fragment of some in house 7-8 h» previously. A whisky enema and pounded ice to head restored child in %\ h. {St, Louis Mid, and Surg, 5^^wrw.,May, 1862.)

6, A young man, otherwise healthy, took for sleeplessness while suffering from a coryza about 20 gr, of C. in small pieces. He soon felt chilly, and a state like unconsciousness came on j when he recovered he felt as if craxy. This repeated itself several times, till an emetic removed a quantity of C. He stili felt sensation of coldness from stomach down legs, hands appeared to him paralysed, and all that he looked at trembled. After a few d, rest he returned to his work, but after 3 weeks lateral headaches, globus, loss of memory, becoming easily frightened, palpitations, hallucinations, alternate weeping and laughing, pollutions without sexual ideas, and state of somnambulism set in ; and some time passed before he felt well again. (Planat, Med. Psychol^ Bruxelles, March, 1885.)

7, Dr. EicHORN had powdered some C. with sugar to relieve a cold in head, and in course of 3 h. took a teaspoonful from time to time without reflecting on quantity he was taking, which was about ^ij. Going now to bed, for i h. he suffered no inconvenience. Presently, however, he began to feel warmer and warmer until he experienced a burning heat j his pulse grew very frequent, but there was no uneasiness in head. He says : " I never felt better^ never were my ideas more lively and clearer ; it appeared as if my intellectual powers were increased, and certainly champagne never brought on a more pleasing intoxication. After about ij h. my skin began to grow moist ; soon after my pulse became slower and I fell asleep. Next m. I awoke miserably weak, the sweat having penetrated to the under side of the featherbed, and my shirt and bedclothes were drenched/* (Lond. Med, Gaz.y xi, 772.)

1. Mr. C — i «t. 20, of healthy constitution and full habit, was standing in a shop where a druggist was breaking up cakes of C. He began to eat morsels of it, and probably swallowed from 5J to 51] in a few m. Suddenly experiencing a degree of headache, he went out into the street and, meeting a friend, proposed to him a rubber at whist. He felt unusually clear headed ; but soon after sitting down, his gestures and conversation became very strange and ^\nld. Leaving room suddenly, he retired to adjoining bedroom, and returned naked, dancing

wildly about^ and attempting to jump out of window. Pulse was 180 and small ; conjunctiva injected ; pupils not much dilated, but scarcelv sensible to light; countenance pale and haggard; breathing hurried, and at times greatly laboured ; frequent desire to micturate, with some pain along spermatic cord ; urine quite clear, but having (as well as perspiration) a strong odour of C. ; clammy sweat breaking out over body. Opium was now given, and complicated subsequent phenomena. Patient described sensations while under influence of C. as " most exhilarating, but gradually becoming oppressive." (Reynolds, Monthly Journ. of Med. AV., Sept., 1846.)

1. Two patients took C. (3ij and 5j respectively) for severe colic. In both cases, besides other symptoms, whole body became pale and extremely cold ; in first, there was also insensibility and collapse. (CuLLEK and Duteau, in Still£, op. cit.^ ii, 61.)

2. A hypochondriac took 3ij in oil. Hardly was dose taken, when patient was seized with vertigo, extremities grew cold, countenance pale, pulse small and very slow ; there was praecordial distress, and cold sweat broke out upon forehead ; mind became disturbed, and patient laughed loudly at one moment, and at next was depressed with dread of dying. Volatile and stimulating liquids held to nose increased intoxication ; patient's limbs seemed weary, and though proclaiming his strength he staggered in walking. In 2 h. he began to come to himself, but was feeble and relaxed ; copious perspiration with warm skin and frequent pulse followed, and he enjoyed a good night's rest. (Hoffmann, in Ibid.^ p. 58).

3. A nervous and delicate female, afl!icted with neuralgia and various scattered pains, had 4 grms. suspended in water given by enema. Hardly had 2 m. elapsed when patient complained of faintness which seemed to threaten dissolution, and of severe pain in belly. Immediately afterwards she became insensible and was convulsed ; limbs were contorted ; head thrown backwards, face purple, and mouth foaming. The fit lasted 12 m. M. Aran found her a few m. later with eyes half open, pulse 76-80 and extremely small, extremities cold and livid, and respiration suspended. Patient regained consciousness on water being sprinkled on face, but complained of pain in abdomen, and a sense of suffocation lasting for several h. A purgative enema was administered, and strong coffee given \ but very soon after, though she had meanwhile evacuated some of the camphorated liniment, symptoms of suffocation became intense, with ^e and extremities as cold as marble ; they were only mitigated by streams of cold water on head. Insensibility and coldness persisting, patient was placed in a warm bed, and wine with canella administered. From this time reaction came on, trunk grew warm and even hot, pulse rose and became frequent (88-92), and in 4 h. after taking the C. only remaining symptoms were fever, redness of face, heat of skin, and sense of weariness and debility. By the morrow these were entirely dissipated. Patient had no recollection whatever of incidents of attack. {Bull, de ThSrap.^ xli, 164.)

4. Miss T — , act. 20, took for a slight cold 25 dr. concentrated solution of C. in water. At once felt burning sensation in mouth

and throat ; she took water followed by gruel, and went to bed, and believes she immediately went to sleep. Soon after her sister heard her make strange noise, and received no reply on speaking to her. She was found insensible, foaming at mouth, black in face, and violently convulsed. In a few m. convulsions ceased, and vomiting of r" ink, probably blood-stained fluid, smelling strongly of C, followed • n an h, she was in deep sleep from which she could not be aroused. Throat looked inflamed, tongue covered with thick creamy fur, pupils dilated. For several h* breath continued to smell of C. and she was very drowsy. For several d. complained of pain and tenderness over stomach increased by taking food, numbness of tongue continued for 2 weeks, and 1, arm and leg were partially paralysed* She dragged the 1. foot along the ground in walking. For some months constant distressing dreams at night, weak and nervous, and occasional weakness and numbness in 1, arm and leg. (G. Johnson, Trans, of Clin, SocUiyy vii, 28.)

1. Rev. W, R — , act. 64, for slight cold took 3 dr. of Rubini's camphor every 5 m* for 8 doses. Suddenly felt severe pain in head which compelled him to go to bed and lasted for 48 h, ; became deathly pale and vomited several times. When he got up severe pain in spine^ which made it dtfHcult to keep erect. For 2 months was unable to resume work. {Ibid,)

2. A young lady, aet. 19, took for diarrhoea teaspoonful of concentrated solution of C, in water. Soon felt burning pain in mouth, fauces, and pit of stomach, dimness of sight, giddiness, tinnitus aurium^ numbness and tingling of arms and legs with loss of muscular power. Unconsciousness lasted for 3 h,, during which time there was coldness of surface with quick and feeble pulse, conjunctivae insensible to touch and tickling of feet not felt, respiration feeble, and slight convulsions. Emetic was given and sensibility gradually returned. She appeared like one awaking out of deep sleep ; afterwards burning heat of skin, full and quick pulse, great twitching of eyes, much agitation, headache, giddiness, and inability to walk from loss of muscular power ; mucous membrane of mouth slightly red, swollen, and painful. {Ibid,)

3. P — , act. 18, took for slight diarrhcea a teaspoonfiil of Rubinis C. in water Soon felt confused and giddy and took a little brandy. In about 30 m, suddenly fell down and was convulsed violently. Bystanders supposed it was epileptic fit. In about 10 m. regained consciousness and took emetic. For 5 d, occasional giddiness, {Ibid.)

4. Juan, Swiss mountain guide, took about 20 dr. for diarrhoea. Soon felt giddiness with headache, nausea, and extreme nervousness. Had to lie down and rest for a time, and afterwards was so nervous that he had to pick his way over the snow for fear of falling, and fell into sort of lethargy, from which he was frequently roused. Next d. was quite well. (Clifford Allbutt, in Ibid,)

5. Boy, act. 14, took about 15 dr. of homceopathic tincture.* He immediately became insensible ; was soon found pulseless, with extremities cold, and face and lips pallid. An emetic was given and brought

• In all these cases it nvas the saturated tincture (Rubinitt) which was — very im properly— era ployed J as it was taken merely for a cold. — Ei>s,

up a quantity of C, and in ^ h. he became sensible. (G. Johnson, Brit. Med. Journ.^ 1875, i, 272.)

1. Lady, at. 35, took 7 dr. of same. There immediately supervened a very faint feeling, which compelled her to lie down flat on the hearthrug, and she nearly lost consciousness. This lasted about 5 m. When I arrived, her face was very pale, and her pulse weak. She was very drowsy after she got to bed. [Ibid.^ p. 171.)

2. Young man took within 6 h. 7 doses of 3 dr. each. Within 5 m. after last dose, without slightest warning, had a severe epileptic fit, in which his tongue was badly bitten. Ever since he has felt "queer," complaining of peculiar cold sensation on tongue, extending about \ in. from tip. {Ibid.^ 1877, > ^o?)

3. A young lady took a few drops of same. She immediately became very giddy and un^^l) threw her arms about a sister, and was seized with strong convulsions. In about \ h. there was free vomiting, and she remained unconscious for some time longer. Later she complained of headache and giddiness, and was evidently confused ; pulse quick, skin moist. (A. Legat, M.D., Ibid.y 1875, i, 242.)

4. Patient was a man who generally enjoyed good health; he swallowed at bedtime half a wineglassful of saturated solution. After lying in bed \ h. he suddenly shrieked, jumped out of bed, and in great anguish and despair bent double. A physician was sent for, who administered an emetic, after which he felt easier, and next d. was able to attend to business. That n. another violent paroxysm took place ; he fancied he was able to fly about, and that, in spite of his opposition, he was carried away through the air ; he felt drawing round whole head, as though nerves were drawn up, with short remissions, attended with chilly creepings and indescribable sense of malaise. There then developed in him an exceedingly timorous disposition, though he had never before known what fear was ; he was more especially tormented by dread of being alone in dark, also of looking-glasses in room and thought of seeing himself in them. Sleep was restless, disturbed by frightful visions of ghosts, &c., frequent tossings about and startings ; even while waking he frequently started as if in affright, with palpitation. He had disposition to scream even during work and in the street, without apparent reason ; he felt impelled to attack people in the street and kill them. These sensations, which always became more intense in darkness, at n., and in cold, but which did not interfere with his daily pursuits, continued for nearly 2 years ; and after 5 years troubled him somewhat, nor had he entirely overcome his fearfulness. {Horn, Times ^ v, 285.)

5. Miss J — , act 27, to relieve dysmenorrhoea, took increasing doses at intervals during d., and at 6 p.m. 2 tablespoonsful of tinct. at a single dose. In a few moments was free from pain and went to visit a neighbour ; but on entering house was attacked with dreadful feeling of faintness, shivering, and numbness, without coldness save in stomach. Could only reach home by determining not to faint, and constantly eating snow and throwing it on to face. On reaching house would not enter it till doctor came, alleging that if she went indoors she should feint, and then have fits and never come out of them. Dr. Young

;oo

\P

found her thus and much excited* He had her conveved into a warm room and placed by a hot fire, Courses were found to have ceased entirely ; pulse was imperceptible^ heart very slow and intermittent i face and hands deathly pale, extremities numb 5 she constantly complained of freezing. Reaction was now brought about^ an3 a hot bath, with aconite and pulsatilla, restored the menses. Next d. she felt as well as usual, save for occasional sensation as if she would faint j and for 4 d. more attended to her usual duties. On e* of 4th d., while at piano, a friend suddenly held a bottle of C, to her nose. Patient says she knows she only got one snifFof it, but immediately all her old sym* ptoms returned, viz. ; faintness, shivering, coldness, numbness, and thickening of tongue with difficulty of speech and thought* [Last two symptoms occurred also during reaction from original poisoning ; but as coffee and laudanum had been freely given they were omitted as scarcely pure. — Eds.] These symptoms were not constant, but came on several times during d. for several d., gradually passing off, and then reappearing without a moment's warning. For some time after this susceptibility to the drug continued. {Hahn, Afonthfyy ix, 301.)

Ill, Experiments on animah, — i* a, C, dissolved in oil soon causes in dogs paroxysms of tetanic spasm. At first the senses are entire in the interval ; but by degrees they become duller, till at length a state of deep sopor is established, with noisy and laborious breathing, and expiration of camphorous fumes ; in this state the animal soon perishes. A solution of 20 gr. in olive oil will kill a dog in less than 10 m. when injected into the jugular vein. When C. is given to dogs in fragments it does not give rise to convulsions, but kills them more slowly by inducing inflammation of the alimentary canal. These arc the results of numerous experiments by Orfila.

b. They are confirmed by others since performed by Scudery, of Messina, but this experimentalist likewise remarked that the convulsions were attended with a singular kind of delirium, which made the animals run up and down without apparent cause, as if they were maniacal. He also found the urinary organs generally affected, and for the most part with strangury.

c. In dogs examined immediately after death the heart is no longer contractile, and its 1. cavities contain arterial blood of a reddish-brown colour. When the poison has been given in fragments, it leaves marks of inflammation in stomach and intestines. Orfila found these organs much inflamed under such circumstances. Scudery found membranes of brain much injected and brain itself sometimes softened j inner membrane of stomach either very red, or chequered with black, gangrenous*like spots of size of millet seeds ; duodenum in same state j ureters, urethra, and spermatic cord inflamed j and every organ of body, even brain, giving out strong odour of C. (Christison, op. dt,^ pp. 808, 810,)

1. a. Menghini found effluvium of C. fatal to many of the articulata, when enclosed with this substance in a glass vessel, with paper pierced with holes for air. Insects are sensibly affected by its emanations, which ultimately destroy them. According to some experimenters, small birds are all more or less acted on i some are seized

with epileptiform convulsions, others with a sort of intoxication or madness, and others fall into state of stupor, or give signs of distress, with stertorous breathing, hiccup, and frothing at mouth ; while in some cases a purgative, emetic, or diuretic action is manifested. Most frequently death of animal speedily follows these symptoms ; and on dissection various signs of inflammation are detected in meninges, lungs, heart, and intestines.

b. When C. is given in small doses to horses, oxen, sheep, &c., it is said to quicken pulse and cause general excitement, and blood drawn from a vein flows more strongly and is redder than before experiment. Larger doses, according to Moiroud^ develop exalted sensibility and induce convulsions, and still larger quantities produce a greater degree of morbid sensibility, frequency of pulse, convulsive paroxysms, and at last insensibility, and an apoplectic condition. (Stille, op. est.)

Volume II — Appendix

Camphora.-After I. 25, insert the following : 26. a. BERGONSI took 12 gr. in asmall quantity ofextr, heder. terrestr. After a few m. the pulse rose from 70 to 79 and upwards, salivation, beating of temporal arteries, distension ofjugular veins,tinnitus aurium, increased muscular power. After 2h, these symptoms gradually subsided. b. 16 gr. inbread. After 5 m., salivation, pulse rose to 75 and in h. to 81, general oppression. Took Oj followedby Ass saltpetre. After h. the intellectwas disturbed and the gait became tottering. After 1 h. weakness, during which he felt happy. c. Oj caused ptyalism and quick pulse followed by congestion of head. (DELONDRE, Rec. périod. de la Soc. d. Méd., lvii, pt. 2, 238 ; in Frank's Mag., iii,463.) After II. 22, insert the following : 23. Agirl, æt. 5, swallowed about 8 or 10 gr. After 10 m. she grew pale, became cold, her look staring, then she became faint, speechless, and senseless. Soon, the head was drawn towards r. shoulder and remained so; the rest ofthe body was relaxed, senses extinct. Sometimes the arms moved involuntarily; the eyes were turned upwards; foam before mouth,respiration hardly perceptible. Coffee caused vomiting. Opium 2 gr. by mouth and anus restored her. (HAHNEMANN, Hufeland's Journ., v, pt. 1, 6 ; Lesser Writ ., 375.) 24. A man, æt. 69, took for chronic rheumatism 2 drm. at 5 a.m. After 3 h. excitement like intoxication in and stage; afterwards burning in mouth, œsophagus, and stomach, throbbing in cerebellum, painful drawing along medulla spinalis, noise in ears, glittering before eyes, præcordial anxiety, subsultus tendinum in r. thigh and leg, with loss of consciousness. After 1 h. profuse sweat.' (SIEMER- LING, Med. Zeit. v. Ver. f. Heilk. in Preussen, vii, No. 2, p. 11 ; in Frank's Mag., i, 30.) 25. A man, æt. 73, addicted to spirituous liquors, and affected with cancer of lip, drank 4 oz. of sp. of C., containing 160 gr. C. at 6 p.m. At 7 p.m. he was found in a glowing heat, pulse full and quick, face very red and bloated, eyes sparkling, head confused and burning ; great anxiety, very restless, tossed about in bed andtried to get up, but soon lay back again; he complained of violent burning in stomach, great præcordial anxiety, very severe headache, vertigo and vision of sparks, sight often dim and many illusions of vision. The heat was intolerable. The diseased lip, which was previously painless, was now very painful, and felt very tense, Consciousness not disturbed. After taking an emulsionof almonds and some vinegar the burning in stomach went off, he had profuse sweat, and slept for 3 h. Urinary secretion suppressed. He soon recovered. (WENDT, Rust's Mag., xxv, pt. 1, 88.) 26. A strong, healthy woman took for a sprain a strong dose of C. in brandy. which caused great congestion of head, incoherent talking; later she lay in acomatose state, frequently starting and limbs trembling; tongue bright red, buccal cavity quite dry and hot ; pulse febrile, hard, tense; skin hot, dry like parchment. She

was bled, leeches applied, mustard poultices to feet and cold compresses to head, emetics and clysters. Astate like typhoid fever then came on,she had obstinate constipation for 6d., followed by excessive diarrhea. On the 22nd d. critical sweat broke out, smelling of camphor. (PLUSKAL, Oest, med. Wochensch., 1843, No. 19, 508 ; in Frank's Mag., i, 704.)

Volume IV — Appendix

CAMPHORA. (See vol. i, p. 684; vol. ii, p. 730.)

II. 27. a. P.m. on Sept. 15th Miss X. was brought to my house, and had to be partly carried indoors. Her hair and dress were disordered; face duskily suffused and perspiring; breathing slow and shallow, with tendency to sighing j pulse rapid, small, and compressible. She was in a semi-conscious state, with eyes half closed, and if placed in a sitting posture her head and body inclined to h\ forward and to the side; but if roused and spoken to loudly she attempted to sit upright, raised her eyelids for a moment, and responded rationally, but in the unformed, halting accents of a person labouring under the effects of drink. Her breath smelt of camphor. Her sister stated that they had lunched together at i on coffee and bread and butter, and afterwards were doing some shopping. She had a slight cold, for which she had been recommended to try camphor. She had provided herself with a piece as big as an almond, which she had begun to chew and swallow in minute portions. Some 20 m. after she suddenly complained of feeling giddy and queer ; and they had barely time to get into a shop they were passing when she fell down in a quasi-faint. After restoratives she rallied somewhat, but began to talk excitedly, and endeavoured to sing or hum snatches of tunes, paying but little heed to those about her. Her &ce was flushed and its expression peculiar ; her sister said that but for knowing she never drank any wine or spirits, and for their having been together all the forenoon, she would have thought her under the influence of drink. As the hilarious excitability was gradually passing into a state of stupor, the sister became alarmed, and had her conveyed to my house.

b. I gave 20 gr. of zinc sulphate, which was followed by free

vomiting. After waiting 15 m. I gave it^xxx of sal volatile in a small

. cup of strong black coffee. Her breathing and circulation improved ;

53S

her face, from being flushed and dusky, had become somewhat paie> expression being more natural ; and she gradually sank into a light slumber. In ^ h, more she took another dose of coffee and ammonia, and by 4 was sufficiently recovered to be removed to her own home. She was somewhat light-headed and giddy, but only complained of a burning pain at the pit of the stomach, which had disappeared by the next d. (W. R. Ray, A^. Eng. Med. Gaz., xxii, 236.)

1. I was called at 10 p.m. on Feb. 23rd, 1886, to see a young gentleman, aet. 19, " in a fit." I found him on the floor in convul sions, his face and neck dusky, and foam flying from his mouth. The pulse was full, and the pupils dilated. The shirt was immediately loosed, and cold affusion used, with the result that the convulsions ceased, and he became quieter. After 5 m. retching began, and the small quantity of fluid that came up smelt strongly of camphor. Ten m. later I got him up, and, by dint of firmness, persuaded him to go up to his room, undressed him, and put him to bed. There he expressed himself as quite comfortable, and only sleepy. I ascertained that my patient, who is a teetotaler, had a cold in the head, for which he had sought advice of a druggist, who recommended essence of camphor. A half-ounce of Rubini's essence was given him; and, about 7.30, he saturated a large lump of sugar, spilling a little of the camphor in the process. Not content with this he took, at 8.30, about the same quantity in water, went to the smoke room, and smoked two pipes of tobacco. At 9.30 he began to feel giddy, and to be losing his self-control ; he talked incoherently and excitedly, ran upstairs, and fell on the floor " in a fit." Two other members of the family had thirteen drops between them, and there remained in the bottle exacdy eighty drops, so that two and a half drachms have to be accounted for; and I conclude that my patient must have taken almost two drachms, if not quite — a large dose from which to recover so rapidly. With the exception of a bad headache, my patient was quite well the next morning, and ate a good breakfast, but his cold was no better.

An interesting point in this case was that, from 9.30, when the poisonous action of the camphor began to assert itself, until n.30, when he really first regained consciousness, he was entirely unconscious of all that he did or said ; and yet resented the application of the cold water, both by speech and action ; answered my questions intelligeotJy as to pain, &c. j walked upstairs, and assisted in preparing himself for bed ; and when there, said he was comfortable. In the m. he assured me that he had not been cognisant of my visit. (East, Brit. Aid. Journ., 1886, i, 542.)